Coal andpet roleum cl ass8

Def i
ne:
1.Inexhaust i
bl er esour ces:Ther esour ceswhi char epr esenti nanunl imitedquant i
tyi nnat ur e
andar enotl i
kel yt ogetexhaust edbyhumanact ivi
tiesar ecal ledi nexhaustiblenat uralresour ces.
e.g.Sunl i
ght , air, wat er.
2.Exhaust ibler esour ces:Ther esour ceswhi char epr esenti nal imitedquant i
tynat ureandar e
l
ikelyt ogetexhaust edov eracer t
ai nper iodoft imear ecal l
edexhaust ibl
er esources. e.g.Coal ,
petroleum, nat ur al gas.
3.Fossi lfuel s:Themat er i
alsofbi ologi calor i
gi noccur r
ingwi thint heearth'scr ustcanbeusedas
asour ceofener gyar ecal l
edf ossil f
uel s.e.g.Coal ,
pet r
ol eum.
4.Fossi ls:Fossi lsar edeadr emai nsofpl ant sandani mal swhi chwer ebur ieddeepi nsidet he
earthmi lli
onsofy ear sago.
5.Car boni sat i
on:Thesl owchemi calpr ocessofconv er sionofdeadv egetationi ntocoali scal led
carboni sat ion.
6.Pet rochemi cal s:Or gani ccompoundsobt ainedf rom pet r
ol eum andnat uralgasar ecal led
petrochemi cal s.
7.Pet rol eum r ef ining:Thepr ocessofsepar atingv ariousconst it
uentsorf ract i
onsofpet r
oleum
byf r
act ional di stillationi scal ledpet rol eum r ef ining.
Q1.Whatar et headv ant agesofusi ngCNGandLPGasf uels?
Ans.Theadv ant agesofusi ngCNGandLPGar e:
i
.Theycanbebur ntdi r
ect l
y .
i
i.Theycanbet ranspor teddi rect l
yt hr oughpi pel ines.
i
ii.Theyar ecl eanf uel sanddonotgi vesmokewhenbur nt .
i
v .Theyhav ehi ghcal orifi
cv alues.
v.Theyar esaf erf uel s.Bei ngl ight ert hanai ritdi sper sesqui cklywhenspi l
led.
Q2.Namet hepet r oleum pr oductusedf orsur facingr oads.
Ans.Bi t
umenpet rol eum pr oductt hati susedf orsur faci ngr oads.
Q3.Descr ibehowcoal isf ormedf rom deadv eget ati
on.Whati st hisprocesscal led?
Ans.Coali sf or medbyt heanaer obi c decomposi t
ionofdeadv egetati
ondeepi nsidet heear th.
Underhi ghpr essur eandi ntenseheat ,t hebur i
edcel l
ul osepl antr emainsgetsl owlyconv erted
i
nt ocoal .
Thi spr ocessofconv ersion ofpl antr emai nsi ntocoal i
scal ledcar boni sati
on.
Q4.Expl ainwhyf ossi lfuelsar eexhaust iblenat uralresour ces.
Ans.Fossi lf uel sar ef or medi nnat ur ebyv er ysl ow pr ocessi nsi detheear t
h.I fconsumedata
fasterr at et hant her ateatwhi cht hesear ef or med,t heywi l
lgetexhaust ednal imitedper i
od.
Thusf ossi lfuel sar eexhaust iblenat ur al resour ces.
Q5.Descr ibechar act erist i
csandusesofcoke.
Ans.Char act er istics:
i
.Tough
i
i.Por us
i
ii.Blacki ncol our .
i
v .I
sal mostpur ef or m ofcar bon(wi t h98%car bon)
Uses:
i
.Usedt omanuf act ur ef uelgasesl ikewat ergas(mi xtur eofH2andCO) ,producergas(mi xtur e
ofCO, h2andN2) ,et c.
i
i.Cokei susedt or educet heoxi desofi ronandZi nct ot heirrespect i
vemet als( met alext r
act i
on) .
i
ii.Cokei susedasast ar ti
ngmat erial tumakeacet ylene( C2H2)gas, aceticaci d(CH3COOH)and
PVC.
i
v .I
nmanuf act ur eofSt eel.
Q6.Expl aint hepr ocessoff ormat ionofPet roleum.
Ans.i .Pet rol eum wasf ormedf rom deador gani smsgotbur iedi nt heseami l
lionsofy earsago.
i
i.Thesedeadbodi esgetcov er edwi thl ay ersofsandandcl ay.
i
ii.Lackofai r,hi ght emper at ureandhi ghpr essur et ransf ormedt hesedeador gani smsi nto
petroleum andnat ural gas.
Extraquest ions:
1.Namet hev ar iousconst ituent sofpet roleum andwr it
et heiruses.
Ans.Thev ariousconst ituent sofpet r oleum andt heirusesar e:
i
.LPG-f uel forhomeandi ndust ry .
2.Pet rol:Mot orf uel ,aviat i
onf uel ,sol ventf ordr ycleaning.
3.Ker osene: Fuel forst ov es, l
ampsandj etaircrafts.
4.Diesel :Fuel forheav ymot orv ehi cles, electricgener ators.
5.Lubr icatingoi l:Lubr icat i
on
6.Par affinwax: Oi ntment s,candl es, Vasel i
neet c.
7.Bitumen: Roadsur f acing.
Q2.Gi v esomemeasur est o conser v epet rol
/di esel.
Ans.Somemeasur esconser vepet rol/di eselar e:
i
.Driveataconst antandmoder at espeed.
i
i.Swi tchof ft heengi neatt rafficlight s.
i
ii
.Ensur ecor rectt y r
epr essur e.
i
v.Ensur er egul armai ntenanceofv ehi cles.
Q3.Whypet roleum i scal l
ed' BlackGol d'?
Ans.Manyusef ulsubst ancesar eobt ainedf rom Pet roleum.Thesear ecalled'pet
rochemi
cals'
.
Chemi calsar eusedt hemanuf act ureofdet ergents,fibres,pol
ythene,etc.Duet oitsgreat
commer cialimpor tance, petroleum i sal socal led'blackgol d'
.
Q4.Gi v eonewor df or :
i
.Thepr ocessofcoal for mat i
on-car boni sati
on.
i
i.Blackgol d-pet roleum.
i
ii
.Towerusedf orr efiningpet roleum -di sti
ll
ationt ower.
i
v.Bestf orm ofcoal :Ant hraci t
e
v.Productofcoal usedt of ormi nsectr epel l
ent s:Coal t
ar.
Q5.Dr awadi agr am depi ctingpet roleum andnat uralgasdeposi tsi
ntheearth.
Refert oNCERTf ort hedi agram.