DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF
VERTICAL TAKE OFF AND LANDING (VTOL) JET
FIGHTER AIRCRAFT SYSTEM
PHASE II REPORT
Submitted By
VADIVEL KANNAN
Reg. No. 961120402003
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF ENGINEERING
IN
ME-CAD/CAM
LORD JEGANNATH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
SEPTEMBER 2022
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ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this thesis titled “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL TAKE OFF AND LANDING (VTOL) JET
FIGHTER AIRCRAFT SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of VADIVEL
KANNAN, (Reg. No: 961120402003) who carried out the work under my
supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work reported
herein does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis of which
a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.
Mr.M MANIKANDANAN, M.E.,M.B.A Mr. P. GOPU, M.E., M.B.A.,
Assistant Professor and Head, Supervisor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Lord Jegannath College of Engineering
Lord Jegannath College of Engineering
and Technology, PSN Nagar, and Technology, PSN Nagar,
Ramanathichanputhur, Ramanathichanputhur,
Kanyakumari - 629 402. Kanyakumari – 629 402.
Submitted for the University examination conducted by Anna University Chennai
at Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology Ramanathichanputhur
on ………………….
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
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ABSTRACT
Vertical Take Off and Landing Vehicles (VTOL) are the ones which can
take off and land from the same place without need of long runway. This project
presents the design and implementation of tricopter based automation mode and
aircraft mode for VTOL aircraft system. Firstly, the aircraft design is considered
for VTOL mode. And then, the mathematical model of the VTOL aircraft is applied
to test stability with analysis stability and control system of actuators based. In this
research, the design and development analysis of sensor-based flight controller is
used for VTOL mode and aircraft mode. The first part is to develop the VTOL
mode and the next part is the transition of VTOL mode to aircraft mode. This
project gives brief idea about numerous types of VTOLs and their advantages over
traditional aircrafts and insight to various types of jet fight aircraft and evaluates
their configurations.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I express my heartfelt, profound, gratitude to God, The
Almighty for the successful completion of the project.
I extend my gratitude to our honorable chairman Dr. P. SUYAMBU, Ph.D., to whom I
are gratefully indebted, our chairperson, Dr. T. RUKMONI SUYAMBU, Ph.D.,
our Vice Chairman Mr. R.B. RAJA., M.S., our Vice Chairperson Mrs. P. JAYALAKSHMI
SUYAMBU., M.E., our honorable Director Dr. M. ROBERT SINGH, Ph.D.,
sincere thanks to our Principal Dr. G. JIJI, M.E., Ph.D., and also sincere thanks to
our honorable Dean Er. FRANKLIN GEORGE JOBIN, M.E., and Vice Principal Dr. M.
Manikandan M.E., Ph.D., of Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and
Technology, PSN Nagar, Ramanathichanputhur, Nagercoil, for supporting us at all
times.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr.M. MANIKANDAN, M.E.,M.B.A.,
Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lord
Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology, PSN Nagar, Ramanathichanputhur,
Nagercoil, for extending the facilities in the department.
I express my heartfelt and sincere thanks to Mr. P. GOPU, M.E., M.B.A.,
Assistant Professor and P.G Coordinator, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology, PSN
Nagar,Ramanathichanputhur, Nagercoil, for his encouragement and inspiration for
the execution of the project.
I express my sincere gratitude to my guide, Mr. P. Gopu, M.E., M.B.A.,
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lord Jegannath
College of Engineering and Technology, PSN Nagar, Ramanathichanputhur,
Nagercoil, for valuable guidance, proper advice and constant encouragement during
my project.
I also very thankful to the entire faculty in Department of Mechanical
Engineering for their direct and in-direct help and cooperation.
VADIVEL KANNAN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF TABLES x
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY 4
1.2 PRELIMINARY DESIGN 5
1.2.1 Aircraft viability 6
1.2.2 Understanding the problem 6
1.2.3 Innovation 7
1.3 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 8
1.3.1 Existing and competitive aircraft 8
1.3.2 Technical reports 9
1.3.3 Operational experience 9
1.3.4 Configuration options 10
1.3.5 Initial baseline sizing 11
1.3.6 Initial mass (weight) estimation 12
1.3.7 Initial layout drawing 13
1.4 BASELINE EVALUATION
1.4.1 Mass statement 15
1.4.2 Aircraft balance 16
1.4.3 Aerodynamic analysis 17
1.4.4 Engine data 20
1.4.5 Aircraft performance 21
1.4.6 Initial technical report 21
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1.5 REFINING THE INITIAL LAYOUT 22
1.5.1 Constraint analysis 23
1.5.2 Trade-off studies 24
1.5.3 Refined baseline design 25
1.5.4 Parametric and trade studies 25
1.5.5 Example aircraft used to illustrate trade-off
and parametric studies 27
1.6 FINAL BASELINE CONFIGURATION 27
1.6.1 Additional technical considerations 27
1.6.2 Broader-based considerations 28
1.7 INITIAL ESTIMATES 29
1.7.1 Mass and balance analysis 29
1.7.2 Aerodynamic estimations 31
1.8 VTOL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 33
1.9 STRUCTURAL DETAILS 35
1.9.1 Stability, control and ‘roadability’assessment 35
1.9.2 Aerodynamic efficiency 36
1.9.3 Final baseline aircraft description 37
1.9.4 Future considerations 38
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 40
2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 40
2.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 44
2.3 OBJECTIVES 46
3 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 47
3.1 DESIGN CONCEPTS AND DEVELOPMENT 47
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND CAD DESIGN 47
3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE 52
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4 ANSYS PROCEDURES SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 53
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 54
4.1.1 BUILD GEOMETRY 55
4.1.2 DEFINE MATERIAL PROPERTIES 55
4.1.3 GENERATE MESH 55
4.1.4 APPLY LOADS 56
4.1.5 OBTAIN SOLUTION 57
4.1.6 PRESENT THE RESULTS 58
4.2 SPECIFIC CAPABILITIES OF ANSYS 70
4.2.1STRUCTURAL 70
4.2.2 STATIC ANALYSIS 70
5 ADVANTAGES 74
5.1 DISADVANTAGE 74
5.2 APPLICATION 74
6 CONCLUTION 75
REFERENCES 76
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
1.1 2D CAD Model all view 54
1.2 2D Front view 55
1.3 2D Side views 56
1.4 2D ISO Metric views 57
1.5 3D CAD Model all view 54
1.6 3D Front view 55
1.7 3D Side views 56
1.8 3D ISO Metric views 57
4.1 Directional Deformation Surface flow 58
4.2 Directional Deformation Line flow 59
4.3 Directional Deformation Layer flow 59
4.4 Total Deformation Surface Flow 60
4.5 Total Deformation Line Flow 60
4.6 Total Deformation Layer Flow 61
4.7 Maximum Shear Stress Line Flow 61
4.8 Maximum Shear Stress Layer Flow 62
4.9 Maximum Shear Stress Surface Flow 62
4.10 Shear Elastic Strain Line Flow 63
4.11 Shear Elastic Strain Layer Flow 63
4.12 Shear Elastic Strain Surface Flow 64
4.13 Stress Intensity Line Flow Analysis 64
4.14 Stress Intensity Layer Flow Analysis 65
4.15 Stress Tool Life Cycles 65
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