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ICTPRG535 Build Advanced User Interfaces AT1 Noman Bandi

The document provides information about programming concepts related to user interfaces, including client-side programming, object-oriented programming, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It then describes the purpose of UI prototyping as exploring the problem space with stakeholders, envisioning the system design, and communicating possible UI designs. Finally, it lists two methods for prototyping: 1) rapid (throwaway) prototyping, which can be modified and discarded quickly based on feedback, and 2) evolutionary prototyping, which starts as a minimum functional product and evolves with new features over time based on emerging requirements.

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147 views6 pages

ICTPRG535 Build Advanced User Interfaces AT1 Noman Bandi

The document provides information about programming concepts related to user interfaces, including client-side programming, object-oriented programming, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It then describes the purpose of UI prototyping as exploring the problem space with stakeholders, envisioning the system design, and communicating possible UI designs. Finally, it lists two methods for prototyping: 1) rapid (throwaway) prototyping, which can be modified and discarded quickly based on feedback, and 2) evolutionary prototyping, which starts as a minimum functional product and evolves with new features over time based on emerging requirements.

Uploaded by

shafe SP
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assessment Task 1

Knowledge Questions
1. Complete the following table regarding programming concepts related to user
interfaces.

Give a brief description of this term

Client-side programming It is the program that runs on the client


machine (browser) and deals with the user
interface/display and any other processing
that can happen on the client machine like
reading/writing cookies. Interact with
temporary storage, Make interactive web
pages, Interact with local storage, Sending
request for data to server, Send request to
server, work as an interface between server
and user
The Programming languages for client-side
programming are : Javascript, VBScript,
HTML, CSS, AJAX

Object-oriented programming Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs


refers to languages that use objects in
programming. Object-oriented programming
aims to implement real-world entities like
inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc in
programming. The main aim of OOP is to
bind together the data and the functions that
operate on them so that no other part of the
code can access this data except that
function.

Hypertext markup language (HTML) HTML stands for HyperText Markup


Language. It is used to design web pages
using a markup language. HTML is the
combination of Hypertext and Markup
language. Hypertext defines the link
between the web pages. A markup language
is used to define the text document within
tag which defines the structure of web
pages. This language is used to annotate
(make notes for the computer) text so that a
machine can understand it and manipulate
text accordingly. Most markup languages
(e.g. HTML) are human-readable. The
language uses tags to define what
manipulation has to be done on the text.

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Cascading style sheet (CSS) Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to
as CSS, is a simple design language
intended to simplify the process of making
web pages presentable.
CSS handles the look and feel part of a web
page. Using CSS, you can control the color
of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing
between paragraphs, how columns are sized
and laid out, what background images or
colors are used, layout designs,variations in
display for different devices and screen
sizes as well as a variety of other effects.
CSS is easy to learn and understand but it
provides powerful control over the
presentation of an HTML document. Most
commonly, CSS is combined with the
markup languages HTML or XHTML.

JavaScript JavaScript is a dynamic computer


programming language. It is lightweight
and most commonly used as a part of web
pages, whose implementations allow client-
side script to interact with the user and
make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted
programming language with object-oriented
capabilities.
JavaScript was first known as LiveScript,
but Netscape changed its name to
JavaScript, possibly because of the
excitement being generated by Java.
JavaScript made its first appearance in
Netscape 2.0 in 1995 with the name
LiveScript. The general-purpose core of the
language has been embedded in Netscape,
Internet Explorer, and other web browsers.

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2. Describe the purpose of UI prototyping.

User interface (UI) prototyping is an iterative analysis technique in which users are actively
involved in the mocking-up of the UI for a system. UI prototypes have several purposes:

● As an analysis artifact that enables you to explore the problem space with your
stakeholders.
● As a requirements artifact to initially envision the system.
● As a design artifact that enables you to explore the solution space of your system.
● A vehicle for you to communicate the possible UI design(s) of your system.
● A potential foundation from which to continue developing the system (if you intend to
throw the prototype away and start over from scratch then you don't need to invest the
time writing quality code for your prototype).

As you see in the activity diagram depicted below there are four high-level steps in the UI
prototyping process. The first step is to analyze the user interface needs of your users. User
interface modeling moves from requirements definition into analysis at the point you decide
to evolve all or part of your essential user interface prototype into a traditional UI prototype.
This implies you convert your hand-drawings, flip-chart paper, and sticky notes into
something a little more substantial. You begin this process by making platform decisions
which in effect is an architectural decision. For example, do you intend to deploy your system
so it runs in an Internet browser, as an application with a windows-based graphical user
interface (GUI), as a cross-platform Java application, or as a mainframe-based set of "green
screens?" Different platforms lead to different prototyping tools, for a browser-based
application, you need to use an HTML-development tool, whereas a Java-based application
would require a Java development tool and a different approach to the user interface design.

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3. List two methods that can be used for prototyping.

1. RAPID (THROWAWAY) PROTOTYPING

Rapid prototyping is the most commonly used AndPlus. Its name refers to the ease and speed
with which a prototype can be modified to try different ideas with the user audience and
incorporate their feedback.

Rapid prototyping is also known as “throwaway prototyping” because the prototype is


expected to be relevant only in the short term, such as one sprint in the Agile development
framework. It may go through several cycles of feedback, modification, and evaluation
during that time. When all the stakeholders are satisfied, it becomes a reference for the
designers and developers to use. After the sprint is completed, the prototype is discarded and
a new one is built for the next sprint.

Throwaway prototyping can be applied to less-than-rapid prototypes as well. Paper


prototypes, in which the designs are simulated on pieces of paper or cardboard, are by

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definition “throwaway.” Computer files, whether static images or interactive prototypes, will
end up on someone’s hard drive for eternities even though they are almost never needed after
the development cycle.

2. EVOLUTIONARY PROTOTYPING

An evolutionary prototype differs from the traditional notion of a software prototype; an


evolutionary prototype is a functional piece of software, not just a simulation. Evolutionary
prototyping starts with a product that meets only the system requirements that are understood.
It won’t do everything the customer requires, but it makes a good starting point. New features
and functions can be added as those requirements become clear to the stakeholders. That’s
the “evolutionary” nature of this prototype.

In a way, the first iteration of an evolutionary prototype is similar to the minimum viable
product (MVP), or software that has the absolute minimum functionality to make it useful.
The distinction lies in how the requirements for that first version are selected.

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