The knowledge of science is always developing.

Science helps us to: a) Understand ourselves better b) understand what happen around us c) enhance our health by discovering better medicines. d) Ease our jobs by inventing new machines Science is the systematic study of natural phenomena: a) Growth of human from a baby to an adult b) an apple falling to the ground c) Formation of rainbow d) Melting of ice e) the fall of a ball to the ground after being released The importance of science in everyday life: a) Communication b) Commerce c) Agriculture d) Transportation e) Security f) Medicine Technology makes our work easier, faster and makes our life comfortable. Careers related to science: CARERS astronomer dentist engineer pharmacist science teacher SUBJECT REQUIREMENTS Physics Biology Physics and chemistry Biology and chemistry Physics, biology and chemistry

Biology Chemistry Physics Astronomy Geology Meteorology Medicine

Study of living things Study of chemical reactions, structures and properties The study of matter and energy The study of planets and movements The study of earth`s crust and its strata The study of weather and climate the study of treatment of disease and injuries

Laboratory safety rules - rules and safety must be followed to avoid accidents Do`s Keep the laboratory clean and tidy Wash all the apparatus after use Report any injury/ breakage to teacher Don ts Do not enter the laboratory without teachers permission Don`t play/ run in the laboratory Don`t eat/drink in the laboratory Don`t taste any chemicals Hazardous substances found in the laboratory.

Hazard warning symbols Symbols Poisonous Flammable Corrosive Irritant Radioactive Explosive Example mercury, bromine, sodium cyanide ethanol, petrol and kerosene concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated sodium hydroxide ammonia and chloroform plutonium and uranium sodium, potassium Causes Causes death or harm if absorbed through skin, swallowed or inhaled Burns easily Cause damages to skin and eyes upon contact Causes discomfort to body Gives out radiation Explodes easily

Apparatus used: a) Test tube b) Beaker To contain chemicals and carrying out reactions c) Conical flask d) retort stand- to hold or clamp apparatus e)measuring cylinder- to measure the volume of liquids f) filter funnel to separate solids from liquids g ) burette- to measure a small volume of a liquid accurately h) pipette- to measure a fixed volume f a liquid i) test tube rack place test tubes while not using them j) test tube holder- to hold test tube while heating Picture of Bunsen burner:

Luminous flame (yellow flame) we get the flame when the air-hole is closed easy to see because it is luminous gives out a lot of soot not as hot as blue flame not suitable for heating

Non- luminous flame (blue flame) we get the flame when the air-hole is open not easy to see does not give soot very hot suitable for heating

Process skills in science :1) asking questions 2) making observation 3) taking measurements 4) recording the data collected 5) analysing and interpreting data 6) making conclusions 7) writing report Steps in a scientific investigation:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Determining what you want to find out. (identifying the problem) Making a smart guess.( making a hypothesis) Planning how to test your smart guess(planning the experiment) Changing the conditions of the scientific investigations (controlling the variables) Writing down what has been observed(collecting the data) Finding a meaning to what has been observed(analysing and interpreting data) Deciding whether the smart guess you made is true(making a conclusion) Writing a report on the investigation ( writing a report)