MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
A Project Report
" Types of Bearings Used in Motorcycle
Mechanical Engineering Department
Submitted by
MR. OMKAR MURALIDHAR SUTAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL HOSPITAL &RESEARCH CENTER, MAHAGAON
“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC”
A/P –MAHAGAON, SITE –CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHINGLAJ, DIST-KOLHAPUR
Certificate
This Is To Certify That The Following Students Of Sixth Semester Of Diploma
Mechanical In Engineering Of Institute SANT GAJANAN RURAL POLYTECHNIC,
MAHAGAON-(CODE-0965). Has Completed Micro Project On Satisfactory In Subject
"Types of Bearings Used in Motorcycle" Subject EMERGING TRENDS IN
MECHANICAL Eingineering (Code 22652) For Academic Year 2021 To 2022 As
prescribed in the curriculum.
STUDENT NAME ENROLLMENT NO
MR. OMKAR MURALIDHAR SUTAR 2009650275
DATE- PLACE-MAHAGOAN
MR. V.R .Mohite H.O.D PROF. D .B kesti
(project Guide) (Head Of Department) (PRICIPAL)
Title
"Study of Biomass power plant"
1.0. Introduction -:
Biomass is one form of renewable energy source used for bothheat and power generation
through thermochemical and bio-chemical conversion processes like combustion,
gasification,pyrolysis and anaerobic/aerobic digestion. It includes both energy crops and wastes,
such as forestry residues (cotton stalks, paddy straw, rice husk, sawdust) and a range of other
agricultural and industrial by-products, which can all be uti- lized for energy production. Direct
combustion is the most common thermochemical conversion process used for solid fuels due to its
low cost and reliability (IEA, 2012). In addi-tion, combustion is the key process in a biomass power
plant for generating steam. The steam can be used for industrial processes or to produce
electricity. The selection and design of any biomass combustion system mainly depends on the
characteristics of the fuel to be used, environmental legisla-tion, the costs and performance of the
equipment and the energy and capacity needed (Van Loo and Koppejan, 2008).
The characteristics of the fuel affect directly all the selection and design parameters. A
typical fuel characteristic that strongly affects combustion is the moisture content. Most modern
biomass based combustion systems specify a range of accept-able moisture content of the fuel for
meeting emissions and efficiency standards. If a solid fuel with specifications outside this range is
used the system may shut down automatically (BEC, 2011). Biomass materials have a wide range
of mois-ture content (on wet basis) ranging from less than 10% for cereal straw up to 50–70%
for forest residues (Quaak et al.,1999). Industrial wastes like sludge have high moisture con-tent
and that of fresh microalgae is more than 90% (Kanda andLi, 2011).
2.0. Aim of the project -:
1. Identify and describe the different types of biomass plant.
2. To find out the necessity of biomass power plant.
3. To study construction and working of biomass power plant.
3.0 Cos of the project -:
1. Maintain mechanical components of Biomass plant.
4.0 Actual procedure followed -:
1. Selection of topic discussing with subject teacher.
2. Visit to the nearest biomass plant and see the all processes related to the biomass power
generation.
3. Study to the different types of biomass plant.
4. Searching the information about the different biomass plant and compare their capacity
with each other.
5. Separation of information according to construction, working, applications.
6. Meet the subject teacher and shows the all data about project.
7. Using M.S World we starting writing the report of project.
8. Finding the outcomes for this project and noted in the report.
9. Showing the report to the subject teacher we do the corrections in the report and making
hard copy of project.
10. Submission of project report to the subject teacher.
5.0 Actual resources used -:
Resources Specifications
Biomass power plant Biomass power plant
Central Library Books of renewable energy sources
Computer lab For internet and computer
6.0 Outcomes or findings -:
Simplified diagram of a biomass power plant: trees enter on the left into the woodchipper,
woodchips are burned to heat the boiler, the high-pressure steam then drives a turbine which spins
a generator to make electricity.
6.1. Process
The seedlings are planted over 16,000 hectares of plantations to grow for 5 to 8 years to
mature into trees. While the trees grow they absorb from the atmosphere Carbon Dioxide through
the process of photosynthesis. Mature trees are harvested, debarked, and loaded as tree logs onto
trucks. Tree logs are then transported to a centrally located power plant site.
Tree logs are processed on site into wood chips to fuel our biomass power plant. Wood chips
are channelled into the combustion chamber through a conveyor system and burned to heat water
in the boiler. The burning wood chips release stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere,
remaining ash is used as plantation fertiliser and for road construction.
Under high temperatures of the heat, the water in the boiler becomes high pressure steam
that is used to spin the turbine, and the turbine drives the generator.The generator creates
electricity which flows into the grid to power residential, commercial, government, and small
industry customers.
Our biomass power generation carbon cycle is neutral. The amount of carbon absorbed by
growing trees equals the amount released through burning the biomass wood chips. But by
establishing plantations on underutilised grasslands, PNG Biomass has an overall positive effect, as
each tree is a small additional carbon sink.
6.2. Technology
The combustion of solid fuels has been the mainstay of steam and power production for over
150 years. It is only relatively recently that oil and gas were available in sufficient quantities to
justify their use in large power stations. Coal overtook wood in its use because of the much higher
energy density but wood fired boilers are still in widespread use worldwide (including countries such
as Indonesia, Philippines and Fiji), and especially where sustainable wood sources are available. The
burning of biomass is therefore not a new technology, but in recent years combustion technologies
have been designed to make best use of this sustainable resource.
PNG Biomass will combust woodchip fuel in its biomass power plant using conventional steam
cycle technology and use well-tested and trialled travelling-grate biomass boiler technology. The
plant is designed to combust woodchips by conveying and blowing the woodchips onto a travelling
grate within the boiler.
The spent steam from the turbine is condensed in a condenser cooled with water from a
cooling tower using grey water, extracted under license, from local boreholes and treated process-
effluent. The condensate is then recycled to the boiler.
Hot flue gas is passed through a mechanical cyclone and then cleaned further in an
electrostatic precipitator to remove ash and particulates in the gas stream, prior to venting to the
atmosphere via a tall (40m) stack. Ash and any effluent sludge will be collected and used as a
plantation fertiliser.
6.3. Design
There has been a development of combustion technology and boiler design to achieve the
combined goals of higher efficiency and ability to burn fuels set in a regulatory framework which
demands ever reducing emission levels.
Spreader feeder system – blowing woodchip onto a travelling grate
Fixed-bed or grate combustion is the traditional technology for burning solid fuels. There are
different grate technologies which are primarily distinguished by the type of grate movement
(horizontal, vibrating, travelling, rotating grate) and by the type of fuel feed mechanism (spreader
stoker or underfeed). PNG Biomass will use a travelling grate with a spreader feed system.
The fuel burns out over a certain time releasing its energy into the flue gas. With continuous
fuel feeding, combustion will occur in various sections of the grate. Primary air supply is divided into
sections to be able to adjust the specific air amounts to the specific air requirements of the zones.
The speed of the travelling grate system is dependent on the furnace temperature which is
constantly monitored.
From the grate, the semi-combusted gases are led into the main combustion chamber, where
secondary air is added. This leads to complete burn out of the combustion gases. The hot flue
gasses then pass through to the superheater, evaporator and economiser section of the boiler. The
steam is used to mechanically turn a turbine, which in turn spins a generator to produce electricity.
6.4. Construction
The biomass boiler and turbine are the key elements in making an efficient and reliable power
plant. Other equipment referenced (and called balance of plant) include an electrostatic
precipitator (used for taking ash out of the gas stream), and cooling towers to cool the steam
after passing through the turbine and so be able to reuse the specially processed water.
Key construction considerations include:
1. Proven boiler and turbine suppliers with similar size reference plants in SE Asia
2. International contractor to construct the plant experienced in managing power projects
and working in SE Asia
3. Balance of plant/equipment from known and proven international suppliers
4. Selected installation sub-contractors who have a proven track record in PNG
Key to the success of building the power plant will be the work of approximately 300-400
local tradespeople from PNG who will be undertaking all the civil and building works, installing all the
equipment, ducting and pipe work and electrical and controls installations and finally operating the
plant.
6.5. Operation
The PNG Biomass power plant will be operated by about 30-40 staff – most will be employed
locally from PNG. Staff will include operators – running the plant via computer controlled systems,
mechanical and electrical technicians and fuel handling and plant maintenance roles.
6.6. Types of biomass power plant
6.7. Advantages of biomass power plant
1. Biomass is always and widely available as a renewable source of energy.
2. It is carbon neutral.
3. It reduces the overreliance of fossil fuels.
4. Is less expensive than fossil fuels.
5. Biomass production adds a revenue source for manufacturers.
6.8. Disadvantages of biomass power plant
1. Biomass energy is not as efficient as fossil fuels.
2. It is not entirely clean.
3. Can lead to deforestation.
4. Biomass plants require a lot of space.
6.9. Applications of Biomass
Biomass systems range from small stoves used in homes for heating or cooking to large power
plants used by centralized utilities to produce electricity.
In residential applications, biomass can be used for space heating or for cooking. Wood is the
most common source of fuel, although many different materials are used. New designs for
woodstoves can improve the efficiency of the cooking or heating system, decreasing the amount
of fuel that is needed.
Industry and businesses use biomass for several purposes including space heating, hot water
heating, and electricity generation. Many industrial facilities, such as lumber mills, naturally produce
organic waste. More than 66,000 jobs are supported by the biomass producing industry in the US
alone.
7.0. Skill developed from this project -:
From these projects we studied that the available renewable energy resources, including
plantations, represent roughly 13% of the primary energy consumption in the world. With the
current cost structure of fuels and power, the targeted contribution (double or tripling the use of
bioenergy) by 2010 will not be realized unless vigorous legislative actions are mandated within the
next few years.
Conventional combustion techniques such as grate-fired, bubbling, and circulating fluidized boilers
are proven and cost effective, and will steadily improve their efficiencies and emission
performances. Cofiring is a low-cost approach for the utility-scale boiler to utilize “Green power” and
achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
