Scribd
Upload
59 views11 pages

Introduction

The document discusses open-loop and closed-loop control systems. It provides examples of open-loop systems like an electric oven and DC motor fan. Open-loop systems have no feedback, so the output is not adjusted based on errors. Closed-loop systems compare the output to the desired input using feedback, and adjust the input as needed to reduce errors and improve stability, robustness, and performance. Key components of closed-loop systems are sensors that provide feedback and convert output to input for error comparison.

Uploaded by

Mr YERRYBB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views11 pages

Introduction

The document discusses open-loop and closed-loop control systems. It provides examples of open-loop systems like an electric oven and DC motor fan. Open-loop systems have no feedback, so the output is not adjusted based on errors. Closed-loop systems compare the output to the desired input using feedback, and adjust the input as needed to reduce errors and improve stability, robustness, and performance. Key components of closed-loop systems are sensors that provide feedback and convert output to input for error comparison.

Uploaded by

Mr YERRYBB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Sistemas de Control I

José Leonardo Monroy Hernández


Referencias bibliográficas:
- Ying Bai, Zvi S. Roth. Classical and Modern Controls with Microcontrollers: Design, Implementation,
and Applications. 1st . 2019.
- Katsuhiko Ogata. Modern Control Engineering-Prentice Hal. 5th 2010.
- Liuping Wang. PID Control System Design and Automatic Tuning using MATLAB/Simulink.1st. 2019.
- Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems. 3rd. 2020
Introduction
A system can be defined as an integrated body or an
element. For example:
• A company,
• a vehicle,
• a motor,
• a process or a plant.

A control system should contain a controller to perform


various control functions to the system to get the
desired outputs.
Introduction
A complete control system should be
composed of:
• inputs,
• the controller,
• the system or a process,
• and the system outputs.
Introduction
Two popular
control systems
are:
• open-loop
• closed-loop
The Open-Loop Control System
For example a Electric oven:
• Input: the desired time interval
• Controller: the oven, which can start and delay the
desired period of time to enable the heater.
• Process: The food.
• Output: the appropriate temperature.
The Open-Loop Control System
Another example is a DC motor fan control system:
• Input: a desired speed value
• Controller: the remote control panel enables the motor to
rotate at this speed.
• Process: a proportional voltage will be supplied to the
amplifier, and a rotation speed should be obtained from the
motor and fan.
• Output: the fan speed.
The Open-Loop Control System
In the open-loop control system:
• the output has no influence or effect on the control action of the input signal.
• the output is neither measured nor feedback for comparison with the input.
• an open-loop system is expected to faithfully follow its input command or set
point regardless of the final result.
• There is no knowledge about the output condition, so it cannot reduce or
overcome all variations or disturbances coming from the external conditions.
• Each input setting determines a fixed output value for the controller.
Open-loop control is useful and economic for well-defined systems where the
relationship between input and the output can be reliably modeled by a
mathematical formula.
The Closed-Loop (Feedback) Control System
The Closed-Loop (Feedback) Control System
In the closed-loop control system :
• the design automatically achieve and maintain the desired output by comparing
it with the actual input condition. It does this by comparing a part or the entire
feedback from the output and the desired input to generate an error signal, which
is the difference between the output and the reference input.
• the general purpose is to reduce any errors (difference) between the output and
the input.
• the sensor must be able to provide the two following functions.
– direct a part or the entire output back to the input to compare the input and the
output to get a difference or an error signal as an updated input to the controller.
– Convert the output type to the input type to make this comparison possible.
The Closed-Loop (Feedback) Control System
A closed-loop control system is better than an open-loop control
system with the following advantages:
• Reducing errors by automatically adjusting the systems input.
• Improving stability of an unstable system.
• Reducing the systems’ sensitivity to enhance robustness against
external disturbances or internal variations to the process.
• Producing a reliable and repeatable performance.

You might also like