11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 4 – Module 7
Area of a Plane Region
using Definite Integral
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 7: Area of a Plane Region using Definite Integral
First Edition, 2020

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 11

Basic Calculus
Quarter 4 – Module 7
Area of a Plane Region
using Definite Integral
 What I Need to Know

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
▪ Compute the area of a plane region using definite
integral (STEM_BC11I-IVi-j-1)

OBJECTIVES:
K: Identify the integral that sets up the area of a plane region;
S: Compute the area of a plane region using definite integral;
A: Appreciate the importance of the relationship of variables to
real life situations.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read and understand each statement. Write your answer in your activity
sheet/notebook.
1. In the region in the first quadrant bounded by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis, how to find
the lower and upper boundaries or the limits of integration?

A. determine the y-intercepts C. determine the x-intercepts

B. determine the limits D. determine the derivative

2
2. Based on question no. 1, what are the lower and upper boundaries or the limits of
integration?
A. [0,4] B. [2,4] C. [4,4] D. [4,0]

3. What are the intersections of the curve bounded by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis?
A. (0,0) and (0,4) B. (0,0) and (4,0) C. (0,1) and (0,4) D. (0,1) and (4,0)

4. What definite integral would represent the area bounded by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-
axis?
0 1 4 0
A. ∫4 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 B. ∫0 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 C. ∫0 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 D. ∫1 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥

5. Find the area bounded by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis.

32 52
A. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 C. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3 3
32 52
B. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 D. 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
5 5

’s In
Activity 1!
Set up an integgral that represent the area of the plane region.

𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2

1.

3
 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2

𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 1

2. 3.

’s New

Consider a continuous function 𝑓. We know the when 𝑓(𝑥) is nonnegative (not below
the x axis) and the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) over the interval [𝑎, 𝑏] lies entirely above the x axis,
𝑏
then the definite integral ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 gives the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 =
𝑓(𝑥), the x axis, and the vertical lines 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏. This is illustrated in the figure
below.

This method of using the definite integral to determine the area of planar regions can
be used in determining the area bounded by the two functions 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) and the vertical
line 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 over the interval [a,b].

4
 is It

Discussion
Area Bounded by Two Curves
If f(x) and g(x) are two continuous functions for which 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥) over
the interval [a,b], then the area bounded by the two functions and the vertical line
𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 on [a,b] is given by
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

Methods for Finding the Area of Enclosed Regions

1. Vertical Cross Section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

where,
[a,b] is the limit of integration
𝑑𝑥 is the length of the cross section
𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥) is the width of the cross section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥 is the area of the region

5
2. Horizontal Cross Section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓 (𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

where,
[a,b] is the limit of integration
𝑑𝑦 is the width of the cross section
𝑓 (𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦) is the length of the cross section
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑥 is the area of the region

Illustrative Example 1. Find the area of the plane region bounded by

𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 3, and the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

Solution:
The graph of the plane region is shown below.

The plane region is clearly in the first quadrant of the Cartesian plane,
and hence we obtain
𝑏
𝐴𝑅 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎

3
= ∫1 (3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥.

6
Evaluating the integral and applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we get
3
𝐴𝑅 = ∫ (3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
1

3𝑥 2 3
=( + 𝑥)|
2 1

27 3
=( + 3) − ( + 1)
3 2

𝑨𝑹 = 𝟏𝟒 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.

*Antiderivatives are related to finding the areas below curves.

Illustrative Example 2. Find the area of the plane region bounded above by
𝑦 = 1 − |𝑥 − 1|, and below by the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

Solution:
The graph of the plane region is shown below.

Observe that the line from the point (0,0) to (1,1) is given by
𝑦 = 1 − [−(𝑥 − 1)] = 𝑥

And the line from the point (1,1) to (0,2) is given by

𝑦 = 1 − (𝑥 − 1) = 2 − 𝑥

Clearly, we have two subregions here, Region 1 (𝑅1 ) which is bounded above by
𝑦 = 𝑥 and Region 2 (𝑅2 ), which is bounded above by 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥.

7
 Hence, the area of the entire region is given by

𝐴 = 𝐴𝑅1 + 𝐴𝑅2

1 2
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (2 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
0 1

𝑥2 1 𝑥2 2
=[ ] + [2𝑥 − ]
2 0 2 1

12 02 22 12
= − + [2(2) − ] − [2(1) − ]
2 2 2 2

𝑨 = 𝟏 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕.

Illustrative Example 3. Determine the area below 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , and above the

𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

Solution:
The graph of the plane region is shown below.

We use the vertical cross section method to find the area

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥
𝑎

3
𝐴 = ∫−1 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.

8
 The upper function is a parabola, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the lower functions is the
x-axis 𝑦 = 0.
3
𝐴 = ∫ (3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
−1

1 3
𝐴 = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 |
3 −1

1 1
𝐴 = [3(3) + (3)2 − (3)3 ] − [3(−1) + (−1)2 − (−1)3 ]
3 3

1
𝐴 = [9 + 9 − 9] − [−3 + 1 + ]
3

5
𝐴 = 9+
3

𝟑𝟐
𝑨= 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔.
𝟑

I Have Learned

Generalization
1. What to do first in finding the area of a plane region?
2. How do you identify the lower and upper boundaries or the limit of integration ?
3. How to set up the definite integral in computing the area of a plane region?
4. How do your find the area of a plane region using definite integral?
5. How are you going to apply your learning from this lesson to real life situation?

I Can Do
Activty!
Sketch the regions enclosed by the given curves then find the described area.

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 1, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 9 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥=2

2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥=5

9
Direction: Read and understand each statement. Write your answer in your activity
sheet/notebook.
Use the graph below to answer the following questions.

1. What is the best method to find the area bounded by the the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = −1, 𝑥 =
−1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2?
A. Horizontal cross section C. Diagonal cross section
B. Vertical cross section D. Individual cross section
2. What are the limits of integration in the graph?
A. [-1,2] B. [-1,-1] C. [-1,4] D. [1,4]
3. Which of the following sets up the definite integral in the graph?
2 4
A. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑥 C. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑥
2 4
B. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − (−1))𝑑𝑥 D. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − (−1))𝑑𝑥

4. What are the intersections of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2, respectively?

A. (-1,-1) and (2,4) C. (-1,1) and (-2,4)
B. (-1,1) and (2,4) D. (-1,-1) and (-2,4)
5. What is the area bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = −1, 𝑥 = −1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 2?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

10
 11
What I Know!
PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A
What’s In!
3
1. ∫0 (𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
3
2. ∫0 [(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1] 𝑑𝑥
3 3
3. ∫0 (𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 [(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1] 𝑑𝑥
What’s I Can Do!
1. 19.5 square units 2. 28.5 square units
ASSESSMENT
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C
References

Estalilla, Catalina. (2021) Basic Calculus. SDO La Union Schools Division

Howard Anton, Bivens Irl and Davis, Stephen. (2009). Calculus Early Transcendentals.
NJ:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ortega, Oreste M., Pilar-Arceo, Carlene P. Teaching Guide in Basic Calculus.
Stewart, James. (2008). Calculus Early Transcendentals. Thompson Corporation USA.
Thurman, Peterson. (n.d.). Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Ken Inc.

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