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Water Quality Monitoring System Based on IOT Platform

To cite this article: Ahmed Abbas Fadel and Mohamed Ibrahim Shujaa 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 928 032054

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2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University (ISCAU-2020) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (2020) 032054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/928/3/032054

WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM BASED

ON IOT PLATFORM

Ahmed Abbas Fadel , Mohamed Ibrahim Shujaa

Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Middle Technical
University (MTU), Iraq
ahmed94beka@gmail.com
Abstract
Water treatment monitoring systems are presently divided into manual and
dynamic systems. Due to, the constant changes in water, either due to seasonal
changes in water chemistry or due to the operative conditions of the industrial
environment, the dynamic systems have to be utilized by the water
manufacturers. However, water is very beneficial for life and human health,
therefore to reduce the endangerment of pollution, by improving and
increasing the plant operation in addition to production. This paper suggests a
new technique for water factory manufacturers by adopting wireless sensor
nodes. The monitor node connected with a microcontroller device using Esp32
as transmitter and receiver nodes. The node sends its statues over the wireless
network utilizing a defined internet protocol (IP). The proposed system shows
its effectiveness in water monitoring systems through synchronous water
monitoring and simple configuration compared to traditional systems.
Keyword: IOT, ESP 32, water monitoring, PH, TDS.

I. Introduction

In the last decade, attracted several researchers the domain of water

monitoring systems has because of the rise in environmental pollution with the rise in
the amount of pollution [1-3]. Water quality monitoring is outlined as the method to
get the data and knowledge about water from completely different regions to see
water quality and in regular or continuous-time periods. [4, 5]. On the opposite hand,
the massive development within the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN) helps to
fuse the water monitoring system with the Internet of Things (IoT) [6, 7]. Where are,
several kinds of research are introduced to improve and implement a water monitoring
system utilizing wireless sensor networks over the internet of things (IoT).

The IoT outlined as network devices that hold the means to sense and collect
completely different information from too various locations at a similar time [8, 9].
However, with the point sensing that given by the wireless sensing element network
that is sprees over the IoT network many water parameters are monitored with
readability and high efficiency. The basic introduction of water testing is notified of
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2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University (ISCAU-2020) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (2020) 032054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/928/3/032054

this task with the utilize of IoT technology [10]. False positives, reading, are
registered however not handle as Associate in the Nursing alert .

This paper is organized as follows. In section II, detection connected study. In section
III, the performance analysis of the new projected system is completed, and at last, the
conclusions square measure given in section IV.

II. Related study:

In the last decade, various researchers have deployed and proposed (WSN) for
monitoring [11, 12]. The studies obtain worked on improving the system's aimed to
increase response and performance.

• In M. H. Banna et al, 2013 [5], the authors present a literature survey on the
spread of IoT with WSNs. various suggestions and motion discussed in this area of
the smart monitoring system.

• where F. Adamo et al, 2014 [13], suggest a vast range of wireless sensor networks
above the sea and lake to monitoring chlorophyll. While the concentration of the
temperature level of water and dissolved oxygen proposed and suggested by [13, 14].

• Water level monitoring based on IoT has been suggested by P. P. Shah, 2017 [15]
build on Android applications. The suggested system believes the limit water with
fixed levels.

• However, one of the most alms in the field of water monitoring system suggest
by S. Geetha and S. Gouthami, 2017 [16], where, the authors study and monitoring
five parameters in real-time such as; conductivity, hydrogen potential (pH), turbidity,
temperature, and water level. The measured parameters by sensors management and
send to a cloud platform by Zigbee protocol.

In this work, we aim to overcome and fulfill the area of real-time water
monitoring systems over the IoT environment. One of the main characterizes of the
proposed system is low cost and easy-to-install comparing with the previews
proposed systems in real-time monitoring. The proposed system implements to
measures the pH, as well as TDS. The system also includes Encrypted data, To
protect data from hackers and some bad people over the IoT environment. The
proposed system compatible with the large, small, and variable water area.

III. IoT Architecture of Water Test

The proposed operation for the IoT system contains two steps. Fig 1 shows
the block diagram of the proposed IoT system for water tests as a case study. The
first step in the IoT system is the sensing data collection from sensors connected to
the IoT control. In this work, we have two types of sensors used in collecting data
from water. These sensors are (TDS) and (pH meter) These sensors are connected
with control (ESP32) in the second stage, in (ESP32) control the collection data In
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2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University (ISCAU-2020) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (2020) 032054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/928/3/032054

the third step after all information is sent to special web application, it can store
information in the web site. The proposed IoT was applied to the collected data before
sending them to the IoT server. Figure 1. illustrates the proposed IoT system (using
component of IoT). It is shown that the steps of the IoT system operations, all
parameters, and initial values will determine between the two sides (sender side, and
IoT server-side).

Figure 1. The suggestion IoT security system (water testing).

IV. Hardware Description of Water Test

In this section, we discuss about the implementation of IoT security system

(water test) can evaluation result. We integrate and implement the designed
system as shown in Figure 2. which shows the connection between ESP32 control,
TDS, pH Sensors and web application.

Figure.2: The schematic diagram of ESP32 control, TDS, pH Sensors and web
application connections.
TDS Sensor Description: (Total Dissolved Solids) measures how many milligrams
of soluble solids with one liter of water dissolved. The higher the TDS value in
general, its most soluble solids mixed with water, and the less pure the water. The
TDS value can therefore be considered one of the biggest references for reflecting
water purity.

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2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University (ISCAU-2020) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (2020) 032054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/928/3/032054

PH Sensor Description: Arduino Compatible, particularly designed for Arduino

controllers that effectively interact the sensor with such a functional connection, for
evaluate water quality and some other parameters inexpensively. This could allow
your project to be extended to bio-robotics. It does have an LED which works as its
Power Indicator, a BNC adaptor and a sensor interface with PH2.0. To be used,
simply connect its pH sensor to a BND connector, and socket the PH2.0 interface in
with any Arduino controller's analog input port. Once fully re-programmed, you'll
easily get the PH value.

ESP32 Description: is the specifically built low-power consumption microcontroller

for Internet of Things ( IoT) projects. Fire Beetle Board-ESP32 combines a dual-core
ESP-WROOM-32 module which supports dual-mode communication with MCU, Wi-
Fi and Bluetooth. Throughout the deep-sleep mode the electrical current is only 10μA.
Two power distribution methods are assisted by the main controller: the USB and
3.7V internal lithium batteries. The Lipo Battery can be charged directly by both USB
and external DC.

Figure.3: pH, TDS and Web application connection

VI. Results

The results were obtained by collects different water samples from different sites
of Tigris river. The Table.1 below shows the TDS and pH measured by the
monitoring system.

Table.1. TDS and PH of Tigris river.

Water parameters pH TDS

Al-Kadhimiya 7.63 377
Al-Kiryat 7.88 354
Al- Adhamiya 8.06 345

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2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University (ISCAU-2020) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (2020) 032054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/928/3/032054

VII. Conclusion

Several samples were collected from the Tigris River and compared with
previous laboratory analyzed samples within the laboratories of the Ministry of
Science and Technology/ Iraq. The results showed the extent to which the proposed
system results match the laboratory results under the same conditions of the approved
measurements. Through the results shown, this system has the ability to find water
testing parameters such as pH and TDS with high accuracy and monitor quality of
water automatically without intervention of human using wireless sensor networks
nodes. Thus, we reduced the cost and time required to conduct laboratory analysis
with propose system.

VIII. References

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open research issues," vol. 6, pp. 1-10, 2017.
[2] G. Xu, Y. Shi, X. Sun, and W. J. S. Shen, "Internet of things in marine
environment monitoring: A review," vol. 19, no. 7, p. 1711, 2019.
[3] H. Wu, Y. Guo, L. Xiong, W. Liu, G. Li, and X. J. I. S. J. Zhou, "Optical
fiber-based sensing, measuring, and implementation methods for slope
deformation monitoring: a review," vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 2786-2800, 2019.
[4] N. A. Cloete, R. Malekian, and L. J. I. A. Nair, "Design of smart sensors for
real-time water quality monitoring," vol. 4, pp. 3975-3990, 2016.
[5] M. H. Banna et al., "Online drinking water quality monitoring: review on
available and emerging technologies," vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1370-1421, 2014.
[6] T. Perumal, Internet of Things (IoT) enabled water monitoring system. 2015.
[7] S. Geetha and S. J. S. W. Gouthami, "Internet of things enabled real time
water quality monitoring system," vol. 2, no. 1, p. 1, 2016.
[8] Y. Gadallah, M. el Tager, and E. Elalamy, "A framework for cooperative
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International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and
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[9] M. Dabbagh and A. Rayes, "Internet of things security and privacy," in
Internet of Things from hype to reality: Springer, 2019, pp. 211-238.
[10] R. Martínez, N. Vela, A. e. Aatik, E. Murray, P. Roche, and J. M. J. W.
Navarro, "On the Use of an IoT Integrated System for Water Quality
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[11] Hussein, Noor A., and Mohamed Ibrahim Shujaa. "DNA computing based
stream cipher for internet of things using MQTT protocol." International
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[12] P. Nayak, C. P. Reddy, and D. Adla, "Applications of Raspberry Pi and
Arduino to Monitor Water Quality Using Fuzzy Logic," in Intelligent
Computing in Engineering: Springer, 2020, pp. 135-143.

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2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University (ISCAU-2020) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (2020) 032054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/928/3/032054

[13] F. Adamo, F. Attivissimo, C. G. C. Carducci, and A. M. L. J. I. S. J. Lanzolla,

"A smart sensor network for sea water quality monitoring," vol. 15, no. 5, pp.
2514-2522, 2014.
[14] A. Faustine, A. N. Mvuma, H. J. Mongi, M. C. Gabriel, A. J. Tenge, and S. B.
J. W. S. N. Kucel, "Wireless sensor networks for water quality monitoring and
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281, 2014.
[15] P. P. Shah, A. A. Patil, and S. S. Ingleshwar, "IoT based smart water tank with
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Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)(I-SMAC), 2017, pp. 600-603: IEEE.
[16] S. Geetha and S. Gouthami, "Internet of things enabled real time water quality
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