WEEK 1: THE CONCEPT OF TOURISM AND Domestic Tourism - Comprises the activities of a

HOSPITALITY resident visitor within the country of reference

either as part of a domestic tourism trip or part of
Definition of Tourism
an outbound tourism trip
 “A phenomenon unique to modern time
Inbound Tourism - Comprises the activities of a
which is dependent on the people’s
non-resident visitor within the country of reference
increasing need for a change and relaxing,
on an inbound tourism
the wish of recognizing the beauties of
nature and art and the belief that nature Outbound tourism - Comprises the activities of a
gives happiness to human beings and which resident visitor outside the country of reference,
helps nations and communities’ either as part of an outbound tourism trips or as
approaching to each other thanks to the part of a domestic tourism
development in commerce and industry
Internal Tourism - Covers domestic tourism and
and the communication and transportation
inbound tourism, that is the activities of resident
tools’ becoming excellent”
and non- resident visitors within the country of
 “Tourism is the temporary, short-term
references as part of domestic or international
movement of people to destination outside
tourism trips
the places where they normally live and
work and their activities during the stay at National Tourism - Covers of domestic tourism
each destination. It includes movement for and outbound tourism, that is, the activities of
all purposes. resident visitors within and outside the country of
 “One must travel and remain in a place reference, either as part of domestic or outbound
outside of their usual residential tourism trips
environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business or International Tourism - Covers inbound tourism
other purposes” (UNWTO,1994) and outbound tourism, that is, the activities of
 “Tourism is a social, cultural and economic resident visitors outside the country of reference,
phenomenon which entails the movement either as part of domestic our outbound tourism
of people to countries or places outside trips and the activities of non-resident visitors
their usual environment for personal or within the country of reference on inbound tourism
business/professional purposes. These trips
people are called visitors which may be
either tourists or excursionists; residents or
non- residents and tourism has to do with Five A’s of Tourism
their activities, some of which imply tourism - ATTRACTION
expenditure” (UNWTO, 2008)
- ACCOMODATION
Characteristics of Tourism
- AMENITES
1. Tourism is a combination of phenomena
and relationship -ACTIVITIES
2. Tourism has two essential elements:
-ACCESIBILITY
Dynamic (the Journey) and Static (the stay)
3. The two essential elements must be to and Definition of Tourist
from destinations outside the place of Tourists is a word related to “tour” which is derived
residence. from the Latin word “tornus” a circle-or turner’s
4. The duration of stay is temporary and short- wheel. Visitors are any person visiting a country for
term, with intention of returning to the reasons other than of earning money
place of residence
Tourist vs Excursionist
5. Destination is visited for purposes of
recreation and leisure Tourist (Overnight Visitor) refers to a visitor
(domestic, inbound, or outbound) whose trip
Forms of Tourism
includes overnight stay
Domestic = Filipino – PH
Excursionist (Same-Day Visitor) - refers to a visitor
Inbound = Foreign – PH
(domestic, inbound, or outbound) who does not
Outbound = Filipino – other countries
include trip includes an overnight stay
Internal = Domestic + Inbound
National = Domestic + Outbound Motivations for Travel
International = Inbound + Outbound
Travel refers to the movement of people from one
location to another. A traveler is someone who
moves between different geographic locations, for
any purpose and any duration (UNWTO,2010).
There are three main reasons why people travel
Business– These are travel that are categorized
under the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and
Exhibitions (MICE) Industry.

Leisure– This refers to travel meant for

relaxations; visiting friends and relatives; shopping;
and for experiencing unique cultures and traditions

Bleasure – is combination of travel for Business Components of Tourism and Hospitality

and Leisure purposes 1. Food and Beverage Services Component
Definition of Hospitality 2. Accommodation or Lodging Services
Component
The word hospitality comes from the Latin word 3. Recreation and Leisure Services Component
“hospitare” which means “to receive as guest”. 4. Travel Services Component
Hospitality refers to the tradition that a host is
ready to provide food, beverage and lodging for Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality
someone away from home. Hospitality includes the 1. The tourism and hospitality are dynamic
“reception and entertainment of travelers, the way 2. The tourism and hospitality industry are
they are treated by the industry employees and an seasonal.
overall concern for their well-being and 3. Tourism and hospitality are a labor-
satisfaction. extensive industry.
4. Tourism and Hospitality is people-oriented.
5. Tourism and hospitality are a multi-
dimensional phenomenon.
6. Tourism and hospitality products are
unlimited.
7. Tourism and hospitality products are
purchased without even insisting the people
to buy them

Importance of Tourism and Hospitality

1. Economic Progression.
2. Generation of employment.
3. Promotion of culture and cultural heritage.
THREE PERSPECTIVE OF HOSPITALITY 4. Societal progress.
5. Significance to education.
6. Dispersion of development
7. Environment and Culture preservation
8. Build strong relationship between countries
9. Better planning strategies for infrastructure
development
10. World’s peace industry
11. Foreign Exchange Earnings

WEEK 2: HISTORY OF TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY

EARLY TOURISM
Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality • Tourism comes from the Hebrew word
"torah," which meaning "education,
teaching, or law."
• Tourism is derived from the Old Saxon term
"torn," which means "leave with the aim
of returning" in certain books.
• Travel (from the word "Travail") has
evolved from something that only a few
 people (the wealthy) could do to something MODERN TOURISM (19TH Century)
that anybody can do.
 The development of two technological
• The two reasons why people travel is
developments:
 for Business
 the building of a railway system
 for Religious
 the creation of steam power.
 The Sumerians
 Low-cost commercial aircraft
 invented money and wheels.
 The invention of steam power which led to
 The Greeks' creation of the Olympic
the popularity of day cruises and the
Games in 776 B.C. led to the
development of resorts along the coasts
development of another type of travel
of major cities throughout the world.
for entertainment.
 Thomas Cook
 They built horse stables every 6 miles,
 First travel organizers to plan a
and these specific sites can be used to
railway journey between Leicester
replace fatigued horses or get new hose
and Loughborough, England.
to travel faster
 In 1866, he organized an American
 Petrol stations
Tour.
 "Cook's Circular Notes" -
 One of the most important pilgrimage
traveler's check.
destinations in the 14th century was St. Jame of
Galicia, which is located in Spain.
 The Baedeker,
 The word “Holiday” was derived from an
 Most popular guide book of the
Old English phrase hāligdæg (holy day).
century,
 For English pilgrims had to obtain and carry
 Main book for Europeans.
permits – passports

MEDIEVAL PERIOD MODERN TOURISM (20TH Century)

 The decline of the travel declined.  The growth of income, curiosity, and
 Religious travels were the only one who adventure attitudes among people at the
turn of the twentieth century, as well as the
traveled during the period.
development of more accessible, safe, and
RENAISSANCE convenient transportation, propelled the
leisure travel sector forward.
 Educational travel was offered as a new
 The development of motor cars –
type of travel.
motorized public road transport boosted
 Young men's educational journey became
popularity of seaside tours.
known as the "Grand Tour."
 Another is the interest in international
 The practice had become institutionalized
travel.
for the top class of society by the 18th
 The Tourism and Hospitality industry
century
remains to be one of the major
 Another purpose of regular travel : health
contributors to economic
and culture. People who are sick look for
diversification and source of foreign
cures, while others seek out culture.
exchange.
 Spas or medical baths. HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
 Sanitas Per Aquas – “health through
ANCIENT PERIOD
waters”
 The term spa comes from the Spanish word  Sumerians:
espa -"fountain."  They are the earliest recorded
hospitality industry.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 They also introduced money and
 Travel grew in popularity. writing
 Technological advancements and  Alcoholic beverages – the Beer
 Societal changes which were considered to be safest
 Enjoyment (Leisure Travel) drink than their water.
 Taverns the very first hospitality
 People's increased productivity and business
urbanization provided them with the chance  Early Traders
and financial means to take a vacation  Establishment of caravanserai along
(“Staycation”) the Silk Road.
  Caravanserais were classified as  In Europe, rest houses for pilgrims were
"guest homes" or "roadside inns" established by Charlemagne
that were built to accommodate
RENAISSANCE: 1350 AD TO 1600 AD
visitors and traders for the night.
 There was a decrease in the number of
EMPIRES: 3200 BC TO 476 AD
available restaurants or dining
 Egyptian Empire: establishments throughout this time.
 Egyptian hospitality is well-known -  In England, taverns, pubs, and inns did not
large feast held in honor of their serve food or drink, and the higher class
distinguished visitors and dignitaries. disregarded these establishments.
 Egyptians were the first to start
EARLY MODERN PERIOD: 1600AD TO
the tourism and hospitality
1800AD
industry
 Famous pyramids  The stagecoach was the most popular
 Greek Empire: means of transportation.
 The emergence of inns and  In the 1600s, a rule requiring innkeepers to
taverns in ancient Greece. acquire licenses.
 Inns and taverns were highly  Innkeepers are obligated to accept all
regarded and provided excellent travelers under the common law.
meals to travelers.  The common law created two principles that
 One of the many reasons they were are still followed in our hospitality business
regarded as one of the most law today:
hospitable empires of their time  innkeepers must insure (insurance)
was because of this. their guests' property and
 Roman Empire:  ensure their safety.
 Trade, interchange of products,  A type of eating place for commoners was
battles, road networks, religious introduced at England in the 16TH century
activities, sports, and tourist sites which is called ordinary.
are all possible contributors to the  Boulanger
growth of travel and tourism.  Restaurants, a French word that
 Roman technologies such as Roman means "restoratives," were the
law, cement, concrete, and army, name for these establishments.
wild cuisine, animal fat candles, and  A dish composed of sheep's feet
roman numerals may have aided with a sauce was one of the items
travel and tourism both directly and on his menu.
indirectly.  France - Café.
 Khans  Café is the French word for
 which were a combination of “coffee”.
stables, sleeping quarters,  Café Procope
and castles, were built.
These were basic structures THE INDUSTRIAL ERA: 1800S
that provided protection not  The Industrial Revolution
just from the elements, but  It is a time marked by the
also from foes and robbers. industrialization of society and
MEDIEVAL PERIOD (DARK AGES) economies,
 the invention and mechanization of
 Innkeeping practically vanished after the fall various kinds of transportation,
of the Roman Empire in 476 AD including railways.
 Christians had a responsibility to provide
hospitality to tourists and pilgrims. MODERN PERIOD
 “Xenodocheions” Greek word that  Nineteenth Century
means “inns or resting places”  The evolution of the hotel
 The Hospice of St. Bernard was the most business.
famous of these monastery-shelters.  Hotel began serving food and
 The Roman roads became known as post beverages to the travelers.
roads were relay stations converted to “post  Sophisticated facilities that
houses” or “posting houses” – which served supplied superior rooms and dining
as a lodging facility areas to the public
 The creation of various hotel 1998 The Department of Tourism played a
selling facilities such as hotel key role in the culmination of the
bars, hotel pools, and hotel centennial
architectural improvements. celebrations of the Philippines'
 The term "restaurant" was then independence from Spain.
used to refer to a hotel's dining 2003 Under Secretary Richard Gordon, the
Department of Tourism launched one of
room.
its most successful tourism promotion
 Twentieth Century
projects, Visit Philippines 2003.
 The development of a hospitality
2009 The passage of Republic Act No. 9593,
culture among people, presented a also known as the Tourism Act of 2009,
major financial opportunity. resulted in improvements in the
 Many large hotel chains began country's tourism industry.
operating in the mid-twentieth 2010 Korean was considered as the biggest
century. contributor to the number of tourists in
 Automobiles became immensely the Philippines
popular. 2012 Following the marketing campaign titled
 The rise of motels, which are "It's more fun in the Philippines," there
accommodation facilities erected was a significant increase in the growth
beside major highways of tourism in the Philippines.
 In the year 1980, the United Nations 2013 South Koreans visited the country in
total number of 1.17 million. Americans,
World Tourism Organization
Japanese, Chinese, Australians, and
(UNWTO) announced the 27TH day
Taiwanese were next.
of September as “World Tourism
Day”.
 Twenty-First Century PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND
 The integration of technological HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
advancements into the hospitality
Cesar Ritz
industry
 Engineering advancements enabled  (The Hotelier of Kings and King of Hoteliers)
the construction of taller and more
Ellsworth Milton Statler
technological hotels.
 (Hotel Man of the Half Century)
ORIGIN OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES Conrad Hilton
DATE Milestone  (The Biggest Hotel Man in the World)
S
1950 Philippine Tourist and Travel Association Thomas Cook
was established as a private initiative
 (The Father of Modern Tourism)
to promote the Philippine as the major
travel destination Howard Dearing Johnson
1956 The Philippine Congress created the
Board of Travel and Tourist Industry  (The Pioneer of Restaurant Franchising)
1973 The Department of Trade and Tourism
John Willard Marriott
was divided into two departments that
led to the creation of the Department of  (Founder of Marriott Corporation)
Tourism as a new level of Cabinet by
President Ferdinand Marcos. Agencies Ray Kroc
such as Philippine Tourism Authority
Isadore Sharp
and
Philippine Convention Bureau were  (Man for All Seasons)
created under the Department of
Tourism Ruth Fertel
and it was renamed as Ministry of
Tourism
1986 The Department of Tourism was
reorganized under President Corazon
Aquino's
Executive Orders 120 and 120-A, and
the Philippine Convention Bureau was
renamed the Philippine Convention
Visitors Corporation.