FACTORIZATION OF POLYNOMIALS

BINOMIAL TRINOMIAL POLYNOMIAL Solving Quadratic

Equations by Factoring

1 Step Special Case 1 Step Multistep Special Case 3 Steps Multistep

1. Find Common Factor of

1. Find Common Difference of Squares 1. Find Common Perfect Squares one group of terms. 1. Write in Standard Form:
Factor and Simplify Factor and Simplify Trinomials 2. Find Common Factor of ax^2 + bx + c = 0
the other group. 2. If term “c” not present,
3. If the result has a common then c = 0; ax^2 + bx = 0
factor as well, factor it out. 3. If not in Standard Form,
Ex: 2x^2 - 16x a^2 - b^2 = (a + b)(a - b) Ex: r^3s^2 - 4r^4s + 7r^5 a^2 + 2ab + b^2 = (a + b)^2 re-arrange algebraically to
2x 2x = r^3(s^2 - 4rs + 7r^2) a^2 - 2ab + b^2 = (a - b)^2 get the final form.
= x - =8 Ex: 25x^2 - 16 4. Purpose is to find the
= 2x(x - 8) (5x)(5x)= 25x^2 | (4)(4) = 16 Ex: ax + 2a + 4bx + 8b value of the two “x”, which
= (5x + 4)(5x - 4) Form x^2 + bx + c Form ax^2 + bx + c = a(x + 2) + 4b(x + 2) are called the two roots.
= (x + 2)(a + 4b) 5. Factor the trinomial and
then equal both resulting
terms to 0.
1. Divide the square of the 6. Solve for x on both
Note: Both signs positive: first factor into two terms to find their x
If a Polynomial is Prime, parenthesis. (x )(x ) values, the two roots.
it cannot be further 2. Find two numbers that
factorized, it’s in its multiply to the last number, Form Coefficient(x^2 + bx + c) 1. Find the factors of the first term By Grouping
simplest form. Ex: x^2 + 17x + 30 and sum to the middle and last term.
= (x + )(x + ) number. 2. By trial and error find the correct
combination so that when you Ex: 2x^2 + 13x - 7 = 0
-> 30 ———-> 17 3. Order the numbers -> Purpose is to make the (2x - 1)(x + 7) = 0
3 x 10 —> 3 + 10 = 13 (here usually larger first) 1. Find Common Factor multiply the Inner Numbers and
and simplify to have a Outer Numbers, these products add trinomial a 4 term polynomial, 2x - 1 = 0 | x + 7 = 0
5 x 6 —> 5 + 6 = 11 and their signs group the terms and continue 2x = 1
2 x 15 —> 2 + 15 = 17 appropriately so that when factor multiplied by a to the middle number (coefficient).
trinomial in the form of x^2 -> ax^2 + bx + c = (ax + d)(x + e) -> factoring like a polynomial. x = 1/2 | x = -7
= (x + 15)(x + 2) multiplied it equals the 1. Find a number that when
original polynomial. + bx + c. d+ae = b
2. Do the same steps for 3. Make sure you have the correct added give the middle term
form x^2+ bx +c. signs as to get the original and each new number can
(Or form ax^2 + bx + c, if polynomial when you multiply. be factored with the other
applicable) terms in the polynomial (one
1st positive, 2nd 1st negative, 2nd Both signs negative: for each group).
negative sign: positive sign: 2. Make that middle term two
Ex: 3^2 - x - 14 terms.
= (3x - )(x + ) and factors of 3. Find the Common Factor
Ex: y^2 + 17y - 60 Ex: x^2 - 11x + 18 Ex: x^2 - 5x - 24 Ex: 3x^2 + 45x + 150 14 = 1x14 or 2x7 of group 1 and group 2 and
= (y )(y ) = (x - )(x - ) = (x )(x ) = 3(x^2 + 15x + 50) ->The Sum of (Inner product + factor them out.
-> - 60 ———> 17 -> 18 ——> -11 -> -24 ———> -5 -> 50 ———> 15 Outer product) must give middle 4. If the result has a common
-6 x 10 —> -6 + 10 = 4 -9x-2 —> -9+-2 = 11 -8 x 3 —> -8 + 3 = -5 10 x 5 —> 10 + 5 = 15 term, -x: factor as well, factor it out.
-3 x 20 —> -3 + 20 = 17 = (x - 9)(x - 2) = (x - 8)(x + 3) = 3(x + 10)(x + 5) -> Options:
= (y + 20)(y - 3) (3x - 1)(x + 14) -> -1 + 42 = 41
(3x - 14)(x + 1) -> -14 + 3 = -11
(3x - 2)(x + 7) -> -2 + 21 = 19 Ex: 2x^2 + 13x + 20
(3x - 7)(x + 2) -> -7 + 6 = -1 -> 13 = 5 + 8,
= Correct answer: Group 1: 5 and 20 can be
(3x - 7)(x + 2) factored by 5,
Group 2: 8 and 2 can be
factored by 2
= 2x^2 + 5x + 8x + 20
x x 4 4
= 2x =5 =2x =5
= x(2x + 5) + 4(2x + 5)
=(2x + 5)(x + 4)