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PROBABILITY
AND
COUNTING PRINCIPLE

GRADE 12
WORKSHEET
EMAILBY
ADDRESS: [email protected]
MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGHNUMBER: 0733318802 Page 1
CELLPHONE
 1.VENN DIAGRAM
On each one shade one of the following:

1. Not N 2. P and M and N 3.N or M or P Either N or M or P

it is called____________ it is called____________

4.M 5. M only 6. Not (N or M or P)

Neither N nor M nor P

7. Not (N and M) 8. At exactly 2 choices 9. At least 2 choice

10. P and M 11.( P and M )only 12 (P' and M)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 2

 PROBABILITY
GRADE 12

CONCEPTS TO BE COVERED

1. DRAW VENN DIAGRAM( 3 EVENTS)

2. RULES FOR EVENTS( Mutual exclusive events,
complementary events)
3. INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDANT EVENTS
4. DRAW AND USE TREE DIAGRAMS
5. USE CONTINGENCY TABLE TO SOLVE
PROBLEMS
6. NEW COUNTING PRINCIPLE (Arrangement &
factorial notation, dealing with repetitions including
digits, limited spaces to be filled and Probability

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 3

 1. VENN DIAGRAM

 It is a diagram used to represent relationship between different events using circles.

 HOW TO DRAW IT?
 1ST Draw rectangle, labeled circles inside and write sample space at the corner
 START with intersection……or “only” events….or outside union events.
 Fill in the remaining parts by SUBTRACTION from INTERSECTION, for the
remaining parts use the information about the intersection.

QUESTION 1(2011 NOV P3)

Complaints about a restaurant fell into three main categories: the menu (M), the
food (F) and the service (S). In total 173 complaints were received in a certain
month. The complaints were as follows:

• 110 complained about the menu.

• 55 complained about the food.

• 67 complained about the service.

• 20 complained about the menu and the food, but not the service.

• 11 complained about the menu and the service, but not the food.

• 16 complained about the food and the service, but not the menu.

• The number who complained about all three is unknown.

1.1 Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the above information. (6)

1.2 Determine the number of people who complained about ALL THREE

Categories. (3)

1.3 Determine the probability that a complaint selected at random from those

Received, complained about AT LEAST TWO of the categories (that is. menu,
food and service). (3)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 4

QUESTION 2(GR12 2010 FEB/MARCH P3)

At a school for boys there are 240 learners in Grade 12. The following information
was gathered about participation in school sport.
 122 boys play rugby (R)
 58 boys play basketball (B)
 96 boys play cricket (C)
 16 boys play all three sports
 22 boys play rugby and basketball
 26 boys play cricket and basketball
 26 boys do not play any of these sports
 Let the number of learners who play rugby and cricket only be x.
2.1 Draw a Venn diagram to represent the above information. (4)
2.2 Determine the number of boys who play rugby and cricket. (3)
2.3 Determine the probability that a learner in Grade 12 selected at random:
(Leave your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)
2.3.1 Only plays basketball. (2)
2.3.2 Does not play cricket. (2)
2.3.3 Participates in at least two of these sports. (2)
2.3.4 Participates only one of Rugby or Basketball or Cricket (2)
2.3.5 Participates in Cricket and Basketball (2)
2.3.6 Participates in Cricket and basketball only (2)
2.3.7 Participates in neither Rugby nor Basketball nor Cricket (2)
2.3.8 Participates in not Rugby and Basketball (2)
2.3.9 Participates in basketball (2)
2.3.10 Participates in at most two sports. (2)
2.3.11 Participates in all three sports (2)
2.3.12 Participates in either Rugby or Basketball or Cricket (2)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 5

QUESTION 3(2017 NOV P1)
A survey was conducted among 100 Grade 12 learners about their use of
Instagram (I), Twitter and Whatsapp (W) on their cell phones. The
survey revealed the following:

 8 use all three.

 12 use Instagram and twitter
 5 use Twitter and Whatsapp, but not Instagram.
 use Instagram and Whatsapp, but not Twitter.
 61 use Instagram.
 19 use Twitter.
 73 use Whatsapp
 14 use none of these applications

3.1 Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the information above. (4)

3.2 Calculate the value of (2)

3.3 Calculate the probability that a learner, chosen randomly, uses

ONE of these applications. (2)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 6

QUESTION 4(2013 EXAMPLER GR11 P1)

A group of 33 learners was surveyed at a school. The following information from

the survey is given:

• 2 learners play tennis, hockey and netball

• 5 learners play hockey and netball

• 7 learners play hockey and tennis

• 6 learners play tennis and netball

• A total of 18 learners play hockey

• A total of 12 learners play tennis

• 4 learners play netball ONLY

4.1 A Venn diagram representing the survey results is given below. Use the

information provided to determine the values of a, b, c, d and e.

4.2 How many of these learners do not play any of the sports on the survey (that is
netball, tennis or hockey)? (1)
4.3 Write down the probability that a learner selected at random from this
Sample plays netball ONLY. (1)
4.4 Determine the probability that a learner selected at random from this sample
Plays hockey or netball. (1)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 7

QUESTION 5(2018 SEPTEMBER GR11 P1)

A survey was carried out among 100 learners about movies they have watched
recently. The results are given below:
 43 watched Braven (B)
 41 watched Hereditary (H)
 50 watched the Kissing Booth (K)
 6 watched all 3 movies
 7 watched Braven and the Kissing Booth but not Hereditary
 18 watched Hereditary and the Kissing Booth
 15 watched only Hereditary
The above information is represented in the Venn diagram below

5.1 Write down the values of , , , and in the Venn diagram above. (3)

5.2 Calculate the probability that a learner that selected at random from this group

has not watched Braven or Hereditary or The Kissing Booth (3)

5.3 Calculate the probability that a learner selected at random from this group has

Watched at least 2 of these movies (3)

5.4 Calculate the probability that a learner selected at random from this group has

Watched of (K' and B) (3)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 8

QUESTION 6

A survey of 80 students at a local library indicated the reading preferences below:

 44 read the National Geographic magazine(N)

 33 read the Getaway magazine(G)
 39 read the Leadership magazine
 23 read both National Geographic and Leadership magazies
 19 read both Getaway and Leadership magazines
 9 read all three magazines
 69 read at least one magazine

6.1 How many students did not read any magazine?

6.2 let the number of students who read National Geographic and
Getaway, but not Leadership, be represented by . Draw a Venn
diagram to represent reading preferences

6.3 Hence show that th

6.4 What is the probability , correct to THREE decimal places, that a

student selected at random will read at least two of the three
magazines?

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 9

 2. RULES

 IDENTITY RULE(main rule) P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)

 But for MUTUAL EXCLUSIVE events it is where by there is no
intersection between events (P(A and B) = 0)
MUTUAL EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

 COMPLEMENTARY EVENTS
 P(A) + P(B) = 1
 P(not A) t P(A ) t 1 P(A) t P(B)
 P(not B) t P(B ) t 1 P(B) t P(A)
 NEW…..INDEPENENT EVENTS
 P(A and B) t P(A) P(B)
1. A and B are mutually exclusive events. If it is given that the P(A) = 0,35 and P(B) = 0,52
determine:
1.1 P(A )
1.2 P(A and B)
1.3 P(A or B)

2. If P(A) = and P(B) = , calculate P(A or B) if :

2.1 A and B are mutually exclusive events.

2.2 A and B are independent events.
3. Given : P(A) = 0,7
P(B ) = 0,6 and P(A and B) = 0,3
3.1 Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the probabilities
3.2 Calculate P(A or B)
3.3 Calculate P(A and B)
4. Two events , A and B are such that:
 P(A) = 0,3
 P(A or B) = 0,58

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 10

  P(not B) = 0,58
4.1 Determine P( A and B)
4.2 Are events A and B independent? Motivate with calculations.
5. M and K are two events. If P(K) = 0,5 P(K and M) = 0,2 and
P(not k and not M) = 0,3
5.1 Draw a Venn diagram to represent the above events
5.2 Are events M and K independent or not. Explain.
6. For two events, A and B, it is given that:
P (A) = 0, 2
P (B) = 0, 63
P (A and B) = 0,126

6.1 Are the events, A and B independent? Justify your answer with

appropriate calculations.

7. Let A and B be two events in a sample space. Suppose that P (A) = 0, 4

P(A or B) = 0,7 and P(B) = k.

a) For what value of k are A and B mutually exclusive?

b) Write down the probability of A and B if two events are mutually exclusive.
c) Write down the value of P(A) + P(B)= if two events are complementary.
d) For what value k are A and B independent?
8. Given that A and B are independent events. Determine the values of x and y if:
P(B only) = 0,3
P(A and B) = 0,2
P(A only) = x
P(not A or B) = y
9. Given that A and B are mutually exclusive events. The probability that event A occurs is 0.55.
The probability that event B does not occur is 0.7.
Calculate P(A or B)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 11

 3. TREE DIAGRAM

1. A box contains 8 red marbles and 10 blue marbles. Two marbles are selected
randomly, one after the other, without replacement.
a) Draw a tree diagram to represent all outcomes of the above information
b) Determine the probability that:
(i) Both marbles are red
(ii) At least one marble is blue
(iii) A red and a blue marble were selected in that order
2. There are 20 boys and 15 girls in a class. The teacher chooses individual
learners at random to deliver a speech.
a) Calculate the probability that the first learner chosen is a boy.
b) Draw a tree diagram to represent the situation if the teacher chooses three learners,
one after the other. Indicate on your diagram ALL possible outcomes.
c) Calculate the probability that a boy, then a girl and then another boy is chosen in that
order.
d) Calculate the probability that all three learners chosen are girls.
e) Calculate the probability that at least one of the learners chosen is a boy.

3. In all South African schools, EVERY learner must choose to do either Mathematics or
Mathematical Literacy.

At a certain South African school, it is known that 60% of the learners are girls. The
probability that a randomly chosen girl at the school does Mathematical Literacy is 55%. The
probability that a randomly chosen boy at the school does Mathematical Literacy is 65%.
a) Determine the probability that a learner selected at random from this school does
Mathematics.

4. A bag contains 6 red balls, 8 green balls and unknown number of yellow balls. The
probability of randomly choosing a green ball from the bag is 25%
a) Show that there are 32 balls in the bag
b) A ball is drawn from the bag , the colour is recorded and is not returned to the bag.
Thereafter another ball is drawn from the bag, the colour is recorded and it is also not
returned to the bag.
Draw a tree diagram to represent ALL the possible ways in which the two balls could
have been drawn from the bag. Show the probabilities associated with EACH branch
as well as the outcomes
c) Calculate the probability that 2 balls drawn from the bag will have the same colour.
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 12
 4. CONTINGENCY TABLE

 It is a table in a matrix format that displays the frequency distribution of variables. A

display format to analyses and record the relationship between two or more categorical
variables.
 BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER ( SAMPLE SPACE)
 TO PROVE INDEPENDENT
 E.g GENDER. 1st P(Male) P(like..)
2nd P(Male and Like..)
3rd Compare and check if there are equal.

1. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

Like Sport Do not like TOTAL

Sport
MALES(M) 80 b c
FEMALES(F) a 90 d
TOTALS 200 150 350

a) Write down the values of a, b, c and d.

b) Determine number of people who are males.
c) Determine the probability that a person selected at random is…
i. Like sport
ii. Female and like sport
iii. A male
d) Is the event of Do not like sport independent of being Female
e) Does the event like a sport independent of gender? Show all
working through calculations.

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 13

 6. NEW GR12 FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING PRINCIPLE
A) ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECTS

 Fundamental counting principle – Quick way to calculate possible outcomes using multiplication
It states that “ if you have choices(events), each have different outcomes you can find the total number
of outcomes by multiplying number of outcomes in each event.

EXAMPLE 1 (ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECTS)

Meal can be made up as follow:
Choice 1: Beef, chicken or fish
Choice 2: Rice, mash, backed potatoes, vegetables or chips
How many different meal can be made?
Answer: Choice 1 has 3 outcomes and choice 2 has 5 outcomes
Total t 3 5 t h meal can be made

EXAMPLE 2 (ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECTS or FORM LETTERS)

Consider the word MUNSTER
You are required to make 7 letter word using the given word, E.g MNSTERU or RUNSTERM
word doesn’t have to make sance all the time.
How many arrangements can be made if:
(a) Letters may be repeated? Answer: 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 t
(b) Letters may not be repeated? Answer: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 t h h
Repeat the above questions now use word MATRIC to form 6 letter word
6 5 4 3 2 1 t t h this can be written as 6! And it is called 6 factorial (!)

FACTORIAL NOTATION - Method used to find outcomes for objects without repeat. It can
be found in a calculator  ( press shift then )
hࢅ t 5 4 3 2 1 t h
ࢅt t t h h

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 14

EXAMPLE 3 ( ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECT IN A ROW)
In one of the schools in grade 12, there is a group of three boys and two girls.
(a) In how many ways can three boys and two girls sit in a row?
(b) In how many ways can they sit in a row if a boy and his girlfriend must sit together?
(c) In how many ways can they sit in a row if the boys and girls are each to sit together?
(d) In how many ways can they sit in a row if just the girls are to sit together?
(e) In how many ways can they sit in a row if just the boys are to sit together?
(f) In how many ways can they sit in a row if the boys and girls are to alternate?
(g) In how many ways can they sit if two people insisting to seat next to each other?
(h) In how many ways can they sit if two people refuse to seat next to each other?
ANSWERS
(a) 5 spaces/seating arrangement and 5 people to occupy obvious people can’t be repeated
ࢅt 5 4 3 2 1 t h
(b) (BG or GB) treat couples as 1 entry. NOW 4 seating arrangement 2! Ways for couple 3! Ways
for other people. 4 (2! 3!) t 48 arrangement. No.of arrangement(! ways choice1 ! ways for choice2
BG ___ ___ ___ ___ ALTERNATIVE = 2! 4! =48
(c) (BBBGG or GGBBB) NOW 2 seating arrangement 3! Ways for boys 2! Ways for girls
2 (3! 2!) t 24 arrangement. BBBGG
(d) GG ___ ___ ____ girls are fixed as a condition boys are to be arranged
NOW 4 seating arrangement 2! Ways for girls 3! Ways for boys 4(2! 3!) t 48 arrangement.
(e) BBB ___ ___ boys are fixed as a condition girls are to be arranged.
NOW 3 seating arrangement 3! Ways for boys 2! Ways for girls 3(3! 2!) t 36 arrangement.
(f) BGBGB only can’t be GBGBB
NOW 1 seating arrangement 3! Ways for boys 2! Ways for girls 1(3! 2!) t 12 arrangement.
(g)  ___ ___ ____ 2 people are fixed as a condition 3 are to be arranged
NOW 4 seating arrangement 2! Ways for 2 people 3! Ways for other 3
4(2! 3!) t 48 arrangement.
(h) HIGHER ORDER Total arrangement arrangement if they seat together. What will be
left is arrangement if they can’t seat next to each other.
ANSWER: 5! (48) t t

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 15

EXAMPLE 4 ( ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECT IN A ROW)
The letters of the word DECIMAL are randomly arranged into a new 'word', also consisting of seven
letters. How many different arrangements are possible if:
(a) Letters may be repeated. ANSWER:
(b) Letters may not be repeated ANSWER:
(c) The arrangements must start with a vowel and end in a consonant and no repetition of letters
is allowed.
ANSWER: 1st position have to choose amongst 3 vowels (E, I, A) . In last position you need to choose
amongst 4 consonants. So 1st and last positions are filled it means we are left with 5 letters to be
placed, remember No repeat, start with restriction and then fill spaces left.
3 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 4
h t h

EXAMPLE 5 ( ARRANGEMENT OF LETTERS + CODES NUMBER PLATE )

Gauteng province years ago had their own way of writing number plates in cars that was (3 letters for A Z
excluding vowel (A,E,I,O,U) and Q and then 3 numbers from (0 to 9) repetition was allowed
e.g T S Y 8 4 5 GP or R B Z 2 5 8 GP GP is just an indication of the province.
In December 2010 Gauteng government noticed that province is expected to run out of numbers to allocate
under the old system. Gauteng government then introduced new licence -plate system. Same letters are used
but now in different format.
NEW TWO LETTERS TWO DIGITS TWO LETTERS
e.g DH 20 CH GP CC 11 PT GP RG 45 KL GP
(a) How many possible number plates were there with the old system?
(b) How many number plates are there with the new system?
(c) Why do you think that the Traffic Department changed to the new system using combinations?
ANSWERS
(a) h h h h h ht hhh hhh
(b) h h h h h ht hhh hhh
(c) Any relevant answer related to cover more range of cars without reaching limit.

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 16

B) DEALING WITH REPETITION IN LETTERS
In previous example of word MUNSTER there was no letter repeated, NOW we’ll deal with words with
repeated letters, FIXED letters- become removed automatically from arrangements
EXAMPLE 6 ( DEALING WITH REPETITION) e.g BOB
Consider the word PROBABILITY. How many arrangement can be made if
(a) Repeated letters are treated as different (distinguishable) letters? ANSWER: 11! t 䁐䁐
(b) Repeated letters are treated as identical (indistinguishable) letters? ANSWER: ! for total letters
divide with ! of repeated letters. 1 P, 1 R, 1 O, 2 B’s, 1 A, 2 I’s, 1 L, 1 T, 1 Y = 11 letters. Since we
know same letters Divide with factorial for the same letter because it doesn’t make sance at all to
arrange letters that you know exactly that are the same that will not make any difference.
ࢅ
Number of arrangements t ࢅ ࢅ
t hhth hh

(c) If start with letter B? ANSWER:

B is fixed now so no longer to be arranged B __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ only 10 letters to be
arranged now. ANSWER: 1 P, 1 R, 1 O, 1 B’s, 1 A, 2 I’s, 1 L, 1 T, 1 Y = 10 B is no longer
hࢅ
repeated now only I that is repeated Number of arrangements t ࢅ
t hh

EXAMPLE 7 ( DEALING WITH REPETITION)

Consider the word NEEDED. How many arrangement can be made if:
(a) Repeated letter treated as identical? ANSWER: Take total ! and divide with ! for repeated letters
ࢅ
since no repetition allowed 1 N’s 3 E’s 2 D’s = 6 letters t h arrangements .
ࢅ ࢅ
(b) If start and end with the same letter?
ANSWER: Those letters are fixed. Two possibilities D __ __ __ __D or E __ __ __ __ E
ࢅ
 Start with D and End with D number of arrangement t ࢅ
t 3 E’s repeated
ࢅ
 Start with E and End with E number of arrangement t ࢅ
t 3 D’s Repeated
ࢅ ࢅ
Total t ࢅ ࢅ
t t arrangement.

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 17

C) DEALING WITH LIMITED SPACE
 It is where now spaces are less than objects to be place, or letter to be formed is less than the given
letter. FACTORIAL don’t work , numbers can’t start with zero.
EXAMPLE 8 ( DEALING WITH LIMITED SPACES)
(a) Idols is one of the most favorite SA talent TV show. There are 12 different singers that are hoping to
occupy the first three places in SA Idols. In how many different ways can the first three places be
occupied?
ANSWER: 12 11 10 t1320
Factorial cannot be used direct because now spaces are limited. To use factorial
ࢅ
12 11 10 t hࢅ
t1320 total! Divided by ! spaces left after fill.

(b) Given the word NUMBERS.

i) How many 7-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may be repeated?
ii) How many 7-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may not be repeated?
iii) How many 4-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may be repeated?
iv) How many 4-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may not be repeated?
ANSWERS:
i) 7 t t t t t t t 823453
ii) 7 t tࢅ t5040
iii) 7 t t t t 2401
tࢅ
iv) 7 t
ࢅ
t h

(c) Given digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8

i) How many 4-digit different codes are possible if the digits may be repeated?
ii) How many 4-digit different codes are possible if the digits may not be repeated?
iii) How many 4- digit codes are numbers that are greater than or equal to 4 000 and are exactly
divisible by 2? The digits may be repeated.
iv) How many 3-digit different codes are possible if numbers are greater than 400 but less than 700
and divisible by 5 the digits may be repeated?
v) How many 3-digit different codes are possible if numbers are greater than 400 and divisible by 5
the digits may be repeated?

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 18

ANSWERS:
i) 9 h h h t 6561 sometimes there are 9 numbers can’t start with 0 at the beginning that’s why 8
ii) 9 t t 3024
iii) 5 h h t h 5 numbers to start 4000 (4,5,6,7 &8) , 2 middle spaces any number
from 9 numbers, 5 numbers that are divisible by 2 (0,2,4,6,8)
iv) h t 3 numbers to start 400 but (4,5,& 6) , 1 middle spaces any
number from 9 numbers, 2 numbers that are divisible by 5 (0,5)
v) h t t To answer this, last digit can’t be 0 so - 1 arrangement for 0
NOW TRY: NOVEMBER 2018

D) DEALING WITH PROBABILITIES

It is where by we calculate probability for the given condition. ‫ܗ܌ܖ ܗ‬ t
‫ ֠ܗ ܗ‬玐‫ⲙر‬ ‫ ܌‬玐 ‫܋ ܗ‬
‫܌ܗ‬玐 玐‫ⲙر‬ ⲙ玐 ‫ܖ‬ ⲙ‫ܖ‬玐

EXAMPLE 9 ( DEALING WITH PROBABILITIES)

hh
(a) From example 6 c. Calculate the probability ANWER : ⲙ‫܌‬玐 ‫܌‬ ‫⿏܌‬ t hhth hh
t

(b) Given the word MISSISSIPPI

i) Determine the number of different ways that the letters can be arranged if repetition of letters is
not allowed. ANSWER: 1 M’s, 4 I’s, 4 S’s, 2 P’s = 11 letters
ࢅ
Number of arrangements t ࢅ ࢅ ࢅ
t h

ii) What is the probability that the word start with an M? Start with calculation of number of
arrangements when starting with M then divide with sample space that is already calculated in (i)
M is fixed now so no longer to be arranged M __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ only 10 letters to be
arranged now. ANSWER: 4 I’s, 4 S’s, 2 P’s = 11 letters
hࢅ
Number of arrangements t ࢅ ࢅ ࢅ
t h
h
NOW ⲙ‫܌‬玐 ‫܌‬ ‫⿏܌‬ t t
h

THE END OF HIGH SCHOOL PROBABILITY BYE

SEE YOU @ UNIVERSITY

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 19

 PROBABILITY
AND
COUNTING PRINCIPLE

GRADE 12
PAST EXAM PAERS
EMAILBY
ADDRESS: [email protected]
MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGHNUMBER: 0733318802 Page 20
CELLPHONE
QUESTION 1 (FEB/MARCH 2010)
P(A) t and P(B) t h.
Calculate P(A or B) if:
1.1 A and B are mutually exclusive events. (2)
1.2 A and B are independent events. (3)
[5]
QUESTION 2 (FEB/MARCH 2010)
At a school for boys there are 240 learners in Grade 12. The following information was
gathered about participation in school sport.

 122 boys play rugby (R)

 58 boys play basketball (B)
 96 boys play cricket (C)
 16 boys play all three sports
 22 boys play rugby and basketball
 26 boys play cricket and basketball
 26 boys do not play any of these sports
Let the number of learners who play rugby and cricket only be
2.1 Draw a Venn diagram to represent the above information. (4)
2.2 Determine the number of boys who play rugby and cricket. (3)
2.3 Determine the probability that a learner in Grade 12 selected at random:
(Leave your answer correct to THREE decimal places.)
2.3.1 Only plays basketball. (2)
2.3.2 Does not play cricket. (2)
2.3.3 Participates in at least two of these sports. (2)
[13]
QUESTION 3 (FEB/MARCH 2010) (Counting principle)
A South African band is planning a concert tour with performances in Durban, East
London, Port Elizabeth, Cape Town, Bloemfontein, Johannesburg and Polokwane.
In how many different ways can they arrange their itinerary if:
3.1 There are no restrictions (2)
3.2 The first performance must be in Cape Town and the last performance must be
in Polokwane (3)
3.3 The performances in the four coastal cities (the cities close to the sea or ocean)
must be grouped together?
[9]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 21

QUESTION 4 (NOVEMBER 2010)
A school organised a camp for their 103 Grade 12 learners. The learners were asked to indicate
their food preferences for the camp. They had to choose from chicken, vegetables and fish.

The following information was collected:

 2 learners do not eat chicken, fish or vegetables
 5 learners eat only vegetables
 2 learners only eat chicken
 21 learners do not eat fish
 3 learners eat only fish
 66 learners eat chicken and fish
 75 learners eat vegetables and fish
Let the number of learners who eat chicken, vegetables and fish be
4.1 Draw an appropriate Venn diagram to represent the information. (7)
4.2 Calculate . (2)
4.3 Calculate the probability that a learner, chosen at random:
4.3.1 Eats only chicken and fish, and no vegetables. (2)
4.3.2 Eats any TWO of the given food choices: chicken, vegetables
and fish. (2)
[13]
QUESTION 5 (NOVEMBER 2010)
A supermarket conducted a survey on its service to customers. This was done on a
Wednesday morning. The survey indicated that 78% of the customers were satisfied with
the service offered by the supermarket and 90% of the customers agreed that the
supermarket was a stress-free place to do their shopping. The total number of customers
interviewed was 130.

5.1 Would you agree that the supermarket could regard the findings of the survey
as reliable? Motivate your answer. (2)
5.2 How many customers thought that the supermarket's service was not
satisfactory? (2)
5.3 Give TWO recommendations to the supermarket on using surveys to gather
information regarding its customer service. (2)
[6]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 22

QUESTION 6 (FEB/MARCH 2011)
The probability that it will rain on a given day is 63%. A child has a 12% chance of
falling in dry weather and is three times as likely to fall in wet weather.
6.1 Draw a tree diagram to represent all outcomes of the above information. (6)
6.2 What is the probability that a child will not fall on any given day? (3)
6.3 What is the probability that a child will fall in dry weather? (2)
[11]
QUESTION 7 (FEB/MARCH 2011)
In a survey 1 530 skydivers were asked if they had broken a limb. The results of the
survey were as follows:

7.1 Calculate the values of and . (4)

7.2 Calculate the probability of choosing at random in the survey, a female skydiver
who has not broken a limb. (2)
7.3 Is being a female skydiver and having broken a limb independent? Use
calculations, correct to TWO decimal places, to motivate your answer. (4)
[10]
QUESTION 8 (FEB/MARCH 2011) Counting principle
There are 7 different shirts and 4 different pairs of trousers in a cupboard. The clothes
have to be hung on the rail.
8.1 In how many different ways can the clothes be arranged on the rail? (2)
8.2 In how many different ways can the clothes be arranged if all the shirts are to
be hung next to each another and the pairs of trousers are to be hung next to
each another on the rail? (3)
8.3 What is the probability that a pair of trousers will hang at the beginning of the
rail and a shirt will hang at the end of the rail? (4)
[9]
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 23
QUESTION 9 (NOVEMBER 2011)
Let A and B be two events in a sample space. Suppose that th t
P(A or B) = 0,7 and P(B) t

9.1 For what value of are A and B mutually exclusive? (2)

9.2 For what value of are A and B independent? (4)
[6]
QUESTION 10 (NOVEMBER 2011) Counting principle
The digits h and 6 are used to make 3 digit codes.

10.1 How many unique codes are possible if digits can be repeated? (2)
10.2 How many unique codes are possible if the digits cannot be repeated? (2)
10.3 In the case where digits may be repeated, how many codes are numbers that are
greater than 300 and exactly divisible by 5? (3)
[7]
QUESTION 11 (NOVEMBER 2011)
Complaints about a restaurant fell into three main categories: the menu (M), the food (F)
and the service (S). In total 173 complaints were received in a certain month. The
complaints were as follows:
• 110 complained about the menu.
• 55 complained about the food.
• 67 complained about the service.
• 20 complained about the menu and the food, but not the service.
• 11 complained about the menu and the service, but not the food.
• 16 complained about the food and the service, but not the menu.
• The number who complained about all three is unknown.

11.1 Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the above information. (6)

11.2 Determine the number of people who complained about ALL THREE categories. (3)
11.3 Determine the probability that a complaint selected at random from those
received, complained about AT LEAST TWO of the categories (that is. menu,
food and service). (3)
[12]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 24

QUESTION 12 (NOVEMBER 2012)
Each of the 200 employees of a company wrote a competency test. The results are
indicated in the table below:

12.1 Are the events PASS and FAIL mutually exclusive? Explain your answer. (2)
12.2 Is passing the competency test independent of gender? Substantiate your answer
with the necessary calculations. (4)
[6]
QUESTION 13 (NOVEMBER 2012)
During summer in a certain city in South Africa the probability of a sunny day

is and the probability of a rainy day is .

• If it is a sunny day, then the probability that Vusi cycles to work is , the probability
that Vusi drives to work is and the probability that Vusi takes the train to work is
h
• If it is a rainy day, then the probability that Vusi cycles to work is , the probability
䁐
h
that Vusi drives to work is and the probability that Vusi takes the train to work is
䁐

13.1 Draw a tree diagram to represent the above information. Indicate on your diagram
the probabilities associated with each branch as well as all the outcomes. (5)
13.2 For a day selected at random, what is the probability that:
13.2.1 It is rainy and Vusi will cycle to work (2)
13.2.2 Vusi takes the train to work. (3)
13.3 If Vusi works 245 days in a year, on approximately how many occasions does he
drive to work? (4)
[14]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 25

QUESTION 14 (NOVEMBER 2012) Counting principle
Every client of CASHSAVE Bank has a personal identity number (PIN) which is made

up of 5 digits chosen from the digits 0 to 9.

14.1 How many personal identity numbers (PINs) can be made if:
14.1.1 Digits can be repeated. (2)
14.1.2 Digits cannot be repeated. (2)
14.2 Suppose that a PIN can be made up by selecting digits at random and that the digits
can be repeated. What is the probability that such a PIN will contain at least one 9? (4)
[8]
QUESTION 15 (FEB/MARCH 2013)
The events A, B and C are such: A and B are independent, B and C are independent and
A and C are mutually exclusive. Their probabilities are
P(A) t , P(B) t and P(C) = 0,2.

Calculate the probability of the following events occurring:

15.1 Both A and C occur. (2)
15.2 Both B and C occur. (2)
15.3 At least one of A or B occur. (4)
[8]
QUESTION 16 (FEB/MARCH 2013) Counting principle
Consider the word: PRODUCT.

16.1 How many different arrangements are possible if all the letters are used? (2)

16.2 How many different arrangements can be made if the first letter is T and the

fifth letter is C? (2)

16.3 How many different arrangements can be made if the letters R, O and D must

follow each other, in any order? (3)

[7]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 26

QUESTION 17 (FEB/MARCH 2013)
A survey is conducted among 174 students. The results are shown below.

 37 study Life Sciences

 60 study Physical Sciences
 111 study Mathematics
 29 study Life Sciences and Mathematics
 50 study Mathematics and Physical Sciences
 13 study Physical Sciences and Life Sciences
 45 do not study any of Life Sciences, Mathematics or Physical Sciences
 students study Life Sciences, Mathematics and Physical Sciences

17.1 Draw a Venn diagram to represent the information above. (6)

17.2 Show that t . (3)

17.3 If a student were selected at random, calculate the probability that he studies the
following:

17.3.1 Mathematics and Physical Sciences but not Life Sciences (2)

17.3.2 Only one of Mathematics or Physical Sciences or Life Sciences (2)

[13]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 27

QUESTION 18 (NOVEMBER 2013)
Consider events A, B and C represented in the Venn diagram below. Events A and B

are independent

It is given that P(A) t h P(B) t and P(C) t .

18.1 Mary claims that events A and B are mutually exclusive. Explain why

you agree or disagree with Mary. (2)

18.2 Calculate the probability that of the three events:

18.2.1 At least one of B or C occurs (2)

18.2.2 At least one of A or B occurs (2)

[6]

QUESTION 19 (NOVEMBER 2013) Counting principle

The nine letters of the word EQUATIONS are used to form different five – letter codes

19.1 How many different five – letter codes can be formed from the nine

different letters in the word EQUATIONS ? (2)

19.2 How many different five – letter codes can be formed from the letters

in the word EQUATIONS by using all the consonants and one vowel? (3)

[5]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 28

QUESTION 20 (NOVEMBER 2013)

A survey of 2 140 teachers revealed that certain learners experience problems that

negatively affect their learning. The following data on the various problems was obtained:

 890 teachers said that learning was negatively affected by children being abused (A)
 680 teachers said that learning was negatively affected by malnutrition (N).
 120 teachers said that learning was negatively affected by a lack of parental
support (P) and being abused (A)
 40 teachers said that learning was negatively affected by a lack of parental support (P),
malnutrition (N) and children being abused (A)
 110 teachers said that learning was negatively affected by a lack of parental support(P)
and malnutrition (N)
 140 teachers said that learning was negatively affected by children being abused (A)
and malnutrition (N).
 An unknown number of teachers ( ) said that learning was negatively affected only by
a lack of parental support (P)
 Every teacher said that learning was negatively affected by at least one problem.

20.1 Draw a Venn diagram to represent the above situation. (6)

20.2 Calculate the number of teachers who said that a lack of parental support

was a problem. (3)

20.3 Calculate the probability that a teacher selected at random from this group

said that learners had exactly two problems. (3)

[12]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 29

QUESTION 21 (FEB/MARCH 2014)
One hundred and seventy-five movie critics were invited to preview a new movie. After
seeing the movie, a survey was conducted and the results were recorded in a two-way
contingency table.

21.1 Calculate the values of , and in the contingency table. (4)

21.2 A movie critic is selected at random. What is the probability that the critic
was less than 40 years old and did not like the movie? (2)
21.3 Are the events, age of the critic and preference for the movie, independent?
Support your answer with the appropriate calculations. (4)
[10]
QUESTION 22 (FEB/MARCH 2014) Counting principle
Eight learners are seated on eight chairs in the front row at an assembly.
22.1 In how many different ways can these 8 learners be seated? (2)
22.2 In how many different ways can the 8 learners be seated if 3 of the learners
must sit together? (3)
22.3 In how many different ways can the 8 learners be seated if 2 particular
learners refuse to sit next to each other? (3)
[8]
QUESTION 23 (FEB/MARCH 2014)
Alfred and Barry have an equal chance of winning a point in a game.
23.1 Draw a tree diagram to represent the situation after a total of 3 points have
been contested. Indicate on your diagram the probabilities and all the
outcomes associated with each branch. (5)
23.2 Calculate the probability that Barry would have won all 3 points. (2)
23.3 Calculate the probability that Alfred would have won 2 points and Barry
would have won 1 point of the 3 points contested. (2)
23.4 Barry and Alfred play a fourth point. Calculate the probability that Alfred
will win 3 of the 4 points contested. (4)
[13]
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 30
QUESTION 24 (NOVEMBER 2014)
A survey concerning their holiday preferences was done with 180 staff members. The options

they could choose from were to:

 Go to the coast
 Visit a game park
 Stay at home

The results were recorded in the table below:

24.1 Determine the probability that a randomly selected staff member:

24.1.1 Is male (1)
24.1.2 Does not prefer visiting a game park. (2)
24.2 Are the events being a male and staying at home independent events.
Motivate your answer with relevant calculations. (4)
[7]

QUESTION 25 (NOVEMBER 2014) Counting principle

25.1 A password consists of five different letters of the English alphabet. Each
letter may be used only once. How many passwords can be formed if:
25.1.1 All the letters of the alphabet can be used. (2)
25.1.2 The password must start with a D and end with an L (2)
25.2 Seven cars of different manufactures, of which 3 are silver, are to be parked in
a straight line.
25.2.1 In how many different ways can ALL the cars be parked? (2)
25.2.2 If the three silver cars must be parked next to each other,
determine in how many different ways the cars can be parked. (3)
[9]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 31

QUESTION 26 (FEB/MARCH 2015)
26.1 Research was conducted about driving under the influence of alcohol. Information
obtained from traffic authorities in 54 countries on the methods that are used to
measure alcohol levels in a person, are summarised below:
 4 countries use all three methods (A, B, and C)
 12 countries use the alcohol content of breath (A) and blood-alcohol
concentration (B).
 9 countries use blood-alcohol concentration (B) and certificates issued by
doctors (C).
 8 countries use the alcohol content of breath (A) and certificates issued by
doctors(C)
 21 countries use the alcohol content of breath (A).
 32 countries use blood-alcohol concentration (B)
 20 countries use certificates issued by doctors (C)
 6 countries use none of these methods.
Below is a partially completed Venn diagram representing the above information.

26.1.1 Use the given information and the Venn diagram to determine the
values of , and . (4)
26.1.2 For a randomly selected country, calculate:
(a) P(A and B and C) (1)
(b) P(A or B or C) (1)
(c) P(only C) (1)
(d) P(that a country uses exactly two methods) (1)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 32

Counting principle
26.2 Nametso may choose DVDs from three categories as listed in the table below:

26.2.1 Nametso must choose ONE DVD from the Drama category.

What is the probability that she will choose ݅ ݀݅ ݅? (2)

26.2.2 How many different selections are possible if her selection must

include ONE drama, ONE romance and ONE comedy? (2)

26.2.3 Calculate the probability that she will have h݅ h and

v ݅݀ h ݀ as part of her selection in QUESTION 26.2.2 (2)

[14]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 33

QUESTION 27 (SEPTEMBER 2015)
27.1 Given that A and B are independent events. Determine the values of and if:

 P(B only) t
 P(A and B) t
 P(A only) t
 P(not A or B) t (4)

27.2 Six players of a volleyball team stand at random positions in a row before the

game begins. X and Y are two players in this team.

Determine the probability that:

(a) X and Y will not stand next to each other. (3)

27.3 Determine how many 4- digit numbers can be formed from 10 digits 0 to 9 if:

27.3.1 Repetition of digits is allowed. (2)

27.3.2 Repetition of digits is not allowed. (3)

27.3.3 The last digit must be 0 and repetition of digits is allowed. (2)

[14]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 34

QUESTION 28 (NOVEMBER 2015)
28.1 For two events, A and B, it is given that:

P(A) t

P(B) t

P(A and B)t

Are the events, A and B, independent? Justify your answer with appropriate

calculations. (3)

28.2 The letters of the word DECIMAL are randomly arranged into a new word , also

consisting of seven letters. How many different arrangements are possible if:

28.2.1 Letters may be repeated. (2)

28.2.2 Letters may not be repeated (2)

28.2.3 The arrangements must start with a vowel and end in a consonant

and no repetition of letters is allowed. (4)

28.3 There are ݅ orange balls and 2 yellow balls in a bag. Craig randomly selects one

ball from the bag, records his choice and returns the ball to the bag. He then

randomly selects a second ball from the bag, records his choice and returns it to

bag. It is known that the probability that Craig will select two balls of the same

colour from the bag is 52%

Calculate how many orange balls are in the bag. (6)

[17]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 35

QUESTION 29 (FEB/MARCH 2016)
29.1 Each passenger on a certain Banana Airways flight choose exactly one beverage from

tea, coffee or fruit juice. The results are shown in the table below.

29.1.1 Write down the value of . (1)

29.1.2 What is the probability that a randomly selected passenger is

male? (2)

29.1.3 Given that the event of a passenger choosing coffee is

independent of being a male, calculate the value of . (4)

29.2 A Banana Airways aeroplane has 6 seats in each row.

29.2.1 How many possible arrangements are there for 6 people to sit

in a row of 6 seats? (2)

29.2.2 Xoliswa, Anees and 4 other passengers sit in a certain row on

a Banana Airways flight. In how many different ways can these

6 passengers be seated if Xoliswa and Anees must sit next to each

other? (2)

29.2.3 Mary and 5 other passengers are to be seated in a certain row. If

seats are allocated at random, what is the probability that Mary

will sit at the end of the row? (4)

[15]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 36

QUESTION 30 (SEPTEMBER 2016)
30.1 A study on eating chocolate and gender yielded the following results.

30.1.1 How many people participated in this study? (1)

30.1.2 Calculate the following probabilities:

(a) P(male ) (1)

(b) P(Eating Chocolate) (1)

30.1.3 Are the events being a male and eating chocolate independent?

Justify your answer with relevant calculations. (3)

30.2 Four - digit codes (not beginning with 0), are to be constructed from the set of

digits

30.2.1 How many four - digit codes can be constructed, if repetition of

digits is allowed? (2)

30.2.2 How many four - digit codes can be constructed, if repetition of

digits is not allowed? (2)

30.2.3 Calculate the probability of randomly constructing a four – digit

code which is divisible by 5 if repetition of digits is allowed. (3)

[13]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 37

QUESTION 31 (NOVEMBER 2016)
A survey was conducted among 100 boys and 60 girls to determine how many of them

watched TV in the period during which examinations were written. Their responses are

shown in the partially completed table below.

31.1 Calculate the values of and . (2)

31.2 Are the events being a male and did not watch TV during examinations

mutually exclusive? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

31.3 If a learner who participated in this survey is chosen at random, what is the

probability that the learner:

31.3.1 Watched TV in the period during which the examinations were written? (2)

31.3.2 Is not a male and did not watch TV in the period during which

examinations were written? (2)

[8]

QUESTION 32 (NOVEMBER 2016) Counting principle

The digits 1 to 7 are used to create a four-digit code to enter a locked room. How many

different codes are possible if the digits may not be repeated and the code must be an

even number bigger that 5 000? [5]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 38

QUESTION 33 (FEB/MARCH 2017)
33.1 The events S and T are independent.

 P(S and T) t

 P(S) t

33.1.1 Calculate P(T). (2)

33.1.2 Hence, calculate P(S or T). (2)
33.2 A FIVE- digit code is created from the digits h 䁐
How many different codes can be created if:
33.2.1 Repetition of digits is NOT allowed in the code (2)
33.2.2 Repetition of digit is allowed in the code (1)
33.3 A group of 3 South Africans, 2 Australians and 2 Englishmen are staying at the
same hotel while on holiday. Each person has his/her own room and the rooms
are next to each other in a straight corridor.

If the rooms are allocated at random, determine the probability that the
2 Australians will have adjacent rooms and the 2 Englishmen will also have
adjacent rooms. (4)
[11]
QUESTION 34 (FEB/MARCH 2017)
The success rate of the Fana soccer team depends on a number of factors. The fitness of

the players is one of the factors that influence the outcome of a match.

 The probability that all the players are fit for the next match is 70%
 If all the players are fit to play the next match, the probability of winning the
next match is 85%
 If there are players that are not fit to play the next match, the probability of
winning the match is 55%

Based on the fitness alone, calculate the probability that the Fana soccer team will

win the next match. [5]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 39

QUESTION 35 (NOVEMBER 2017)
A survey was conducted among 100 Grade 12 learners about their use of Instagram (I),

Twitter (T) and WhatsApp (W) on their cell phones. The survey revealed the following:

 8 use all three.

 12 use Instagram and Twitter.
 5 use Twitter and WhatsApp, but not Instagram.
 use Instagram and WhatsApp, but not Twitter.
 61 use Instagram
 19 use Twitter.
 73 use WhatsApp.
 14 use none of these applications.

35.1 Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the information above. (4)

35.2 Calculate the value of . (2)

35.3 Calculate the probability that a learner, chosen randomly, uses only ONE of

these applications. (2)

[8]

QUESTION 36 (NOVEMBER 2017)

A company uses a coding system to identify its clients. Each code is made up of two

letters and a sequence of digits, for example AD108 or RR 45789.

The letters are chosen from A ; D; R; S and U. Letters may be repeated in the code.

The digits 0 to 9 are used, but NO digit may be repeated in the code.

36.1 How many different clients can be identified with a coding system that is made

up of TWO letters and TWO digits? (3)

36.2 Determine the least number of digits that is required for a company to uniquely

identify 700 000 clients using their coding system. (3)

[6]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 40

QUESTION 37 (FEB/MARCH 2018)
37.1 Veli and Bongi are learners at the same school. Some days they arrive late at school.
The probability that neither Veli nor Bongi will arrive late on any day is 0,7.

37.1.1 Calculate the probability that at least one of the two learners will

arrive late on a randomly selected day. (1)

37.1.2 The probability that Veli arrives late for school on a randomly
selected day is 0,25 , while the probability that both of them
arrive late for school on that day is 0,15. Calculate the probability
that Bongi will arrive late for school on that day. (3)
37.1.3 The principal suspects that the late coming of the two learners is
linked. The principal asks you to determine whether the events of
Veli arriving late for school and Bongi arriving late for school are
statistically independent or not. What will be your response to
him? Show ALL calculations. (3)
37.2 The cards below are placed from left to right in a row.

37.2.1 In how many different ways can these 6 cards be randomly

arranged in a row? (2)
37.2.2 In how many different ways can these cards be arranged in a row
if the diamonds and hearts are placed in alternating positions? (3)
37.2.3 If these cards are randomly arranged in a row, calculate the
probability that ALL the hearts will be next to one another. (3)
[15]
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 41
QUESTION 38 (SEPTEMBER 2018)
Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

38.1 Write down the values of and (4)

38.2 Is the event liking a sport independent of gender? Show all working. (4)

[8]

QUESTION 39 (SEPTEMBER 2018) Counting principle

Consider the letters of the word “DEPENDENT” . Determine, using all letters

39.1 The number of unique arrangements of the letters that can be formed? (3)

39.2 The number of unique arrangements of letters that can be formed in

QUESTION 39.1 starting with the letter “N”? (3)

39.3 The number of unique arrangements of letters that can be formed in

QUESTION 39.1 starting and ending with the letter “N”? (3)

[9]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 42

QUESTION 40 (NOVEMBER 2018)
Given the digits: h and 9

40.1 Calculate how many unique 5 – digit codes can be formed using the digits above, if:

40.1.1 The digits may be repeated. (2)

40.1.2 The digits may not be repeated. (2)

40.2 How many unique 3-digit codes can be formed using the above digits, if:

 Digits may be repeated

 The code is greater than 400 but less than 600
 The code is divisible by 5 (3)

[7]

QUESTION 41 (NOVEMBER 2018)

41.1 Given:

 P(A) t h,
 P(B) t
 P(A or B) t 0, 74

Determine the value(s) of if A and B are mutually exclusive. (3)

41.2 An organisation decided to distribute gift bags of sweets to a Grade R class at a

certain school. There is a mystery gift in exactly of the total number of bags.

Each learner in the class may randomly select two gift bags of sweets, one after

the other. The probability that a learner selects two bags of sweets with a

mystery gift is . Calculate the number of gift bags of sweets with a

mystery gift inside. (6)

[9]

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 43

QUESTION 42 (MAY/JUNE 2019)
42.1 A bag contains 7 yellow balls, 3 red balls and 2 blue balls. A ball is chosen at
random from the bag and not replaced. A second ball is then chosen. Determine
the probability that of the two balls chosen, one is red and the other is blue. (4)
42.2 Learners at a hostel may choose a meal and a drink for lunch. Their selections on

a certain day were recorded and shown in the partially completed table below.

The probability of a learner choosing fruit juice and a sandwich on that day was 48

42.2.1 Calculate the number of learners who chose fruit juice and a sandwich
for lunch on that day. (1)
42.2.2 Is the choice of fruit juice independent of the choice of a sandwich for
lunch on that day? Show ALL calculations to motivate your answer. (4)
[9]
QUESTION 43 (MAY/JUNE 2019)
Two learners from each grade at a high school (grades 8, 9 , 10 , 11 , and 12) are
elected to form a sports committee.
43.1 In how many different ways can the chairperson and the deputy chairperson
of sports committee be elected if there is no restriction on who may be elected? (2)
43.2 A photographer wants to take a photograph of the sports committee. In how
many different ways can the members be arranged in a straight line if:

43.2.1 Any member may stand in any position? (1)

43.2.2 Members from the same grade must stand next to each other and
the Grade 12 members must be in the centre? (3)
[6]
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 44
QUESTION 44 (JUNE 2019)
An airplane company transports passengers to a holiday resort daily. Upon boarding this flight
beverages are given. Each passenger chooses exactly one beverage from the given list.

MALE FEMALE TOTAL

TEA 35 45 80
COFFEE 90
FRUIT JUICE 30

TOTAL 80 120

44.1 Write down the value of . (1)

44.2 Calculate the probability that a random selected passenger is a female. (2)

44.3 Given the event of choosing fruit juice is independent of being a male, calculate

Value of . (6)

[9]

QUESTION 45 (JUNE 2019)

If it is given that

 P(A) = 0,34,
 P(B) = 0,26
 P(A or B) = 0,55,

Determine :

45.1 P(A and B) (3)

45.2 Are the events A and B mutually exclusive? Explain. (2)

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BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 45

QUESTION 46 (SEPTEMBER 2019)

A bag contains 12 blue balls, 10 red balls and 18 green balls. 2 balls are chosen at random
without replacement.

Determine the probability:

46.1 If the two balls chosen at random are green. (3)

46.2 If the two balls chosen at random are blue and red. (3)
[6]
QUESTION 47 (SEPTEMBER 2019)

The digits h 䁐 are used to form 3-digit codes

e.g 567, 2018, etc.

Determine the number of different codes that can be formed:

47.1 If repetition is allowed. (2)

47.2 Such that the code is greater than 500 and repetition is NOT allowed. (2)
47.3 Such that the middle digit is 5 and repetition is allowed. (2)
[6]
QUESTION 48 (NOVEMBER 2019)

The school library is open from Monday to Thursday. Anna and Ben both studied in the
school library one day this week. If the chance of studying any day in the week is
equally likely, calculate the probability that Anna and Ben studied on:

48.1 The same day (2)

48.2 Consecutive days (3)
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BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 46

QUESTION 49 (NOVEMBER 2019)

49.1 Events A and B are independent.

P(A) t 0,4 and P(B) t 0,25

49.1.1 Represent the given information on a Venn diagram. Indicate

on the Venn diagram the probabilities associated with each

region. (3)

49.1.2 Determine P( A or Not B) (2)

49.2 Motors Incorporated manufacture cars with 5 different body styles, 4 different

interior colours and 6 different exterior colours, as indicated in the table below.

The interior colour of the car must NOT be the same as the exterior colour.

Motors Incorporated wants to display one of each possible variation of its

car in their showroom. The showroom has a floor space of 500 m and

each car requires a floor space of 5 m .

Is this display possible? Justify your answer with the necessary calculations. (6)

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BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 47