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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15212-1

First edition
1998-10-01

Oscillation-type density meters —

Part 1:
Laboratory instruments
Densimètres à oscillations —
Partie 1: Instruments de laboratoire

A Reference number
ISO 15212-1:1998(E)
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ISO 15212-1:1998(E)

Contents Page

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1

2 Normative references .............................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................ 2

4 Principle and functional units ................................................................................................................................ 2

4.1 Measuring principle .............................................................................................................................................. 2

4.2 Functional units .................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Density sensor ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.1 Sensor material ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Sensor design ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

6 Requirements and tests .......................................................................................................................................... 4

6.1 Oscillation system ................................................................................................................................................ 4

6.2 Temperature control and measurement ............................................................................................................. 5

6.3 Displays ................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.4 Auxiliary units and data transfer......................................................................................................................... 7

6.5 Safety requirements ............................................................................................................................................. 8

6.6 Electromagnetic compatibility............................................................................................................................. 8

7 Adjustment ............................................................................................................................................................... 8

8 Calibration ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

8.1 Density reference liquids ..................................................................................................................................... 8

8.2 Particular density reference liquids .................................................................................................................... 9

8.3 Calibration requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 9

8.4 Calibration procedure........................................................................................................................................... 9

© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet [email protected]
Printed in Switzerland

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© ISO ISO 15212-1:1998(E)

9 Density meter accuracy ........................................................................................................................................ 10

10 Manual .................................................................................................................................................................. 10

11 Marking ................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Annex A (normative) Density and compressibility of pure water ........................................................................ 12

Annex B (normative) Density of moist air .............................................................................................................. 17

Annex C (informative) Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 20

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ISO 15212-1:1998(E) © ISO

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

International Standard ISO 15212-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 48, Laboratory glassware and
related apparatus, Subcommittee SC 4, Density measuring instruments.

ISO 15212 consists of the following parts, under the general title Oscillation-type density meters:

 Part 1: Laboratory instruments

 Part 2: Process instruments for liquids

Annexes A and B form an integral part of this part of ISO 15212. Annex C is for information only.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 15212-1:1998(E)

Oscillation-type density meters —

Part 1:
Laboratory instruments

1 Scope
This part of ISO 15212 specifies metrological and other requirements for oscillation-type density meters which are used
in laboratories for all kinds of homogeneous fluid samples. In addition, a method for adjustment and calibration of
laboratory instruments is given. The instruments are either stand-alone units or part of more complex measuring
equipment supplying additional test parameters of the sample.

This part of ISO 15212 does not describe the method of use of density meters for particular applications or products
such as petroleum products or beverages. Such methods of use can be defined by relevant institutions such as ISO or
responsible government agencies.

This part of ISO 15212 does not define an instrument specification for any particular application. For this information
reference should be made to the relevant standard covering the method of use.

This part of ISO 15212 is addressed to manufacturers of density meters and to bodies testing and certifying the
conformity of density meters. In addition, this part of ISO 15212 gives recommendations for adjustment and calibration
of density meters by the user.

2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO 15212. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 15212 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.

ISO 3585:1998, Borosilicate glass 3.3 — Properties.

ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods.

IEC 61010-1:1990, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use — Part 1:
General requirements.

IEC 61326-1:1997, Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use — EMC requirements — Part 1:
General requirements.

IEC 61326-1:—1), Amendment 1.

1) To be published.

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ISO 15212-1:1998(E) © ISO

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 15212, the following definitions apply.

NOTE The definitions and terms used are in agreement with the "International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in
Metrology".

3.1
adjustment (of a density meter)
operation of bringing the instrument to a state of performance suitable for its use, by setting or adjusting the density
instrument constants

NOTE By adjustment, systematic measuring deviations are removed to an extent which is necessary for the provided
application. Adjustment demands an intervention which permanently modifies the instrument.

3.2
calibration (of a density meter)
set of operations that establishes the relationship between the reference density of standards and the
corresponding density reading of the instrument

NOTE By calibration, no intervention is made which permanently modifies, for example, the instrument constants set
during the adjustment procedure.

3.3
parasitic resonant points (of a density meter)
those oscillation frequencies at which the natural frequency of the density sensor is affected by oscillations of the
"counter mass", comprising the rest of the instrument

4 Principle and functional units

4.1 Measuring principle

The sensors used in density meters are electrically or mechanically induced oscillating systems, whose oscillation
frequencies or periods are a function of the sample density. Depending on the sensor design, the sensor can either
contain the fluid sample or be immersed in it. Instrument constants of the adjusted density meter are used to calculate
the sample density from the oscillation frequency or oscillation period.

4.2 Functional units

Oscillation-type density meters shall consist of the following functional units:

a) a density sensor capable of either being filled with the sample or of being immersed in it;

b) a device to excite and control sensor oscillation;

c) a device to determine and display the density and the oscillation frequency or period;

d) a device to determine and display the sample temperature for which the measured density is valid;

e) a system to detect and display malfunctions and operator errors.

The functional units a) to c) are designated as the oscillation system. In addition, oscillation-type density meters can
incorporate the following functional units:

f) a unit for controlling the temperature of the sample and density sensor;

g) sampling devices;

h) sensor cleaning devices.

All functional units a) to h) can be integrated into a single instrument or can be separate units.

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© ISO ISO 15212-1:1998(E)

Key
A Density sensor (4.2a) D Temperature measurement (4.2d)
B Excitation transmitter (4.2b) E Functional monitoring (4.2e)
C Signal evaluation (4.2c)

Figure 1 — Functional units of a density meter

5 Density sensor

5.1 Sensor material

Density sensor materials can be, for example, borosilicate glass 3.3 in accordance with ISO 3585, metal, metal alloys
or plastics. The material is considered to be suitable if it shows in resistance tables the highest class of resistance
against the samples to be measured and the cleaning agents to be used in the density meter. Erosion as well as
special forms of corrosion shall be considered in this respect. Where there is no literature or practical data available,
the resistance of the sensor material should be tested as follows.

a) Weigh a clean and dry test piece identical to the sensor material. The maximum permissible error of the
balance shall not exceed 0,01 % of the test-piece mass.

b) Immerse the test piece in the fluid to be measured with the sensor, under the intended measuring conditions,
e.g. temperature and pressure.

c) After 12 h remove, clean, dry and weigh the test piece.

The sensor material is considered to be resistant if the mass of the test piece is changed by the test procedure by
less than + 0,05 %.

5.2 Sensor design

Density sensors can be designed as straight, U-formed or omega-formed tubes. Other designs are tuning-forks,
cylinders, bells or membranes. All designs which conform to the functional principle in accordance with 4.1 can be
constructed.

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ISO 15212-1:1998(E) © ISO

6 Requirements and tests

All the tests of clause 6 are intended to be type tests.

6.1 Oscillation system

6.1.1 Drift

6.1.1.1 Within 24 h, the drift of the displayed density ∆ρ24 at a constant temperature of 20 °C shall not exceed 1 %
of the maximum permissible error specified by the manufacturer of the instrument.

If the density meter is not designed for a measuring temperature of 20 °C, the drift at the mean measuring temperature
of the density meter shall not exceed 5 % of the specified maximum permissible error.

6.1.1.2 Switch on the instrument and allow the temperature to equilibrate for 24 h.

Adjust the instrument (see clause 7) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Fill the instrument three times and measure the density of water of Grade 2 in accordance with ISO 3696 at
(20 + 0,1) °C. Record the mean value of the threefold measurement ρ1.

Repeat the measurement (without a new adjustment) and repeat the mean value calculation ρ2 after a minimum of
10 days. The instrument and thermostating device shall be in operation during the whole test procedure.

To calculate the drift, use the following equation:

r 2 - r1
Dr 24 =
Dt

where ∆t is the difference in days between the two threefold measurements.

If the density meter is not designed for a measuring temperature of 20 °C, testing shall be performed at the mean
measuring temperature of the density meter.

6.1.2 Effect of sample viscosity

6.1.2.1 The oscillation system shall be constructed in such a way that the maximum permissible errors conform to
the requirements of clause 9 when measuring samples of different viscosities and, where appropriate, with different
sound velocities.

6.1.2.2 Use Newtonian liquids of known densities and viscosities as well as, where appropriate, known densities and
sound velocities which suit the intended application of the density meter. The liquids shall be non-corrosive to the
materials of the density sensor. Testing shall be performed in accordance with clause 9.

6.1.3 Deviation between sample and sensor temperatures

6.1.3.1 The oscillation system shall be constructed and built in such a way that the deviation between sample
temperature and sensor temperature at the moment of display of the result does not exceed the values given in 6.2.

6.1.3.2 Check the displayed density of the instrument over a defined time period. For this

 switch on the instrument and set the measurement temperature to 20 °C;

 attemperate the instrument for 24 h;

 precondition to 30 °C a reference liquid with high thermal density dependency;

 fill the density sensor with the preconditioned reference liquid.