Project Report

Online Nursery Plant Shopping

A REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CS & IT,GHAZI
UNIVERSITY DERA GHAZI KHAN
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE MASTER DEGREE OF (COMPUTER SCIENCE)

Submitted by

Muhammad Sohail
2018-GU-1925
25
2018GU19--

Session 2018-2022

DEPARTMENT OF CS & IT
GHAZI UNIVERSITY DERA GHAZI KHAN
PAKISTAN
 FINAL APPROVAL

This is to certify that we have read this report submitted by M.Sohail and it is our judgment that this report
is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan for the degree of
BS (Information Technology)

Committee:

1. External Examiner
Dr. Israr Hanif
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Bahaudin Zakarya University Multan

2. Supervisor
Dr. Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar
Associate professor
Ghazi University D G Khan

3. Head of Department
Dr. Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar
Associate professor
Ghazi University D G Khan

I
 DEDICATION

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENEFICIENT,

THE MOST MERCIFUL

All my words dedicated with respect to

MY LOVING PARENTS & FRIENDS

Whose love and prays always accompanies me like a
shining star whenever I was in darkness and enable me
to reach this stage.

MY PROJECT SUPERVISOR & MY TEACHERS

II
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Allah is very kind, merciful and compassionate. His benevolence and blessings enabled me to accomplish
this task.

I am thankful to our supervisor and mentor Dr. Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar who guided me and helped
me at each step of the project and enlightened me with his knowledge and ideas. A project can never be
successful without a great supervisor and Dr. Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar is indeed one of the great
supervisors. I especially thank him for his great ideas and help in the designing phase of the project.

I express my deep gratefulness to my parents and family for their prayer, honest support, and heartfelt
wishes for the accomplishment of my work.

I am greatly obliged to my respected moral and kind-hearted supervisor Dr. Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar
that he suggested me a very breathtaking and productive idea and supervised and co-operated my project
whole heartedly.

Finally, my optimum appreciation goes to the Almighty Allah without WHOME, nothing is possible who
blessed us with the knowledge and capacity to learn this computer stuff.

M.Sohail

III
 PROJECT BRIEF

PROJECT NAME Online Nursery Plant Shopping

UNDERTAKEN BY Muhammad Sohail

SUPERVISED BY Dr. Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad Umar

STARTING DATE September 29, 2021

COMPLETION DATE August 25,2022

COMPUTER USED Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4300U CPU @ 1.90GHz

2.50 GHz 8GB RAM

MS Windows 10 Pro
OPERATING SYSTEM

SOURCE LANGUAGE(S) HTML, CSS , PHP, MYSQL

DATABASE USED MYSQL Server

TOOLS/PACKAGES Visual Studio , WAMP

IV
 ABSTRACT

Many people want to buy plants and they directly concerned to the nursery and buy the plants but sometimes
people doesn’t know specific information about particular plant items as well as seller which are not technically
skilled. Customer does not compare plant price with other shopkeepers at the same time .In nursery there is no
facility for online payment only cash may be consumed .

We cannot purchase plants through online mode. Limited customers reached to the nursery because sometime
customer need to travel for long distance as nursery is far from their home. The system has the provision of
orders entered by the clients along with their contact details, grading specifications, special services, job codes,
and amount of request. After an order is entered, an order confirmation report will be sent to the client for
review. When all orders have been entered, a surplus for sale report will be created.

So, in this case e-nursery is platform where customer can compare plants pricing and make online payment
easily. Customer service is extremely important. We want each customer to have a pleasant shopping
experience, and it is the intention of our staff to answer questions with expertise and to offer advice when we
feel it is needed. Retain customers to generate repeat purchases and make referrals. Continue to expand daily
sales by adding to the variety of plants we sell.

Communication with our customers through creative advertising. Customers can buy plants from their home.
Customers can view a large number of plants available in a nursery. When an admin decides to check out the
order, then information including the buyer’s name, address and billing instruction is record in system for future
references.

V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page No.
Chapter 1
Introduction

1 INTRODUCTIONError! Bookmark not defined.

1.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………….. 2
1.2 Statement of Problem…………………………………………………………… 2
1.3 Solution of Proposed System…………………………………………………….3

Chapter 2

System Analysis

2 System Analysis

2.1 Feasibility Study…………………………………………………………… ...4

2.1.1 Technical Feasibility …………………………………………………4

2.1.2 Economical Feasibility………………………………………………5

2.2 Existing System………………………………………………………………5

Chapter 3

Tools And Techniques

VI
 3.1 Hardware used with technical specifications……………………………………………7
3.2 Software(s) used………………………………………………………………….7
3.2.1 Operating System Windows 10 ……………………………………………….7
3.2.2 Sublime Text Editor………………………………………………………………8
3.2.3 XAMPP…………………………………………………………………………..8
3.2.4 Browser…………………………………………………………………………..8
3.3 Technique ……………………………………………………………………….8
3.3.1 HTML…………………………………………………………………………….8
3.3.2 CSS………………………………………………………………………………9
3.3.3 PHP……………………………………………………………………………..10
3.3.4 Bootstrap…………………………………………………………………………10
3.4 Summary………………………………………………………………………………….10
Chapter 4
METHODOLOGY

4 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Design of Investigation…………………………………………………………….11
4.1.1 Use Case Diagram………………………………………………………………….13
4.1.2 Flowchart……………………………………………………………………………21
4.1.3 Sequence Diagram ………………………………………………………………….22
4.1.4 Class Diagram………………………………………………………………………..24
4.2.1 Details about Hardware……………………………………………………………….27
4.2.2 Detail about System……………………………………………………………………28
4.3 Verification of Functionality…………………………………………………………..28
4.3.1 Admin Functionalities…………………………………………………………..……..28
4.3.2 Client Functionalities…………………………………………………..……………..28
4.3.4 Functional Requirement……………………………………………………………………..29

Chapter 5

SYSTEM TESTING
5 SYSTEM TESTING
5.1 Objective Testing……………………………………………………………………..32
5.2 Usability Testing………………………………………………………………………33
5.2.1 Content……………………………………………………………………………..33
5.3 Software Performance Testing…………………………………………………….34
5.3.1 Testing performance types ………………………………………………………34
5.4 Compatibility Testing………………………………………………………………..35
5.4.1 Types of Compatibility Tests…………………………………………………………35
5.4.2 How to do Compatibility Testing……………………………………………………36
5.5 Load Testing…………………………………………………………………………..37
5.6 Security Testing………………………………………………………………………..38
5.10 summary………………………………………………………………………………..39

Chapter 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

6.1 Achievements………………………………………………………………………….40
6.2 Presentation of the Findings ………………………………………………………… 40
6.3 Hardware results……………………………………………………………………41
6.4 Software results………………………………………………………………………41
6.4.1 Admin Site ………………………………………………………………………….42
6.4.2 Client Site………………………………………………………………………….43
6.5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….48
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 Introduction

INTRODUCTION
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any bash regarding event. Buying a high-quality floral arrangement, a trusted dealer

User Types:
• Administrator
The administrator shall be able to add category, product, manage product and
manage nursery on the web application.
• Client
The Client shall be able to view product and purchased product, they can make
order and can change their password in the web application.

1.1 Statement of Problem

The existing system maintained the data manually. The data
maintenance adopted by the system is not systematic.

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ONLINE NURSERY PLANT SHOPPING
Chapter 1 Introduction

The personal details about the customers, the transactions made with the customer
in various places, Bill of material details, Receipt details, Stock, Packing, each of these
are maintained manually in a separate register. Maintaining data becomes difficult, when
the details are maintained in the form of hard copy.

1.2 Solution of Proposed System

Proposed System will be able to do the following:

PROPOSED SYSTEM

This website is capable of recording details of sales and purchase order.

Similarly keeps track of expenses and income of the company. This billing accounting
software can be used to generate various reports including Item, Ledger, Sales order,
Purchase order and Expenses ledger and more.
This website is totally self contained and works relatively as efficient as
other packages related to the subject. It provides simple database rather than complex
ones for high requirements and it provides good and easy graphical user interface to
both new as well as experienced user of the computer.

Advantages
• Expense becomes less.

• Large volumes of data can be stored with ease.

• Security is assured.

• Maintenance of file is flexible.

• Stored data and procedures can be easily edited.

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 Chapter 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
 CHAPTER 2 System Analysis

2.1 FEASIBILTY STUDY

A feasibility analysis usually involves a thorough assessment of the

operational(need), financial and technical aspects of a proposal. Feasibility study is the
test of the system proposal made to identify whether the user needs may be satisfied
using the current software and hardware technologies, whether the system will be cost
effective from a business point of view and whether it can be developed with the given
budgetary constraints. A feasibility study should be relatively cheap and done at the
earliest possible time. Depending on the study, the decision is made whether to go
ahead with a more detailed analysis.
When a new project is proposed, it normally goes through feasibility assessment.
Feasibility study is carried out to determine whether the proposed system is possible to
develop with available resources and what should be the cost consideration. Facts
considered in the feasibility analysis were.
• Technical Feasibility
• Economic Feasibility
• Behavioral Feasibility

2.1.1Technical Feasibility

Technical Feasibility deals with the hardware as well as software requirements.

Technology is not a constraint to type system development. To find out whether the
necessary technology, the proposed equipments have the capacity to hold the data,
which is used in the project, should be checked to carry out this technical feasibility.

The technical feasibility issues usually raised during the feasibility stage of
investigation includes these

• This software is running in windows 7 Operating System, which can be easily

installed.
• The hardware required is Pentium based server.
• The system can be expanded.

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 CHAPTER 2 System Analysis

2.1.2Economical Feasibility

This feasibility study present tangible and intangible benefits from the prefect by
comparing the development and operational cost. The technique of cost benefit analysis
is often used as a basis for assessing economic feasibility. This system needs some more
initial investment than the existing system, but it can be justifiable that it will improve
quality of service.
Thus feasibility study should center along the following points:
• Improvement resulting over the existing method in terms of
accuracy, timeliness.
• Cost comparison
• Estimate on the life expectancy of the hardware
• Overall objective
Our project is economically feasible. It does not require much cost to be involved in the
overall process. The overall objectives are in easing out the requirement processes.

Behavioral/ Operational Feasibility

This analysis involves how it will work when it is installed and the assessment of
political and managerial environment in which it is implemented. People are inherently
resistant to change and computers have been known to facilitate change. The new
proposed system is very much useful to the useful to the users and there for it will
accept broad audience from around the world.

2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system maintained the data manually. The data maintenance
adopted by the system is not systematic. The personal details about the customers, the
transactions made with the customer in various places, Bill of material details, Receipt
details, Stock, Packing, each of these are maintained manually in a separate register.
Maintaining data becomes difficult, when the details are maintained in the form of hard
copy.
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ONLINE NURSERY PLANT SHOPPING
 CHAPTER 2 System Analysis

Disadvantages:
• Highly Expensive.
• Storing data and retrieval becomes very difficult.
• It is not computerized and hence not systematic.
• Lack of database security.
• Same data are stored in more than one location.
• Access speed is less for searching and modifying data.
products, offers, change in prices.

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 Chapter 3
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
 Chapter 3 Tools And Techniques

3 Tools And Techniques

In this chapter we will discuss Tools and Technologies that we used. “Online Notice
Board” is Web Application. There are a variety of tools and techniques to build this type
of application, but we have used techniques HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, PHP, with Sublime
text editor. Sublime text editor is a free source code editor developed by Microsoft for
Windows, Linux and Mac OS.

3.1 Hardware used with technical specifications

• Processor: AMD A6-4400M
• Processor Speed: 2.7GHZ
• RAM: 8 GB RAM
• Hard Disk: 320 GB Storage
3.2 Software(s) used

The following software and tools are used to develop this application.
• Operating System Windows 10
• Sublime Text Editor
• XAMPP
• Browser

3.2.1 Operating System Windows 10

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by
a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application
programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined
application program interface. In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system
through a user interface such as a command line or a graphical user interface.

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 Chapter 3 Tools And Techniques

3.2.2 Visual Studio

Visual Studio is a free source code editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, Linux, and
Mac OS. Features include Syntax Highlight, Auto Indentation, File Type Recognition, Sidebar,
Macros, Plug-in, and Packages that make it easy for working with code base.

3.2.3 XAMPP

XAMPP stands for "Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP." XAMPP is a variation of LAMP
for Windows systems and is often installed as a software bundle (Apache, MySQL, and PHP).
It is often used for web development and internal testing but may also be used to serve live
websites.

3.2.4 Browser
A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide
Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser
retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then displays the page on the
user's device.
3.3 Techniques

• HTML.

• CSS.

• PHP.

• Bootstrap

3.3.1 HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents
designed to be displayed in a web browser. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document. HTML
elements are the building blocks of HTML
pages. With HTML constructs, images, and other objects such as interactive forms may
be embedded into the rendered page.

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 Chapter 3 Tools And Techniques

3.3.2 CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation of a document
written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World
Wide Web,
alongside HTML and JavaScript. CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation
and content,
including layout, colors, and fonts as shown in
Figure 0.1.

Figure 0.1 CSS

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 Chapter 3 Tools And Techniques

3.3.3 PHP

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development.

Danish Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf originally created it in 1994; The PHP Group
now produces the PHP reference implementation. PHP originally stood for Personal Home
Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. A PHP
interpreter implemented as a module, a daemon or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
executable usually processes PHP code on a web server.

3.2.5 Bootstrap

Bootstrap is a free and open-source CSS framework directed at responsive, mobile-

first front-end web development. It contains CSS- and (optionally) JavaScript-based
design templates
for typography, forms, buttons, navigation and other interface components. Simply put,
Bootstrap is a wide array of tools that rely on re-usable code so that you do not have to
develop the building blocks of a website from scratch.

3.4 Summary

In this chapter we discussed about the tools and the techniques we use to make the
project in the running form and which programing language is used for development of
the project and tools we use to run the project. Computer is the combination of two
things hardware and software, so we use software to make the project as well as the
hardware.

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Chapter 4
Methodology
 Chapter 4 Methodology

Methodology

Software development methodology is a process or series of processes used in software

development. The design of software is essentially a skill, but it usually requires a
structure which will provide a guide or a methodology for this task. A methodology can
be defined as the underlying principles and rules that govern a system. A method can
be defined as a systematic procedure for a set of activities. Thus,from these definitions,
a methodology will encompass the methods used within the methodology.Different
methodologies can support work in different phases of the system life cycle, for
example, planning, analysis, design, and programming, testing and implementation.
Svoboda (1990) developed the idea of a methodology further by proposing that there
should be at least four components:

• A conceptual model of constructs essential to the problem

• A set of procedure suggesting the direction and order to proceed
• A series of guidelines identifying things to be avoided
• Collection of evaluation criteria for assessing the quality of the product.
The conceptual model is needed to direct or guide the designers to the relevant
aspects of the system. The set of procedure provides the designer a systematic and
logical set of activities to begin the design task. The evaluation criteria provide an
objective measurement of the work done against some established standard or
specifications. Methodologies are an integrated set of the above tools and techniques.
The methodologies should be well documented for accomplishing the task or activity
and provide a description of the process to be used.

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

A software design methodology can be structured as comprising of the software

design process component and the software design representation or diagrammatic
component.

4.1 Design of Investigation

UI design review the site analysis document and create different pages for the
complete system starting from the home page. It pays special attention to checkout
process and access to support. At this stage you begin to see what your website will
look like. This is the best time to suggest changes to the system as this stage can
accommodate any and every change needed. The final is now converted to responsive
cross device and platform compliant HTML skin depending on the ecommerce
platform suggested. This phase is very important as the HTML delivered will dictate
how the site works, by ensuring the HTML is fully compliant with web standards we
speed up the process and avoid expensive mistake.
Project design is an early phase of the project where a project's key features, structure,
criteria for success, and major deliverables are all planned out. The point is to develop
one or more designs which can be used to achieve the desired project goals.
Stakeholders can then choose the best design to use for the actual execution of the
project. The project design phase might generate a variety of different outputs,
including sketches, flowcharts, site trees, HTML screen designs, prototypes, photo
impressions. Following are some designs which describe our system workflow and
activity. By adding this design, it’s now easy to understand the system and its
working. In these designs, we have explained the system more simply. In these
designs include activity diagram, use cases of system and class diagram.

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

4.1.1 Use Case Diagram

Use case diagrams are considered for high level requirement analysis of a system. When
the requirements of a system are analyzed, the functionalities are captured in use cases.
Use case diagrams specify the events of a system and their flows. But use case diagram
never describes how they are implemented. Use case diagram can be imagined as a black
box where only the input, output and the function of the black box is known. These
diagrams are used at a very high level of design. Then this high-level design is refined
again and again to get a complete and practical picture of the system. So, we can say that
use cases are nothing, but the system functionalities written in an organized manner. Now
the second things which are relevant to the use cases are the actors. Actors can be defined
as something that interacts with the system. The actors can be human user, some internal
applications or may be some external applications. So, in a brief when we are planning to
draw a use case diagram, we should have the following items identified in use case
diagram:

• Functionalities to be represented as a use case

• Actors
• Relationships among the use cases and actors

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

4.1.1.1 Use Case Terminology

A use case describes a sequence of actions that provide something of measurable value to an
actor.

• Actors
An actor is a person, organization, or external system that plays a role in one or more
interactions with your system.
• Associations
An association exists whenever an actor is involved with an interaction described by a use case.
Associations are modeled as lines connecting use cases and actors to one another.
• System boundary
A rectangle around the use cases, called the system boundary, to indicate the scope of the
system.

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

4.1.1.2 Use case Scenario’s

Usage Scenario 1:
Table 0.1 Login usecase scenario

Use case Scenario

Use Case Title Login
Use Case ID Uc-1
Actor Admin
Actions ➢ The user will click on the login
button mention on the home
page.
➢ The user will go to the login
page.
➢ The user will provide an email
ID and password.
➢ Click on the login button.
➢ The user account page will be
open.
Description Users will provide the necessary
information (Roll Number and
Password) to login into their exact
accounts
Alternative path User can direct the login button
for registration.
Pre-condition The system should be connected to an internet then
user should be registered.
Post condition User will login successfully.
Exception ➢ The provided password is wrong.
➢ Allow the user to re-enter the password.

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Author ONB development members

Usage Scenario 2:
Table 0.2 Logout usecase scenario

Use case Scenario

Use Case Title Logout
Use Case ID Uc-2
Actor Admin/User
Actions ➢ click the logout button then
logout
Description Admin, user can logout to this
web-application
Alternative path None
Pre-condition System and database connect to internet and web-
application should in running condition.
Post condition Action performed successfully.
Exception None
Author ONB development members

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Usage Scenario 3:
Table 0.3 Registration usecase scenario

Use case Scenario

Use Case Title Registration
Use Case ID Uc-3
Actor User
Actions ➢ Click on the registration button.
➢ Users fill complete form about require data for
registration (Full Name, , Email, Password,
contact, semester etc.)
➢ Click the submit button.
➢ Show message user register successfully.
Description This use case enable user to
register for purchase safely.
Alternative path None
Pre-condition Internet connection should be available.
Post condition User has registered successfully.
Exception User has entered the invalid data.
Author ONB development members

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Usage Scenario 4:
Table 0.4 manage users usecase scenario

Use case Scenario

Use Case Title Manage Users(teacher, student)
Use Case ID Uc-4
Actor Admin
Actions ➢ Click manage
users(teacher/student) tab.
Change the status or delete
the user.
Description Admin will manage user like change the status or
delete their account.
Alternative path None.
Pre-condition Admin Should login.
Post condition Action Performed successfully.
Exception None
Author ONB development members

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Usage Scenario 5:
Table 0.5 add notice usecase scenario

Use case Scenario

Use Case Title Add Category
Use Case ID Uc-5
Actor admin
Actions ➢ admin will add the different category .
Description Admin should give the complete detail of product
and category .
Alternative path None
Pre-condition Admin should first login.
Post condition Action Performed successfully.
Exception None
Author ONB development members

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Usage Scenario 6:
Table 0.6 add complaints usecase scenario

Use case Scenario

Use Case Title Add Product
Use Case ID Uc-6
Actor Admin
Actions ➢ Admin add Products.
Description Add product with full detail.
Alternative path No
Pre-condition Admin will have to login for add product.
Post condition Action Performed successfully.
Exception If admin can’t upload not upload product properly.
.
Author ONB development members

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

4.1.2 Flowchart

Figure 0.1 Activity diagram of User

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

4.1.3 Sequence Diagram

A sequence diagram simply depicts interaction between objects in a sequential order such as
the order in which these interactions take place. We can also use the terms event diagrams or
event scenarios to refer to a sequence diagram. Sequence diagrams describe how and in what
order the objects in a system function. UML has introduced significant improvements to the
capabilities of sequence diagrams. Most of these improvements are based on the idea of
interaction fragments. Objects calling methods on themselves use messages and add new
activation boxes on top of any others to indicate a further level of processing. If an object is
destroyed, an X is drawn on bottom of the lifeline, and the dashed line ceases to be drawn
below it. It should be the result of a message, either from the object itself or another.
A message sent from outside the diagram can be represented by a message originating from a
filled-in circle or from a border of the sequence diagram. Sequence diagram of admin and user
will be as shown in Error! Reference source not found.

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Figure 0.2 Sequence Diagram

4.1.4 Class Diagram

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type
of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system’s
classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.
A UML class diagram is made up of:
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 Chapter 4 Methodology

A set of classes
A set of relationships between classes

4.1.4.1 Class

A description of a group of objects all with similar roles in the system which
consists of Structural features (attributes) define what objects of the class
know.

• Represent the state of an object of the class

• Are descriptions of the structural or static features of a class Behavioral features define
what objects of the class can do
• Define the way in which objects may interact
• Operations are descriptions of behavioral or dynamic features of a class

4.1.4.2 Class Notation

• The name of the class appears in the first partition.

• Attributes are shown in the second partition. Class attributes contains
following parts
• The attribute type is shown after the colon.
• Attributes map onto member variables (data members) in code.
• Operations are shown in the third partition. They are servicing the class
provides.
• The return type of a method is shown after the colon at the end of the method
signature

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

• The return type of method parameters are shown after the colon following the
parameter name.

Operations map onto class methods in code as shown in Error! Reference source not
found..

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Figure 0.3 Class Diagram

The purpose of procedure analysis technique is to prepare for the implementation of selected
solution concepts, as a result of value stream reinvention, reengineering or redesign. Changes
in activity work flows almost always affect the policies and procedures which govern the
current way the activity is performed. This phase presents findings that include recommended

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

features and guidance on overall site structure. Implementation is the process of building the
web according to its design. This discusses deeply the implementation of the system,
highlighting the testing and some of the main component of the system’s Graphical User
Interface (GUI). It will give an output from the programming language and other tool used to
develop the system. Documentation in the new system provides adequate information and
instructions that enable the user to use the system effectively by reviewing and updating the
new system while the implementation has to do with the testing of the new system for its
functionality.

4.2.1 Details about Hardware

There is no official minimum for the hardware requirements that are needed to host the
Scavengers.com Web and android app. The hardware specifications will change under the
influence of different factors that should be taken into account to make the best estimation of
the hardware specifications for the web and database server. Table 0. 8 shows the hardware
detail approximation to install the project.

Table 0.8 Hardware Detail

Item Web Server Minimum Web Server &Database Server

Processor 1.6 GHz CPU 2*1.6GHz CPU

RAM 1.75 GB RAM 3.5 GB RAM

HDD 1 GB Free Space 1 GB Free Space

Above we discuss how estimation can go. Now following are the general requirement of
hardware being used by us to develop the software. For the execution and deployment of
this website we need following hardware and specifications.

• Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4300U CPU @ 1.90GHz 2.50 GHz

• Installed Ram: 8 GB

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4.2.2 Detail about System

In order to use it effectively and efficiently, every system software need certain
hardware component or the software requirement to be made available on the computer.
To ensure proper installation and usability of the new system, the following must be
taken into consideration

4.3 Verification of Functionality

This is used to check if your product is as per the specifications you intended for it as
well as the functional requirements you charted out for it in your developmental
documentation.

4.3.1 Admin Functionalities

• Admin should have login.

• Admin can add/delete/view/edit the Category.
• Admin can add/delete/view/edit the Product.
• Admin can manage Sale.
• Change Password

4.3.2 Client Functionalities

• Teacher can login.
• View Product
• He can submit complaint.
• Change password.
• Buy a Product

4.3.4 Functional Requirement

Functional requirements define the needs in terms of performance, design constraints,
Standards compliance.

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

4.3.4.1 Availability

Availability is the ratio of time a system or component is functional to the total time it is
required or expected to function.

• Application must be responsive and available at every time.

• Application must be work on time efficiently.

4.3.4.2 Reliability

• System should be reliable.

• System should not produce an incorrect output.

4.3.4.3 Maintainability

Making changes or upgradeability in the site will not be that much difficult. By having
some knowledge of programming, some features of the application might be converted
to a new version.

• System should perform a successful action within a given time.

4.3.4.4 Performance

The product shall be based on web and has to be run from a web server. The product
shall take initial load time depending on internet connection strength which also
depends on the media from which the product is run. The performance shall depend
upon hardware components of the admin/user.
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 Chapter 4 Methodology

The Performance of our system is in the sense that:

• System should be fast.

• System should support the capability to use multi user environment.
• System must perform well.

4.3.4.5 Portability

• Easy to access anywhere any time.

4.3.4.6 Consistency

• When an administrator is updating information, consistency must hold there.

4.3.4.7 Database Requirements

In this section, the database requirements for this website are mentioned: We use
phpMyAdmin for the Database Management system. In this stage of the project coding
of all the processes is done and the backend database management tools are created

4.3.4.7.1 Database Tables

This is our database named as Online Nursery Plant Shopping which has many tables
as shown in Figure 0.4.

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 Chapter 4 Methodology

Figure 0.4 Database Tables

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 Chapter 5
SYSTEM TESTING
 Chapter 5 System Testing

5 SYSTEM TESTING
In this chapter, we will discuss the testing phase of developed application in different
manner to know that how much efficient and effective Website is. A process of
performing as application or program with the intention of finding errors and whether
the website is fulfilling user needs. It can also be defined as the ability of a program in
meeting the required or desired results.
System testing is a level of testing that validates the complete and fully integrated
software product. The purpose of a system test is to evaluate the end-to-end system
specifications. Usually, the software is only one element of a larger computer-based
system. Ultimately, the software is interfaced with other software/hardware systems.
System Testing is actually a series of different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise
the full computer-based system. Software testing is a process, to evaluate the
functionality of a software application with an intent to find whether the developed
software met the specified requirements or not and to identify the defects to ensure that
the product is defect-free in order to produce a quality product.
Software testing makes sure that the testing is being done properly and the system is
able to be used. Hence the system is ready for use. Testing gives good coverage of the
software being developed and good coverage means that the testing has been done to
cover the various areas of the software which includes functionality of the application,
compatibility testing of the application with the OS of the machines on which it is
installed, performance testing to test the performance of the application as per action
performed and load testing to make sure that the system is reliable and should not crash
or there should not be any blocking issues when software is being used.

5.1 Objective Testing

Software Testing has different goals and objectives. Software Testing has different
goals and objectives. The major objectives of Software testing are as follows: Finding
defects which may get created by the programmer while developing the software.
Gaining confidence in user and providing information about the services of transport.
An objective test is a test that has user see different services and so it can send massage
for any services. Objective tests are popular because they are easy to achieve any
services and provide a concrete result.

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 Chapter 5 System Testing

5.2 Usability Testing

Usability testing is a method used to evaluate how easy a website is to use. The tests
take place with real users to measure how easy it is for users to reach their goals.
Usability testing refers to evaluating a service or serving by testing it with
representative users. Typically, during a test participant try to complete typical tasks
while observers watch, listen and takes notes. The goal is to identify any usability
problem and determine the tester’s satisfaction with the services and store the record.
The primary purpose of a usability test is to gather the data needed to identify usability
issues and improve a website design. Even the best web design and development teams
can benefit from usability testing as the tests indicate trouble spots for users and the
areas where they are getting stuck or confused.
During a usability test we

• Find out how satisfied tester are with your website.

• Identify changes required to improve user maintenance and satisfaction.
• And analyze the performance to see if it meets your usability objectives
This system is user friendly and easy to use. Every person can use it easily. Some
recipes are sees and check the usability of the system.

5.2.1 Content

• Content should be easy to understand. There must no grammatically error and spelling
errors.
• Menus, buttons or Links to different pages should be consistent and visible to all pages.

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 Chapter 5 System Testing

5.3 Software Performance Testing

Performance testing is in general a testing practice performed to determine how a

system performs in terms of responsiveness and stability under a particular workload.
Performance testing, a subset of performance engineering, is a computer science
practice which strives to build performance standards into the implementation, design
and architecture of a system.

5.3.1 Testing performance types

• Load testing is the simplest form of performance testing. A load test is usually
conducted to understand the behavior of the system under a specific expected load.
• Stress testing is normally used to understand the upper limits of capacity within the
system. This kind of test is done to determine the system's robustness in terms of
extreme load and helps application administrators to determine if the system will
perform sufficiently if the current load goes well above the expected maximum.
• Spike testing is done by suddenly increasing or decreasing the load generated by a very
large number of users, and observing the behavior of the system. The goal is to
determine whether performance will suffer, the system will fail, or it will be able to
handle dramatic changes in load.
• Rather than testing for performance from a load perspective, tests are created to
determine the effects of configuration changes to the system's components on the
system's performance and behavior. A common example would be experimenting with
different methods of load-balancing.
• Isolation testing is not unique to performance testing but involves repeating a test
execution that resulted in a system problem.

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 Chapter 5 System Testing

5.4 Compatibility Testing

Compatibility Testing is a type of Software testing to check whether your software is

capable of running on different hardware, operating systems, applications, network
environments or mobile devices. Compatibility Testing is a type of Non-functional
testing

5.4.1 Types of Compatibility Tests

• Hardware
• Operating Systems
• Software
• Network
• Browser
• Devices
• Mobile
• Versions of the software
• Now look into compatibility testing types
• Hardware: It checks software to be compatible with different hardware
configurations.
• Operating Systems: It checks your software to be compatible with different
Operating Systems like Windows, LUNIX, and Mac OS etc.
• Software: It checks your developed software to be compatible with other software.
For example, MS Word application should be compatible with other software like MS
Outlook, MS Excel etc.
• Network: Evaluation of performance of a system in a network with varying
parameters such as Bandwidth, Operating speed, Capacity. It also checks application
in different networks with all parameters mentioned earlier.
• Browser: It checks the compatibility of your website with different browsers like
Firefox, Google Chrome and Internet Explorer etc.

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 Chapter 5 System Testing

• Devices: It checks compatibility of your software with different devices like USB port
Devices, Printers and Scanners, Other media devices and Bluetooth.
• Mobile: Checking your software is compatible with mobile platforms like Android
etc.
• Versions of the software: It is verifying your software application to be compatible
with different versions of the software. For instance, checking your Microsoft Word
to be compatible with Windows 7, Windows 7.

5.4.2 How to do Compatibility Testing

• The initial phase of compatibility testing is to define the set of environments or

platforms the application is expected to work on.
• The tester should have enough knowledge of the platforms/software/hardware to
understand the expected application behavior under different configurations.
• The environment needs to be set-up for testing with different platforms, devices,
networks to check whether your application runs well under different configurations.
• Report the bugs. Fix the defects. Re-test to confirm defect fixing.
The most important use of compatibility testing is to ensure whether developed software
works under different configurations (as stated in requirements documentation). This
testing is necessary to check whether the application is compatible with the client's
environment.

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 Chapter 5 System Testing

5.5 Load Testing

Load testing is a type of non-functional testing. A load test is type of software testing
which is conducted to understand the behavior of the application under a specific
expected load. Load testing is performed to determine a system’s behavior under both
normal and at peak conditions.
Load testing one among the different kinds of performance testing that determines the
performance of the system in real time load conditions. It is basically used to ensure
that the application performs satisfactorily when many users try to access or use it at
the same time.

• Load testing can be done under controlled lab conditions to compare the
capabilities of different systems or to accurately measure the capabilities of a
single system.
• Load testing involves simulating real-life user load for the target application. It
helps you determine how your application behaves when multiple users hit it
simultaneously.
Load testing differs from stress testing, which evaluates the extent to which a system
keeps working when subjected to extreme workloads or when some of its hardware or
software has been compromised.

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 Chapter 5 System Testing

5.6 Security Testing

Security testing is a type of Software Testing that uncovers vulnerabilities, threats, risks
in a software application and prevents malicious attacks from intruders. The main goal of
Security Testing is to identify the threats in the system and measure its potential
vulnerabilities, so the threats can be encountered and the system does not stop functioning
or cannot be exploited. It also helps in detecting all possible security risks in the system
and helps developers to fix the problems through coding. There are seven main types of
security testing as per Open-Source Security Testing methodology manual. They are
explained as follows:

• Vulnerability Scanning: This is done through automated software to scan a system

against known vulnerability signatures.
• Security Scanning: It involves identifying network and system weaknesses, and later
provides solutions for reducing these risks. This scanning can be performed for both
Manual and Automated scanning.
• Penetration testing: This kind of testing simulates an attack from a malicious hacker.
This testing involves analysis of a particular system to check for potential
vulnerabilities to an external hacking attempt.
• Risk Assessment: This testing involves analysis of security risks observed in the
organization. Risks are classified as Low, Medium and High. This testing
recommends controls and measures to reduce the risk.

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 Chapter 5 System Testing

5.10 Summary

In this chapter, we have tested the developed system. The testing is very important to
ensure the accuracy of the project. Software checks ensures that either the necessary
functionality is developed or not? Compatibility testing to test this project, purpose
testing and many other techniques are used. Finally, there are some test issues that are
working properly or not. We used White Box Testing Technology to test the internal
code segment of the project.

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 Chapter 6

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

6 Results and Discussions

In this chapter, we will describe all the results that you have achieved after completing
all the things described in the previous chapter. Try to find a balance while explaining
your results. If you are unable to achieve the identified goals, then your project / work
does not look useless. Nor should you claim that the results you have achieved have
solved all the world's problems. Follow the step-by-step identification in the section
headings below.

6.1 Achievements

We are very proud to have successfully developed our project. We learned a lot in the
process of building a Online Nursery Plant Shopping. Although we as IT students have
a good theoretical knowledge before progressing through this project, such a theory is
far from the reality to develop a real-life system that fully meets the needs of the user
during the development of the project, we have achieved the following benefits:

• Project management and scheduling

• How to interact with the user
• analysis Systems analysis and data collection
• Good knowledge of system designing and modeling
• The latest tools and technologies
• testing strategy
• User documents

6.2 Presentation of the Findings

The specifications for testing are derived from customer requirements, study of software
design code, and screen or visual interface through which the user interacts with the
system. Details of the test case are presented keeping in view the various issues for
system testing, which are discussed in the following sub-topics.

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

6.3 Hardware results

The hardware components we used in this project are selected to be more efficient in
order to get best results. For the execution and deployment of this website we need
following hardware and specifications.
• Laptop having ability to run a proper browser.
• Installed Ram: 2.00 GB
• Small dataset hardware recommendations
• Medium dataset hardware recommendations
• Large dataset hardware recommendations

6.4 Software results

All of the following Screenshot represent the all-software pages and their functionalities.
It shows software results after testing. In admin panel, we put test on admin. Admin can
login.

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

6.4.1 Admin Site

This Screenshot Represent the Demo presentation from admin site and shows software
results after testing. Admin can login as shown Figure 0.1.

Figure 0.1 Admin Login

This Screenshot Represent the Demo presentation Online Nursery plant shopping website
from the admin site and shows software results after testing. Figure shows Admin can
generate reports as shown Figure 0.2.

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

Figure 0.2 Dashboard

This Screenshot Represent the Demo presentation Online Nursery Plant Shopping website
from the admin site and shows software results after testing. Figure shows Admin can resources
to users as shown Figure 0.3.

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

Figure 0.3 Manage User

This Screenshot Represent the Demo presentation Online Nursery Plant Shopping website
from the admin site and shows software results after testing. Figure shows Admin can manage
user as shown Figure 0.4.

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

Figure 0.4 Manage Category

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

6.4.2 User Site

This Screenshot Represent the Demo presentation Online Nursery Plant Shopping website
from the user site and shows software results after testing. Figure shows user login &
homepage as shown Figure 0.5.

Figure 0.5 User Login

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

This Screenshot Represent the Demo presentation Online Nursery Plant Shopping website
from the user site and shows software results after testing. Figure shows user dashboard as
shown Figure 0.6.

Figure 0.6 user dashboard

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

6.5 Conclusion

This Web application” FLOWER SHOP SYSTEM”

avoids the manual work and the problems concern with it. It is an easy way to obtain the
information regarding the various products information that is present in the markets.
This system is an improved application better than the existing one’s regarding the
information about the various activities. Still, we found out that the project can be done
in a better way. Primarily, when we request information about particular details it shows
all the relevant information.
This project is a computerized solution for storing the details of all related information
in an organization and also task assigned to an employee by an organization. Here, we
can conclude that the application been developed is to reduce manpower and various
complexities

FUTURE WORK

It is not possible to develop a system that makes all the requirements of the user.
User requirements keep changing as the system is being used. Some of the future
enhancements that can be done to this system are:
• As the technology emerges, it is possible to upgrade the system and can be adaptable to
desired environment.
• Because it is based on object-oriented design, any further changes can be easily
adaptable.
• Based on the future security issues, security can be improved using emerging
technologies.
• Can add more requirements with additional module can be added.

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 Chapter 6 Results And Discussions

References
Feasibility Analysis Guide, Department of Computer Science, Cornell University
http://www.cs.cornell.edu/
• Drewry, Tony, Logical Data Structures (LDSs) - Getting started, University of West
of England, 2005
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/tdrewry/lds.htm
• Prof. H. Levent AKIN, Department of Computer Engineering, Boğaziçi University,
Istanbul, Turkey
http://www.cmpe.boun.edu.tr/~akin/
• IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirement Specifications, IEEE
Standard 830–ISM4331
• IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Design Descriptions, IEEE Standard
1016–1998

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