ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS

Lab Manual

SEMESTER BEMTS-II A

Submi†ed By M. Zohaib Ali

Roll No. 201110

Submission Date 21st June, 2021

Checked By
 Objective:
Introduction to Proteus: Schematic, Simulation and PCB Designing.

Explanation:
The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used primarily for electronic
design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and technicians to create
schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards.

It is a software suite containing schematic, simulation as well as PCB designing.

● ISIS is the software used to draw schematics and simulate the circuits in real time. The simulation allows
human access during run time, thus providing real time simulation.

● ARES is used for PCB designing. It has the feature of viewing output in 3D view of the designed PCB along
with components.

● The designer can also develop 2D drawings for the product.

Features:
ISIS has wide range of components in its library. It has sources, signal generators, measurement and
analysis tools like oscilloscope, voltmeter, ammeter etc., probes for real time monitoring of the
parameters of the circuit, switches, displays, loads like motors and lamps, discrete components like
resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, digital and analog Integrated circuits, semi-conductor
switches, relays, microcontrollers, processors, sensors etc.

ARES offers PCB designing up to 14 inner layers, with surface mount and through hole packages. It is
embedded with the foot prints of different category of components like ICs, transistors, headers,
connectors and other discrete components. It offers Auto routing and manual routing options to the PCB
Designer. The schematic drawn in the ISIS can be directly transferred ARES. Starting New Design:

Step 1: Open ISIS software and select New design in File menu

Proteus File Menu

Step 2: A dialogue box appears to save the current design. However, we are creating a new design file so
you can click Yes or No depending on the content of the present file. Then a Pop-Up appears asking to
select the template. It is similar to selecting the paper size while printing. For now, select default or
according to the layout size of the circuit.

Proteus Default Template Select

Step 3: An untitled design sheet will be opened, save it according to your wish, it is better to create a new
folder for every layout as it generates other files supporting your design. However, it is not mandatory.

Proteus Design Sheet

Step 4: To Select components, Click on the component mode button.

Component Mode

Step 5: Click On Pick from Libraries. It shows the categories of components available and a search option
to enter the part name.

Pick from Libraries

Step 6: Select the components from categories or type the part name in Keywords text box. Example
shows selection of push button. Select the components accordingly.

Keywords Textbox

Push Button Selection

Step 7: The selected components will appear in the devices list. Select the component and place it in the
design sheet by leG-click.

Component Selection

Place all the required components and route the wires i.e., make connections.
Either selection mode above the component mode or component mode allows to connect through wires.
LeG click from one terminal to other to make connection. Double right-click on the connected wire or the
component to remove connection or the component respectively.
Component Properties Selection
Double click on the component to edit the properties of the components and click on Ok.

Component Properties Edit

Step 8: After connecting the circuit, click on the play button to run the simulation

Simulation Run

In this example simulation, the button is depressed during simulation by clicking on it to make LED glow.
 Simulation
Animating

Simulation can be stepped, paused or stopped at any time.

Simulation Step-Pause-Stop Buttons

Designing of PCB using Proteus:

PCB stands for Printed Circuit Board. The naming convention will be clear once steps for the design are
understood. On a lower level of project, PCBs are usually designed on a board whose one side is lined
with copper. But on the industrial scale or on a professional level, it is preferred to have a double sided
PCB. This also complexes the procedure through which PCBs are made. This document only emphasizes
on PCB designing in PROTEUS 7.10 sp0. Other versions of PROTEUS may have similar steps but you might
need to be cautious anyway.
Proteus ISIS:

Open the ‘ISIS Professional’ from PROTEUS. This is the application where the simulations of the circuits
can be tested. But the same file can be further processed to transform it into a layout. Layout is the final
design which is needed in order to make the PCB of a circuit. To make the schematic, first we must have
its raw design. Below is the schematic, that this documents uses to explain the steps to make the PCB.
Figure 1

Making Schematic:
To make the schematic, first add the suitable components in the ‘Component Mode’ pane. This can be
done by selecting the ‘Component Mode’ icon indicated by the arrow number 1 in Figure-2.
The ‘PANE’ will be empty in the start. To add the components click on the ‘P’ indicated by red square in
the figure, and then type in the name to add the appropriate component.

Fill in all the components required to complete the desired schematic. In our case, add the components
as shown by figure to proceed further. The icon indicated by arrow number 2 is ‘Terminals Mode’. This
contains the ‘Power’ and ‘Ground’ terminals required in the circuit. The ‘Ground’ terminal must be
connected if it is required to generate a Power Plane. Power Plane will be explained later in the
document.

Now, to place a component in the main window (right to the pane), just select the component from the
pane. Then, click once in the main window. The component will appear instead of the ‘pencil’ pointer.
Move the component to an appropriate location and then place it by clicking once more. To place a wire
between the components, simply click on one of the component’s end using the ‘pencil’ pointer. Then,
click on other’s component end. In this case, click and hold is not necessary. Complete the schematic
given in Figure-1.
 Figure 2

Adding Footprints:

Adding or editing the footprints is the most crucial and important step in the making of the PCB. But
before this, let us discuss how to change the values of the components in the schematic. To do this,
double click on the text attached to the component placed in the main window. This will bring another
window, so that the change in the component value can be made. To add or edit the footprint, double
click on the component instead of the text attached to the component. A window similar to following
figure will be opened.

Figure 3

If the default footprint is correct, don’t bother to change it. But if it is not, click on the question mark
indicated by the red square in Figure-3 to change it. The footprint is searched by first erasing the actual
footprint, then by choosing the appropriate category, type and sub-category. The most important issue in
dealing with the footprints is its compatibility between the soGware and the real world components. To
be certain of this, extra work is required before even starting the PCB designing on the soGware. For this
schematic, just add the footprints of the components as follows:
CONN-H2 > T BLOCK-I2. Category: Connectors, Type: Through Hole, Sub-category:
Terminal Blocks
DIODE > DO41. Category: Discrete Components, Type: Through Hole, Sub-category:

Diodes
CAP > ELEC-RAD75M. Category: Discrete Components, Type: Through Hole, Sub- category:
Radial Electrolytics

CAP > ELEC-RAD20M. Category: Discrete Components, Type: Through Hole, Sub- category:
Radial Electrolytics
7805 > TO220. Category: Discrete Components, Type: Through Hole, Sub-category:
Transistors
RESISTORS > RES40. Category: Discrete Components, Type: Through Hole, Sub-category:

Resistors
2N2222 > TO92-50. Category: Discrete Components, Type: Through Hole, Sub-category:

Transistors
LED > SOD93. Category: Discrete Components, Type: Through Hole, Sub-category: Diodes
Now, on this stage the simulation of the circuit can also be run. But for the current schematic, the
software will not be able to generate any results, as the circuit is incomplete without a transformer which
is left only because it doesn’t need to be included in the PCB design.
All the steps in the ‘ISIS’ are finished. To proceed with the making of the PCB, we just need to transfer the
‘netlist’ to ‘ARES’. To do this, click on ‘Tools’>’Netlist to ARES’ or press Alt+A or just press the ARES icon on
the right most side in the tab above the main window.

Proteus ARES:

‘ARES Professional’ will open automatically once the previous step is done. This is the application where
the final layout will be made. Once the layout is made, the work on the software will be finished. Proceed
with the following steps to make the PCB layout.

Making Schematic in ARES:

Now, this may seem hectic to make the schematic again but actually it is easier than in the ‘ISIS’. The
‘PANE’ in the ‘ARES’ looks like Figure-4. The icon indicated by arrow number 1 is ‘Component Mode’ that
reveals the components pane. Arrow number 2 indicates ‘Track Mode’ which will be used for routing.
Arrow number 3 indicates ‘2D Graphics Box Mode’ which will be used for Power Plane Generation. Now,
first select the ‘Component Mode’ and start placing components in the main window. Make the
schematic similar to the one in ‘ISIS’. Notice that as the components are placed in the main window, they
start disappearing from the components pane. Also, notice that when the components that have the
interconnections are placed in the main window, they show the green lines and yellow arrows like
vectors. The vectors can be annoying a bit. To remove them, go to View > Layers and uncheck the option
‘vectors’ or ‘force vectors’. Complete the schematic before starting the routing.
Picture 4
Routing:

Once the schematic is complete, the next step is to route the track. The kind of routing discussed in this
document is manual routing. However, automatic routing can be done. For this go to Tools

> Auto Router under the option ‘Auto Placer’. ‘Auto Placer’ makes the schematic and places the
components by itself on the main window. But the arrangement of the components done by

‘Auto Placer’ might not be satisfying, so may be the case with the ‘Auto Routing’. But ‘Manual Routing’ has
certain advantages to ‘Auto Routing’. The routes and their thickness are chosen as desired. ‘Auto Routing’
does not cause much trouble for smaller circuit but for larger circuits it is not recommended.

To do ‘Manual Routing’, first of all uncheck Tools > Auto Trace Selection. This prevents from selecting
default track for every route. Then select ‘Track Mode’ as explained by Figure-4. Choose ‘T50’ from
‘Traces PANE’ and make routes between the component’s pins just like the wiring was done in schematic.
Place pencil on one of the component’s end, click and release, then take it to another component’s end
and click there. Click on the second component’s end very carefully otherwise the route won’t finish. A
route of blue color appears. If instead of the first single click, a double click is made, the routes color
changes to red. To change it to blue, double click again. The red color is for the ‘Top Layer’ routing and
the blue color is for the ‘Bottom Layer’ routing. And since the PCB in progress is single bottom layer PCB,
all the tracks must be of blue color.

T50 is the width of the track. The 50 associated is the width in ‘mills’. ‘Mills’ is a unit frequently used by
PCB making softwares. 1000 mills equal 1 inch and 1 inch equals 2.54 cm or 25.4 mm. Using T50 track
means we are actually using 1.27 mm wide track. The desired width can be converted from ‘mm’ to
‘mills’. Using T50 layer, make all the routes. Leave the routes which were supposed to be ground and the
routes with the BJT terminals. Also, make sure that the routes do not intersect each other. If this
happens, the copper in actual PCB will make short connections that were not desired in the circuit. Also,
if a bypass is required, the symbols of the components
can also be used. Take the route under a components symbol and the route will be completed without
intersecting any other route.

Use T15 track for the BJT components. The T15 track’s width is kept in accordance with the BJT pins’
width and the distance between these pins. The T50 track is wide enough that it will be merged when
connected to BJT’s pin. The T15 track has a width of 0.381 mm and the BJT pins’ width is 0.56 mm. T20
track could also have been used here. Leave the ground wires to create the Power Plane discussed in the
following section. Now, the schematic might resemble like the figure below.

Figure 5

Power Plane Generation:

After all the rest of the tracks are complete, the only one left is the ground track. Instead of making a
simple track for the ground, it is preferred to make it a Power Plane. The trick is to use all the rest of the
copper on the PCB, except the tracks, as ground. This way, the node voltages are very easy to measure
which implies the correct circuit. One doesn’t need to find the ground this way. To create Power Plane,
create a board first. The board is the actual width and length of the PCB that is desirable. Select the ‘2D
Graphics Box Mode’ highlighted in Figure-4. Create a Box on the main window which covers all the
components. The width and the length in mills can also be read at the bottom of ARES window. Then go
to Tools > Power Plane Generator. A window with 4 options will appear.

The first option is ‘Net’ with drop-down button. Click the button and select the ‘GND=Power’ net. If there
isn’t any available, this means that during the schematic, the ground is missed. Now, the easy thing about
Proteus is that there is no need of starting all of it from the top. Just go to the ISIS schematic. Add a
ground, connect it and select the ‘Netlist to ARES’ option as discussed at the end of section 2.2 of this
document. Now, in ‘ARES’ again select the ‘Power Plane Generator’ option. Now, the option ‘GND=Power’
will be available. Select the option, and then in the ‘Layer’ option, select ‘Bottom Copper’. Let the
‘Boundary’ be ‘Default’. Also, the option.
given to ‘Edge Clearance’ by default i.e. ‘25th’ is fine. This is the clearance from the board edge. If the

‘OK’ button is available, click it otherwise press ‘Enter’. The Power Plane is now created.
The only annoying thing after this will be the track to ‘Power Plane’ clearance. This can be changed
accordingly by selecting Technology > Design Rules. Change the ‘Trace-Trace’ clearance to change the
above width. Now, the schematic will look like Figure-6. To print the layout, go to Output > Print, uncheck
all the layers except ‘Bottom Copper’ and to reassure that the footprints doesn’t change, match the type
of the paper, on which the print is going to be, from printer options e.g. A4. If printer is not available on
the same PC, and Proteus is not installed in the PC with the printer. Take out a print in PDF form by
utilizing softwares which allow the prints to be converted into PDF. But, be cautious, and before printing
on actual paper, again select A4 or the type of paper, the print is going on to be.
Figure 6

Making PCB:

The print must be printed on a copper board. This can’t be done directly. Also, simple A4

paper won’t help. The print must be taken on ‘Glossy Sheet’ commonly known as ‘Sticker Sheet’ or
‘Sticker Paper’. One side of the sticker sheet is rough and may be white. The other side has a thin plastic
sheet on it, very thin that is not easily noticeable. The other thin plastic sheet, if present, is to keep this
side safe and is noticeable and can also be peeled. It should be peeled before the print. After taking the
print on this side, press it against the copper side of the PCB board using Iron. Make sure that all the print
is transferred onto the copper before removing the sheet. Because a circuit is printed on a board, that’s
why it is called Printed Circuit Board commonly called PCB. See Figure-7 for how the print is going to be.
After the print is transferred onto the copper, darken the tracks using a Permanent Marker. If
inconvenient do not use marker on the Power Plane. The print and the marker are going to act as
insulation when the board will be dipped in FeCl3 solution. All the copper where there is no track or
power plane must dissolve. The remaining copper are the wires of the circuit, they
connect the components and make a whole circuit. The FeCl3 solution must be a 1:1 with water.
Generally ¼ kg of powdered FeCl3 is dissolved in ¼ kg of boiling water. The boiling water helps the
reaction of copper with FeCl3. 5 to 10 PCBs can be made using this solution. And if lesser copper is
needed to be removed, the number of PCBs that can be made increases. After removing unwanted
copper, clean the PCB and remove the marker or print using spirit. Then drill the PCB where the
components pins are to be soldered. The drilling points will be prominent in the print and thus on PCB.
Another terminology to be aware of in the PCB business is jumper. Jumper is simply a wire that can’t be
traced during the PCB. For it, drill extra holes and use an external wire and solder it to complete the
circuit. The PCB will now be complete.
Now, connect the circuit with the supply and test it. In this case the circuit is an AC to DC converter and
the BJT circuit will allow us to know whenever the circuit is on i.e. LED will blink. So, for the first
connector, connect it to an AC transformer that steps down a 220V AC into 12V AC and the output from
the second connector will be 5V DC.

Figure 7

Lab Task:
Draw the following circuit on the Proteus by following the steps explained above. Also design the PCB
schematics of the same circuit. (Attach the pictures of circuit implemented in Proteus and PCB layouts
with the lab manual.)
Conclusion:
In this lab we learned how to turn Simulation Circuits into PCB Designs using Proteus tool.
This makes manufacturing and Creation of Circuits just a little bit easier. It also helps us in determining the
size of required PCB for a Project or Circuit.