19/10/2021

From Jesus to the caliphs:

Waiting for the Messiah,ruling in the
name of the Messiah,being the Messiah

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 Early 7th.cent. → 640’s

Arab leaders claim

“messianist powers”

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 What does “muhammad” mean?
• According to the Standard Islamic • According to the linguists : the “desired
Narrative : the “praised one” one”, the “coveted one”, the “beloved one”

ish-hamudot: Hebrew equivalent to Arabic mu-hamad

• The meaning of the Arabic HMD root drifted from “Desire” to “Praise” due to the invention of the ahmad-
Paraclet forgery by the Standard Islamic Narrative and its interpolation of ahmad in Q61:6 in order to fit the
Islamic understanding of the Greek gospel of John: Paraclet → periklutos (“renowned”), instead of
parakletos (“the one who speaks for another”)
See E.-M. Gallez, “References to muhammad in the Quran: History of a Research”, in Inârah 10, Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI,
Schiller & Mücke, 2020 www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”

Historical
Muhammad(s)
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections,
he who is coveted"
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 640’s → 690’s

Arab leaders as the

empires’ auxiliaries

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 Some Byzantine empire patterns

Follis (fals, νοῦμμος) - Justinian I (527 – 565)

Solidus –Justinian II (1st reign 692–695)

Solidus - Heraclius (610-641)

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 640-660
• Byzantine emperor figure
• Christian symbols

Christian coin minted between 640 and 660 by the Arab

power in the Levant, a copy of Byzantine fals
(cf. Clive Foss, "Coins of two realms", In Aramco World 66, n°3)
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”

Construction of the Third

Temple in Jerusalem

UMAR
al-faruq
The savior,
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 644-656
• Byzantine emperor figure
• Christian symbols

Fals minted in Syria between 644 and 656 “during the

reign of Uthman ibn Affan”, a copy of Byzantine fals
https://www.vcoins.com/fr/stores/ken_dorney/52/product/arabbyzantine_time_of_the_rashidun_uthman_ibn_affan_644__656_ad_fals_or_follis_rare/1446183/Default.aspx
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 644-656
• Byzantine emperor figure
• Christian symbols

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
Fals minted in Syria between 644 and 656 “during the reign of
Uthman ibn Affan”, a copy of a Byzantine fals
https://www.vcoins.com/en/stores/ken_dorney/52/product/arabbyzantine_uthman_idn_affan_644__656_ad_ae_fals_of_follis/1370443/Default.aspx
 Sassanid empire drachma pattern

Sasanian Silver Drachma, 7th cent.

Obverse : effigy of Khosrow II (590-628) facing right wearing a crown
Reverse : fire altar between attendants [Odon Lafontaine’s private collection]
Zoroastrian symbolism : fire altar with two attendants (priests?) ; star & crescent
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Persian empire pattern 651-661
• Persian emperor figure
• Zoroastrian symbols

Silver Drachma minted by an Arab governor in Persia (651/661), probably affiliated to Uthman
On the obverse, mention of the emperor Yazdgard III (in Pahlavi) and his effigy copied from that of Khosrow II;
Zoroastrian symbolism on the reverse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Islamic_coin,_Time_of_the_Rashidun._Khosrau_type._AH_31-41_AD_651-661.jpg
See also David Collection, Denmark - https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/umayyads/coins/c1
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 650’s → 690’s

Arab leaders make new

claims to justify their power

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Persian empire pattern 651-661
• Persian emperor figure
• Zoroastrian symbols

Silver Drachma minted by an Arab governor in Persia (651/661), probably affiliated to Uthman
On the obverse, mention of the emperor Yazdgard III (in Pahlavi) and his effigy copied from that of Khosrow II; on the reverse,
Zoroastrian symbolism
bsm llh: “in the name of God”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Islamic_coin,_Time_of_the_Rashidun._Khosrau_type._AH_31-41_AD_651-661.jpg
See also David Collection, Denmark - https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/umayyads/coins/c1
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 661-684
• Byzantine emperor figure
• Christian symbols Christian
symbolism

bism allah
"in the name of God
Umayyad fals (copper coin, 661-684)
David Collection, Denmark - https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/umayyads/coins/c4
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”
Coins with Christian & Zoroastrian symbolics & Byzantine and Persian empire patterns

Construction of the Third

Temple in Jerusalem

UTHMAN
UMAR bism allah
al-faruq In the name of God
The savior, In the name of God
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
Gadara (Hamat Gader) inscription, dated from 663 and mentioning Muawiya 663

The text is introduced by a Christian cross and refers to Muawiya as ΑΒΔΑΛΛΑ ('abdalla') and
ΑΜΗΡΑΑΛΜΥΜΕΝΗΝ (‘ameraalmoumenhene'), direct transliterations into the Greek alphabet of the Arabic
expressions abd allah and amir al-mu'minin, "servant of God" and "commander of the believers www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Persian empire pattern 673-674
• Persian emperor figure Umayyad Drachma (silver coin, 673-674)
• Zoroastrian symbols

"Muawiya, Commander of the Believers" [Persian script, in orange]. Zoroastrian

bsm llh: "in the name of God" [Arabic script in red]. symbolism

David Collection, Denmark - https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/umayyads/coins/c240 www.thegreatsecretofislam.com

 678

Arabic inscriptions
commemorating the
construction of a dam at Taif
(678) by Muawiya, mentioning
him as a servant of God and
commander of the believers

https://www.islamic-awareness.org/history/islam/inscriptions/muwinsc1.html
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 670-680
• Byzantine emperor & Umayyad gold solidus (probably 678) minted by Muawiya
sons' figures
• No more Christian symbols

Byzantine solidus
with Heraclius &
sons (Heraclius
Constantine and
Heraclonas)
610-641

Obverse (front side): dechristianised imitation of a gold Reverse: a staff with a bar (tau cross?) replacing the
solidus of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, standing figures Byzantine cross, and imitation of Byzantine wordage
of Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas (CONOB., meaning Constantinople, as the
Note: the three figures are devoid of Christian symbolism conventional (fake) mint name]
(no crosses!)
https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=2339&lot=21
[George Miles, “Earliest Arab Gold Coinage” in the American Numismatic Society Museum, Notes No 13] www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”
Coins with Christian & Zoroastrian symbolics & Byzantine and Persian empire patterns

Construction of the Third

Temple in Jerusalem

MUAWIYA
abd allah: "servant of God"
amir al-mu'minin: "commander of the believers"
UTHMAN Intermediary between God and men
Intermediaries between God and men
UMAR bism allah
al-faruq In the name of God
The savior, In the name of God
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 • Byzantine empire pattern 679-691
• Byzantine emperor figure
• Christian symbols

Ghassanid Arab coin (Banu Nu'man) with Christian crosses

and the inscription MHMD (Muhammad)
Copy of a Byzantine coin dated between 679 and 691
https://www.sixbid-coin-archive.com/#/de/single/l28123298
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”
Coins with Christian & Zoroastrian symbolics & Byzantine and Persian empire patterns

Construction of the Third

Temple in Jerusalem

GHASSANIDS
muhammad: a new
precursor? Jesus?
MUAWIYA
abd allah: "servant of God"
amir al-mu'minin: "commander of the believers"
UTHMAN Intermediary between God and men
Intermediaries between God and men
UMAR bism allah
al-faruq In the name of God
The savior, In the name of God
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Persian empire pattern 686-687
• Persian emperor figure
• Zoroastrian symbols

Tom Holland showing this coin (same

pattern) in his documentary
)
“Islam, the untold story”
(Channel 4,UK, 2012)

Coin minted by Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (686 or 687, minted in Bishapur), still
mimicking the Sassanid-Persian pattern (effigy of Khosrow II on the obverse, Zoroastrian fire-worship
symbolism on the reverse); on the obverse, on the right, it is inscribed bsm llh (“in the name of God”)
and on the left mhmd rsl llh: “may the one sent by God be desired”
https://www.sixbid-coin-archive.com/#/de/single/l29977613 (attributed to Abd al-
Malik ibn Abd Allah, a “Zubayrid”, who was Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr’s brother-in-law) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 What does “muhammad rasul allah” mean?
• According to the Standard Islamic Narrative :
the “praised one” (Muhammad) is God’s apostle
• According to linguistics and history :
may the one sent by God be desired / coveted / loved (worshipped?)
• Is there a link with the Biblical messianic acclamations?
‐ Ps 118, v26: "Blessed is he who comes in the name of God“
‐ Jesus' entry into Jerusalem: "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord" (Mt
21:9); "Hosanna ["save us", "God saves"]! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the
Lord" (Mk 11:9); "Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord" (Lk 19:38);
"Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel" (Jn 12:12)
‐ "For I tell you, you will not see me from now on until you say: Blessed is he who comes
in the name of the Lord" (Mt 23:39)

• Who is sent by God? The Messiah or the Arab leader? Is the Arab
leader pretending to be a new Messiah, an equivalent to Jesus?
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”
Coins with Christian & Zoroastrian symbolics & Byzantine and Persian empire patterns

Construction of the Third

Temple in Jerusalem

ABDALLAH IBN AL-ZUBAYR

muhammad rasul allah: “may
GHASSANIDS the one sent by God be desired"
muhammad: a new Messianic acclamation for God’s envoy Identification with the Messiah as
precursor? Jesus? a muhammad and as God’s envoy
MUAWIYA
abd allah: "servant of God"
amir al-mu'minin: "commander of the believers"
UTHMAN Intermediary between God and men
Intermediaries between God and men
UMAR bism allah
al-faruq In the name of God
The savior, In the name of God
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 690-696
• Byzantine emperor figure Umayyad fals minted by Abd al-Malik (690-696)
replaced by Abd al Malik
• No more Christian symbols

li-'abd allah 'abd al-malik amir al-mu'minin bism allah la ilah illa allah wahdahu muhammad rasul allah
"For the servant of God, Abd al-Malik, "In the name of God. There is no god but God,
commander of the Believers may the one sent by God be desired".

David Collection, Denmark - https://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/umayyads/coins/c363 www.thegreatsecretofislam.com

 692 (≈)
The copper plaques inscriptions at the Dome
of the Rock attributed to 'Abd al-Malik
Eastern entrance copper plaque - the last two lines
were added by Caliph al-Mamun in the 9th century

"We ask you, O God (...) to bless the

Muhammad [the coveted one, the desired
one], your servant, your prophet, and to accept
his intercession with you for his people "

Northern entrance copper plaque

"Muhammad is the servant of God and His
messenger [May the servant of God and his envoy
be desired], whom He sent with the guidance and
the religion of truth, that He may make it
conqueror of all religion"
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 692
• Byzantine emperor & Umayyad gold dinar (692) minted by Abd al-Malik
sons' figures
• No more Christian symbols

Obverse (front side): Abd al Malik tries to pay tribute A staff with a globe replacing the Byzantine cross,
to Justinian II (669-711 AD) using this (mocking?) copy and inscribed: bism allah la ilah illa allah wahdahu
of a byzantine gold coin picturing Justinian & his two muhammad rasul allah / "In the name of God.
sons (and then they went to war). There is no god but one God, may the one sent by
Note: the three figures are devoid of Christian God be desired”
symbolism (no crosses!)
[Bates, Walker, Miles, Foss & Islamic Awareness]
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Byzantine empire pattern 693-695
• Byzantine emperor figure Umayyad gold dinar (694-695) minted by Abd al-Malik
replaced by Abd al Malik
• No more Christian symbols

Justinian II’s
solidus (1st
reign 692–695)

bism allah la ilah illa allah wahdahu muhammad rasul allah bism allah duriba hadha'l dinar sana khamas wa sab`in
"In the name of God. There is no god but one God, "In the name of God. This dinar was minted in the year 75”
may the one sent by God be desired”
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 690’s → 750

A new power has arisen:

the caliphate

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Persian empire pattern 694-695
• Persian emperor figure & Abd al-Malik
Umayyad drachma (694-695)
• Zoroastrian symbols

Zorastrian
symbolism

bism allah la ilah illa allah wahdahu muhammad rasul allah amir al muminin / “Commander of the Believers"
"In the name of God. There is no god but God unique, khalifat allah / "Lieutenant of God [Caliph]"
may the one sent by God be desired"
https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=3764&lot=2 www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
• Persian empire pattern 694 (≈)
• Persian emperor figure
Umayyad drachma (694-695)
holding a sheathed sword
• Zoroastrian symbols Zorastrian
symbolism

nasr allah:
“God’s help”

Q110,1 When the help of

God comes, and the
victory
Q110,2 and you see the
people entering into
the religion of
God in crowds,
Q110,3 glorify your
Lord with praise, and
ask forgiveness from
Him. Surely, He turns
(in forgiveness).

bism allah la ilah illa allah wahdahu muhammad rasul allah

"In the name of God. There is no god but God unique, amir al muminin / "Commander of the Believers"
may the one sent by God be desired" khalifat allah / "Lieutenant of God [Caliph]"
https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=1937&lot=3 www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 • Byzantine empire pattern 692-700 (≈)
• Byzantine emperor figure
replaced by Abd al Malik
“khalifat Allah” Umayyad fals minted by Abd al-Malik
• No more Christian symbols

https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=1700&lot=112

https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=1700&lot=111
amir al muminin /
khalifat allah
Commander of the Believers" /
"Lieutenant of God [Caliph]”
https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=
1510&lot=122

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=1700&lot=110
• No more Byzantine 697-698
or Persian pattern
• Islamic (or pre- Umayyad dinar minted by Abd al-Malik (697-698)
Islamic) symbols

Centre Centre
la ilah illa allah ahad allah
"no divinity other than..." "God is one. God..."
allah wahdahu al-samad lam yalid
"... God unique" "...is eternal, he has not
la sharik lahu begotten..."
"He has no partner” wa lam yulad
"...nor was it begotten"
(cf. Q112,1-3 & Dome
of the Rock)

In margin In margin
Muhammad rasul allah arsalahu bi'l-huda wa din al-haqq li-yuzhirahu 'ala al-din kullihi: bism allah duriba hadha'l-dinar fi sana thaman wa
"May the Messenger of God be desired who sent him with guidance and the religion of sab’in / "In the name of God, this dinar was
truth so that it may triumph over all other religions" (cf. Q9:33 & Dome of the Rock)) minted in the year 78 [697-698]".
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 One of the very first epigraphic inscriptions to mention Muhammad 699-700
(the first one but for coins and monuments?) dated 699-700, found in 2018 on the Hisma
plateau (North-Western Saudi Arabia, 150-200km from Petra)

‫محمد‬
Muhammad

"O God bless the Muhammad and accept his intercession in his community (*).
And have mercy on us in the Hereafter as you have mercy on us in this world.
And Bakr bin Abi Bakra Al-Aslami wrote at the end of the year 80.”
(*: invocation similar to the inner inscription of the Dome of the Rock "Bless the muḥammad,
your servant, your envoy, and accept his intercession in his community")

The Desert Team (Fariq Al Sahra) - http://alsahra.org/?p=19281

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”
Coins with Christian & Zoroastrian symbolics & Byzantine and Persian empire patterns Coins with pre-Islamic / Islamic symbolism

Construction of the Third Construction of the

Temple in Jerusalem Dome of the Rock

ABD AL-MALIK
khalifat allah: caliph of God
Caliphs of God
ABDALLAH IBN AL-ZUBAYR
muhammad rasul allah: “may
GHASSANIDS the one sent by God be desired"
muhammad: a new Messianic acclamation for God’s envoy Identification with the Messiah as
precursor? Jesus? a muhammad and as God’s envoy
MUAWIYA
abd allah: "servant of God"
amir al-mu'minin: "commander of the believers"
UTHMAN Intermediary between God and men
Intermediaries between God and men
UMAR bism allah
al-faruq In the name of God
The savior, In the name of God
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 740-750
The standing caliph statue from Khirbat al-Mafjar
• Statue found in the Khirbat al Mafjar palace (north of the Dead
Sea), built by Walid II ibn Yazid (744 - †745)

• The statue would have been sculpted under the reign of his
predecessor and uncle, Hisham ibn Abd al Malik (724 - †743)

• Reminiscent of the Abd al-Malik coins

• Whereas Walid II coins abided by Abd al Malik “Islamic”

coinage reformation

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers”
Coins with Christian & Zoroastrian symbolics & Byzantine and Persian empire patterns Coins with pre-Islamic / Islamic symbolism

Construction of the Third Construction of the

Temple in Jerusalem Dome of the Rock

UMAYYADS
Successors of the muhammad
(Abd al-Malik) Successors of Abd al-Malik
ABD AL-MALIK
khalifat allah: caliph of God
Caliphs of God
ABDALLAH IBN AL-ZUBAYR
muhammad rasul allah: “may
GHASSANIDS the one sent by God be desired"
muhammad: a new Messianic acclamation for God’s envoy Identification with the Messiah as
precursor? Jesus? a muhammad and as God’s envoy
MUAWIYA
abd allah: "servant of God"
amir al-mu'minin: "commander of the believers"
UTHMAN Intermediary between God and men
Intermediaries between God and men
UMAR bism allah
al-faruq In the name of God
The savior, In the name of God
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 750 → now

The Abbasid revolution

www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 The Arab leaders claim Jesus’ ”messianic powers” and create Islam
Coins with Christian & Zoroastrian symbolics & Byzantine and Persian empire patterns Coins with pre-Islamic / Islamic symbolism
ABBASIDS
Construction of the Third Construction of the khalifat rasul allah
Temple in Jerusalem Dome of the Rock
Successors of the prophet Muhammad

UMAYYADS
Successors of the muhammad
(Abd al-Malik) Successors of Abd al-Malik Successors of
ABD AL-MALIK
Muhammad
khalifat allah: caliph of God
Caliphs of God
ABDALLAH IBN AL-ZUBAYR
muhammad rasul allah: “may
GHASSANIDS the one sent by God be desired" Identification with the
muhammad: a new Messianic acclamation for God’s envoy Messiah as a muhammad Muhammad
precursor? Jesus? and as God’s envoy sent from God
MUAWIYA
abd allah: "servant of God"
amir al-mu'minin: "commander of the believers"
UTHMAN Intermediary between God and men
Intermediaries between God and men
UMAR bism allah
al-faruq In the name of God
The savior, In the name of God
Historical the redeemer
Muhammad(s)
The savior
mu-hamad (Arabic)
ish-hamudot (Hebrew)
"The man of predilections, ALI & ALIDS
"Jesus speaks through my mouth". SHIITE IMAMS
he who is coveted" "The revelation continues through me”
(Dan 9:23; 10:11; 10:19)
The new Daniel, the forerunner,
the precursor who announces the coming of the Messiah (the Messiah himself ?) www.thegreatsecretofislam.com
 CONCLUSION
Islam emerged from a long political and religious process, deeply rooted in some Jewish (Nazarene-Jewish) and ex-
Christian apocalyptical expectations: there was a plan to trigger the end of times, have Jesus come back, and have
him establish God’s political reign on earth.
The plan failed and Jesus did not come back; the Arab rulers kept on waiting on his return as they gradually took
on his clothes as the Messiah to inaugurate the new messianic times. By claiming to establish God’s political
reign on earth, they in fact no longer needed Jesus, and found other justifications for their power by inventing
the Islamic revelation, and thus the prophetism of Muhammad. The caliphs, starting from Abd al-Malik, slowly
replaced Jesus.
The figure of the "eschatological Jesus", the Jesus of the end of time, has thus been postponed by the Islamic
narrative to another end of time. It could not be completely removed because of the sociocultural collective
memory (cf. the eschatological traditions which still transmit the former expectation of Jesus’ imminent descent
in the 7th century).
Furthermore, Jesus' return has been used by the Standard Islamic Narrative as a “reinforcement” of Islam’s
main hope and goal: should the Muslims fail to establish God’s political reign on earth by themselves, they
can rest assured they will achieve it anyway at the end of times, when Jesus himself will come back, take
command of the Muslim armies (with the Mahdi), conquer the world, slay the Antichrist (al-Masih ad-Dajjal),
and be the judges of all mankind. Deep inside, Muhammad’s religion is actually (and still) Jesus’ religion.
www.thegreatsecretofislam.com