SUMMER INTERNSHIP AT

“G.S.E.C.L. THERMAL POWER STATION SIKKA’’

Submitted by
ARJUN H. SOMAIYA

Prof. Anoop Budhrani

B.E. (Electrical), M.E. (Power System), Assistant Professor

A Project Report Submitted to

Gujarat Technological University
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Electrical

AUGUST 2022

Vyavsayi Vidhya Pratishthan Engineering College

Virda Vajadi, Kalawad Road, Rajkot, Gujarat-360005
 Vyavsayi Vidhya Pratishthan Engineering College
Virda Vajadi, Kalawad Road, Rajkot, Gujarat-360005

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project work embodied in this report entitled Summer
Internship at GSECL Sikka Thermal Power Station was carried out by Mr.
ARJUN H. SOMAIYA at V.V.P. Engineering College for partial fulfilment
of B.E. degree to be awarded by Gujarat Technological University. This
project work has been carried out under my supervision and is to the
satisfaction of department. The student’s work has been published/accepted
for publication.

Date:
Place:

Prof. Anoop Budhrani Dr. Alpesh Adeshara

___________________ __________________

Principal Dr. Tejas Patalia

 Vyavsayi Vidhya Pratishthan Engineering College
Kalawad Road Virda Vajadi Rajkot Gujarat 360005

DECLARATION

I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this report and that neither any part
of this work nor the whole of the work has been submitted for a degree to any
other University or Institution.
I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my work does not infringe upon
anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques,
quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my report,
published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard
referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted
material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Indian
Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright
owner(s) to include such material(s) in my work and have included copies of such
copyright clearances to my appendix.
I declare that this is a true copy of my report, including any final revisions, as
approved by my supervisor.

Date:
Place:
 ARJUN H. SOMAIYA
Table of Contents
Title Page i
Certificate Page ii
Declaration of Originality Page iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
Abstract 1
List of Figures 2
Chapter 1 About Company 3
1.1 Thermal Power Plant 4
1.2 Maintenance Departments 5
1.2. Main Plant 6
1.2 Switch Yard 7
Chapter 2 Different Types of Cycle 8
2.1 Coal & Ash Handling Cycle 8
2.2 Air & Gas Cycle 9
2.2 Water to Steam Cycle 10
2.2. Electrical Cycle 11
CONCLUSION 20
 ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

SUMMER INTERNSHIP AT
“G.S.E.C.L. THERMAL POWER STATION SIKKA’’

Submitted by
ARJUN H. SOMAIYA

Prof. Anoop Budhrani

B.E. (Electrical), M.E. (Power System), Assistant Professor

“G.S.E.C.L. THERMAL POWER STATION SIKKA’’

GSECL Garden Rd, GSECL Colony, Urjanagar, Sikka, Gujarat 361141

Thermal Power Plant is a major source of electricity production by

coal. We will understand the overview of Thermal Power Plant i.e., its parts
such as boiler, turbine etc. Overview of Thermal Power Plant is very
important for its better functioning and for its maintenance. The
satisfactory design consists of selection of sites; estimation of cost;
selection of Boiler, Turbine, Electrical Generator, Cooling System. The
Transportation of electrical energy is more economical to the
transportation of coal.

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 LIST OF FIGURES

List of Figures
Fig.1 Maintenance Department 5
Fig.2 Personal Protective Equipment 5
Fig.3 Coal & Ash Cycle 8
Fig.4 Air & Gas Cycle 9
Fig.5 Water & Steam Cycle 10
Fig.6 Scada System of 220 KV Switchyard 11
Fig.7 ICT Transformer Name Plate 16
Fig.8 Exciter Inner View 17
Fig.9 Generator Name Plate 17
Fig.10 Information from BHEL 18-19

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 ABOUT COMPANY

❖ ABOUT COMPANY (GSECL T.P.S SIKKA)

Project – Sikka Thermal Power Station, Commission Date – March 1988

Approved Capacity in MW – 500 Megawatt, Installed Capacity in MW – 500 Megawatt
Status – Retired (Unit 1 & 2), Operational (Unit 3 & 4) Primary Fuel – Coal
Type – Subcritical, Owner – Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited

States Unit Sizes – 500 Megawatt (2 units x 250 Megawatt) Units Operational – 2
Unit Commissioned
Stage 1 - Unit 1- 120 Megawatt – March 1988 – Retired
Stage 2 - Unit 2- 120 Megawatt – March 1993 – Retired
Stage 3 - Unit 3- 250 Megawatt – March 2015 - Operational
Stage 4 - Unit 4- 250 Megawatt – September 2015 – Operational

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 ABOUT COMPANY

❖ THERMAL POWER PLANT

Thermal power plant or steam power plant is a generating station which converts heat
energy of fossil fuels into electrical energy. Generally bituminous, brown or peat type coal
is used as the fuel of coal based thermal power plant.

In a thermal power plant, coal is burnt in a big boiler which produces steam at high pressure
and temperature. This steam is passed through a steam turbine which converts steam's heat
energy into mechanical energy. The steam turbine acts as a prime mover and it is coupled
to an alternator. Now alternators collect the mechanical energy from the steam turbine and
convert into electrical energy. In this power plant, steam turbine sometimes acts as
auxiliary equipment like pumps, strokes etc. This is very basic introduction of coal based
thermal power plant.

Though thermal efficiency and overall efficiency of thermal power plant is comparatively
less than other power plant like nuclear power plant but still it is very popular. The only
reason behind that, is coal. It is very cheap and easily available as well. Still, now maximum
energy is supplied by the coal-based thermal power plant

A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is
burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbine
produces mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine. Thermal
Power Plants contribute maximum to the generation of Power for any country.

Thermal Power Plants constitute 75.43% of the total installed captive and non-captive
power generation in India. In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are
employed as primary sources of energy.

In a Sikka Thermal Power Station there are 3 Department working in electrical systems:

EMD – 1
EMD – 2
EMD – 3

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 ABOUT COMPANY

SAFETY & DO’S AND DON’TS FOR INTERN

Safety Norms
1. Gate Pass
2. Safety Shoe’s
3. Helmets
4. Mask

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Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College
 ABOUT COMPANY

Do’s
1. Only Authorized person should enter in Electrical Installation.
2. Before starting work on electrical panel always wear arc flash suit and
electrical hand gloves.
3. Check the gloves for leakage by inflating it and discard if damaged.
4. Use portable tools with 30mA ELCB/RCCB.
5. During welding ensure that earthing lead is connected to the job. In case of
electrical shock raise an alarm for help and use rescue hook to withdraw
the person from live conductor.

Don’t
1. Never work on electrical equipment without LC and work permit.
2. Do not operate VCS (Visual Cut-off Switch) when equipment is running.
3. Do not use damage/untested/unchecked portable tools.
4. Do not use gloves after expiry date.
5. Do not cross the arc flash protection boundary without proper PPE.
6. Do not carry out welding job during wet condition (rain or perspiration).

Main Plant

In main plant A part of Boiler & it's part, Generator, Motors.

1. DM Water
2. Boiler
3. Main control room
4. Cooling tower
5. Turbine
6. Generator
7. Battery room
8. Air & Flue gas
9. ESP & Ash handling plant

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 ABOUT COMPANY

Switchyard

1. Generator transformer

2. Unit auxiliary transformer

3. Station transformer

4. Interconnected transformer

5. Switchyard of 220KV & 132 KV

6. Outgoing Feeder

7. Battery room

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 ABOUT COMPANY

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CYCLES

• COAL & ASH HANDING CYCLES
Coal arrives at the coal handling plant and after necessary handling, passes
on the furnace through pulverize & fuel feeding device. Ash resulting from
the combustion of coal collects at the back of the boiler and is removed to the
ash storage through ash handling plant

➢ Coal Cycle & Different Components of Coal Cycle

1. Wagon Tippler
2. Track Hopper
3. Paddle Feeder
4. Conveyer Belts
5. Stacker cum Reclaimer
6. Crusher House
7. Coal Yard
8. Coal Bunker
9. Coal Feeder
10. Coal Mills
11. Furnace

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Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College
 ABOUT COMPANY

• AIR & GAS CYCLE

Air is taken from atmosphere action of forced draught (FD) fan and passes
on the furnace through air preheater. Flue gases are produced when coal is
combusted in the boiler. The flue gases after passing around boiler tubes and
superheater tubes in the furnace pass through an economizer and finally
through the air preheater before being exhausted to the atmosphere via
electrostatic precipitator (ESP) & chimney.

Air & Gas Cycle Different Components of Cycle

1. Fans
▪ Primary Air Fan
▪ Forced Draft Fan
▪ Induced Draft Fan
2. Air Preheater
3. Wind Box
4. Furnace
5. Super heater
6. Reheater
7. Economizer
8. Electrostatic Precipitator
9. Chimney

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 ABOUT COMPANY

WATER TO STEAM CYCLE

1. Feed Water Cycle
2. Steam Cycle

➢ Feed Water Cycle

Different Components of Feed Water Cycle
1. Boiler Feed Pump
2. Boiler Drum
3. Feed Regulating Station
4. Economizer
5. Boiler

➢ Steam Cycle

➢ Turbine
• High Pressure Turbine
• Intermediate Pressure Turbine
• Low Pressure Turbine
➢ Steam Lines
➢ Condenser

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 ABOUT COMPANY

❖ WATER CYCLE

Different Components of Cooling Water Cycle

1. Raw Water Reservoir

2. De-mineralized Water Plant
3. Water Softening Plant
4. Forebay
5. Circulating Water Pump House
6. Cooling Tower

❖ ELECTRICAL CYCLE

Different Components of Electrical Cycle

➢ Generator
➢ Exciter
➢ Generating Transformer & its Equipment
➢ Station Transformer
➢ Unit Auxiliary Transformer
➢ Interconnecting Transformer
➢ Switch Yard & its Equipment
➢ Outgoing Feeder

❖ GENERATOR
➢ Hydrogen gas is used to cool down the rotor.
➢ Lube oil is used to cool the bearings.
➢ DM water is used to cool the stator.
➢ Seal oil is used to prevent hydrogen leakage
➢ Seal oil coolers are present to cool the seal oil
➢ Hydrogen dryers are used which removes the moisture from hydrogen gas
and then is supplied to the generator.
➢ Clarified water in cooling tower is used to cool down the hydrogen gas.

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 ❖ GENERATOR SPECIFICATION
1. KW :250000
2. P.F: 0.85 lag
3. K.V.A: 294100
4. STATOR
• Volts: 16500
• Amps: 10291
5. ROTOR
• Volts: 299
• Amps: 2497
6. R.P.M: 3000
7. Hz: 50
8. Phase: 3
9. Conn: YY
10. Cooling type: Hydrogen
11. Gas pressure: 4 BAR
12. Insulation class: F
13. Types: THRI 108/44
14. Spec: IEC:34
15. Division: Haridwar

❖ GENERATING TRANSFORMER

GT #3 GT #4

320MVA 320MVA

16.5/235 KV 16.5/235 KV

❖ STATION TRANSFORMER
ST # 3 ST # 4
40 MVA 40 MVA
220/6.9 KV 220/6.9 KV

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 ❖ UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER
It is the transformer which steps down some of the electricity to 6.6KV to run
the auxiliaries in the plant.

The Unit Auxiliary Transformer is the Power Transformer that provides power
to the auxiliary equipment of a power generating station during its normal
operation. This transformer is connected directly to the generator out-put by a
tap-off of the isolated phase bus duct and thus becomes cheapest source of power
to the generating station.

UAT # 3A UAT # 3B UAT # 4A UAT # 4B

20 MVA 20 MVA 20 MVA 20 MVA
16.6/6.9 KV 16.6/6.9 KV 16.6/6.9 KV 16.6/6.9KV

❖ SWITCH YARD EQUIPMENT

1. Lighting arrester
2. SF6 circuit breaker
3. Double break isolator
4. Double busbar
5. ½ breaker scheme
6. Insulator
7. Wave trap
8. CT & CVT
9. Earthing
10. Control room
11. Battery room

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 ❖ Outgoing Feeder
220 KV
• Jamnagar
• Jetpur
• Moti Paneli 2
• Moti Paneli 1
• ICT 4
• ICT 3

132 KV
• Bhatia
• Bhomiyavadar
• Jamnagar 2
• Dhrol
• RPL
• Naghedi
• ICT 2
• ICT 1

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 SCADA SYSTEM OF 220 KV SWITCHYARD

Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College

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 ICT TRANSFORMER NAME PLATE

Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College

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 EXCITER INNER VIEW

GENRATOR NAME PLATE

Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College

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Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College
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Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College
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 CONCLUSION

At present, thermal power generation accounts for approximately 70% of the total amount
of electricity produced around the world. However, thermal power generation, which uses
fossil fuels, causes more CO₂ emissions than other power generation methods. To reduce
CO emissions per unit power produced, Toshiba Group is developing next-generation
thermal power technologies aimed at improving plant efficiency and commercializing the
CO2 capture and storage system.

To improve the efficiency of thermal power generation, it is of vital importance that the
temperature of the steam or gas used to rotate the turbines is raised. Toshiba Group is
working on the development of ultra-high-temperature materials and cooling technologies
to commercialize an A-USC system (Advanced Ultra-Super Critical steam turbine
system) more efficient than previous models, which is designed to increase steam
temperature from 600°C to above the 700°C mark.

Gujarat Technological University V.V.P. Engineering College

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