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Introduction To Internet

The document provides an overview of the Internet and the World Wide Web. It discusses that the Internet is a global network that connects millions of smaller networks, and the Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It describes how to access the Internet through schools, businesses, or internet service providers. Key components that enable the Web are discussed like IP addresses, domain names, URLs, browsers, servers, and HTML. Search engines are presented as a main way to find information on the Web.

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Roshan
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455 views

Introduction To Internet

The document provides an overview of the Internet and the World Wide Web. It discusses that the Internet is a global network that connects millions of smaller networks, and the Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It describes how to access the Internet through schools, businesses, or internet service providers. Key components that enable the Web are discussed like IP addresses, domain names, URLs, browsers, servers, and HTML. Search engines are presented as a main way to find information on the Web.

Uploaded by

Roshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO THE
INTERNET AND
WEB
Internet
• It is the largest network in the world that
connects hundreds of thousands of individual
networks all over the world.
• The popular term for the Internet is the
“information highway”.
• Rather than moving through geographical space,
it moves your ideas and information through
cyberspace – the space of electronic movement
of ideas and information.
Internet
• No one owns it
• It has no formal management organization.
• To access the Internet, an existing network need to
pay a registration fee and agree to certain standards
based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) .
The uses of the Internet
• Send e-mail messages.
• Send (upload) or receive (download) files
between computers.
• Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing
lists and newsgroups.
• Surfing the web.
Internet, Extranet, Intranet

• An intranet is a private computer network that


uses internet protocols, network connectivity to
access and share enterprise information and
computing resources securely with its staff.
• Intranets increase communication within an
organization by allowing employees to easy
access important information, links, applications
and forms as well as databases that can provide
company records.
Internet, Extranet, Intranet

• An extranet is a controlled private network


allowing customers, partners, vendors,
suppliers and other businesses to gain
information, typically about a specific
company or educational institution and do so
without granting access to the organization’s
entire network.
• An extranet is often a private part of a
website. It is restricted to selected users
through user IDs, passwords and other
authentication mechanisms on a login page.
Internet, Extranet,
Intranet

A firewall is a system
designed to prevent
unauthorized access to or
from a private network. You
can implement a firewall in
either hardware or software
form, or a combination of
both. Firewalls prevent
unauthorized internet users
from accessing private
networks connected to the
internet, especially
intranets.
What is Web?
• The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information
organized into Web pages containing text and
graphic images.
• It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords
and images that lead to related information.
• A collection of linked Web pages that has a common
theme or focus is called a Web site.
• The main page that all of the pages on a particular
Web site are organized around and link back to is
called the site’s home page.
How to access the Internet?
• Many schools and businesses have direct access
to the Internet using special high-speed
communication lines and equipment.
• Students and employees can access through the
organization’s local area networks (LAN) or
through their own personal computers.
• Another way to access the Internet is through
Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• A commercial organization with permanent


connection to the Internet that sells temporary
connections to subscribers.
• Examples:
• SLT, Dialog, Mobitel, Lankabell ect.
How to access the Web?
• Once you have your Internet connection, then you
need special software called a browser to access
the Web.
• Web browsers are used to connect you to remote
computers, open and transfer files, display text and
images.
• Web browsers are specialized programs.
• Examples of Web browser: Netscape Navigator
(Navigator) and Internet Explorer.
Client/Server Structure of the Web
• Web is a collection of files that reside on computers,
called Web servers, that are located all over the
world and are connected to each other through the
Internet.
• When you use your Internet connection to become
part of the Web, your computer becomes a Web
client in a worldwide client/server network.
• A Web browser is the software that you run on your
computer to make it work as a web client.
Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML)
• The public files on the web servers are ordinary text
files, much like the files used by word-processing
software.
• To allow Web browser software to read them, the
text must be formatted according to a generally
accepted standard.
• The standard used on the web is Hypertext markup
language (HTML).
Addresses on the Web:IP
Addressing
• Each computer on the internet does have a unique
identification number, called an IP (Internet
Protocol) address.
• The IP addressing system currently in use on the
Internet uses a four-part number.
• Each part of the address is a number ranging from 0
to 255, and each part is separated from the previous
part by period,
• For example, 106.29.242.17
Domain Name Addressing
• Most web browsers do not use the IP address to
locate Web sites and individual pages.
• They use domain name addressing.
• A domain name is a unique name associated
with a specific IP address by a program that runs
on an Internet host computer.
• This program, which coordinates the IP
addresses and domain names for all computers
attached to it, is called DNS (Domain Name
System ) software.
• The host computer that runs this software is
called a domain name server.
Domain Name Addressing
• Domain names can include any number of parts
separated by periods, however most domain names
currently in use have only three or four parts.
• Domain names follow hierarchical model that you
can follow from top to bottom if you read the name
from the right to the left.
• For example, the domain name gsb.uchicago.edu is
the computer connected to the Internet at the
Graduate School of Business (gsb), which is an
academic unit of the University of Chicago
(uchicago), which is an educational institution (edu).
• No other computer on the Internet has the same
domain name.
• The domain name functions as a link to the IP
address. Links do not contain actual information,
but they do point to the place where the IP
address information resides.
• It is convenient to think of IP addresses as the
actual code and the domain name as a nickname
for that code. A typical IP address looks like a
string of numbers.
Uniform Resource Locators

• The IP address and the domain name each identify


a particular computer on the Internet.
• However, they do not indicate where a Web page’s
HTML document resides on that computer.
• To identify a Web pages exact location, Web
browsers rely on Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
Uniform Resource Locators
• URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells
the Web browser:
➢What transfer protocol to use for transporting
the file
➢The domain name of the computer on which the
file resides
➢The pathname of the folder or directory on the
computer on which the file resides
➢The name of the file
Structure of a Uniform Resource Locators

pathname
protocol

http://www.chicagosymphony.org/civicconcerts/index.htm

filename
Domain name

http => Hypertext Transfer Protocol


HTTP
• The transfer protocol is the set of rules that the
computers use to move files from one computer
to another on the Internet.
• The most common transfer protocol used on
the Internet is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP).
• Two other protocols that you can use on the
Internet are the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and
the Telnet Protocol
How to find information on the
Web?
• A number of search tools have been developed and
available to you on certain Web sites that provide
search services to help you find information.
• Examples:
➢Yahoo → www.yahoo.com
➢Excite → www.excite.com
➢Lycos → www.lycos.com
➢AltaVista → www/alta-vista.com
➢MSN WebSearch → www.search.msn.com
How to find information on the
Web?
• You can find information by two basic means.
• Search by Topic and Search by keywords.
• Some search services offer both methods, others
only one.
• Yahoo offers both.
➢Search by Topic
You can navigate through topic lists
➢Search by keywords
You can navigate by entering a keyword or phase
into a search text box.
Thank You!

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