POWER ELECTRONICS
Devices, Circuits, and Applications
FOURTH EDITION
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
3
Diode Rectifiers
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Learning Outcomes After completing this chapter, students should be able to do the
following:
List the types of diode rectifiers and their advantages and disadvantages.
Explain the operation and characteristics of diode rectifiers.
List and calculate the performance parameters of diode rectifiers.
Analyze and design diode rectifier circuits.
Evaluate the performances of diode rectifiers by SPICE simulations.
Determine the effects of load inductance on the load current.
Determine the Fourier components of rectifier outputs.
Design output-side filters for diode rectifiers.
Determine the effects of source inductances on the rectifier output voltage.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Design of Diode rectifier Circuits
The Design involves: Diode ratings, DC filter and AC filter
1- The design of a rectifier involves determining
the rating of semiconductor diodes.
The normal required item ratings include:
- Average current
- rms current
- Peak current
- PIV (peak inverse voltage
There is no standard for the design procedure, but it is
required to determine the shapes of the diode currents
and voltages
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Design of Diode rectifier Circuits cont..
2- DC Filter to sooth output voltage
The output voltage of the rectifier contains harmonics but filters
can be used to smooth out the dc output filter voltages of the
rectifier and these are known as dc Filters.
The DC filters are usually L, C, and LC type as shown below:
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Design of Diode rectifier Circuits cont..
2- AC Filter to filter some harmonics from the supply system.
Due to rectification action, the input current of the rectifier contains
harmonics, so AC filters are used. AC filters are normally of LC type as
shown below.
The filter design requires determining the magnitudes and frequencies of
the harmonics of the input current. (Fourier series analysis is required)
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Design of Diode rectifier Circuits cont..
Example:
Find the diode ratings from the diode currents.
A 3-phase bridge rectifier supplies a highly inductive load
such that the average load current is Idc=60 A and the
ripple content is negligible. Determine the ratings if the
line to neutral voltage of the Y-connected supply is 120 V
at 60 Hz.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example Solution:
Suppose the Current through diodes are as shown.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example Solution cont…
- The average load current of a diode
Id= Idc/3=60/3=20 A
• The rms current is
• The PIV = √3 Vm = √3 x √2 x 120= 294V
• So, given the diode current waveform leads to determining of the
diodes rating
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example2
Finding the load inductance to limit the
amount of the ripple current.
• The single –phase bridge rectifier is supplied from
120V, 60 Hz source. The load resistance is R=500
Ohm. Calculate the value of a series inductance L
that limits the ripple current Iac to less than 5%
of Idc. Assume that the output voltage is given
as:
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example2 solution
• Using the principles of super position theorem, the
load current i0 can expressed as:
4Vm 1 4Vm 1
i0 (t ) = I dc - . cos(2wt - q 2 ) - . cos(4wt - q 4 ) -
2 3 2 15
p R + (2wL)
2
p R + (4wL)
2
4Vm 1
. cos(6wt - q 6 ) - ..
2 35
p R + (6wL)
2
nwL
q n is the phase shift angle given as tan -1 , n is harmonic order
R
4Vm 1 4Vm 1
\ iac = i0 (t ) - I dc = - . cos(2wt - q 2 ) - . cos(4wt - q 4 ) -
p R 2 + (2wL)2 3 p R 2 + (4wL)2 15
4Vm 1
. cos(6wt - q6 ) - ..
2 35
p R + (6wL)
2
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example2 solution
• From the last equation the rms value of the ripple current
can be calculated as:
For simplicity reason consider only the lowest order harmonic
i.e. n=2, we have:
Exchange values for the RF formula shown below to have:
For R=500 ohm & f=60 Hz; L can be obtained as L=6.22 H
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Finding the Filter Capacitor to limit the amount of
output ripple voltage
• Consider the following rectification system.
• Example3: A single phase bridge rectifier is supplied from a 120
V , 60 Hz source , the load resistance is R= 500 ohm (a) Design
a C-filter so that the ripple factor of the output voltage is less
than 5% (b) with the value of the capacitor C in part (a)
calculate the average load voltage Vdc.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example3 Solution:
• When vs(t) > vc(t), diodes D1 and D2 (or D3 & D4) are
forward biased, i. e conducting, the capacitor is then
charged from the supply. If vs drops below vc(t) diodes
D1 and D2 (or D3 & D4) are reverse biased. The
capacitor Ce discharge through the load resistance R.
The capacitor voltage Vc varies between a minimum
Vc(min) & maximum value Vc(max), as shown below
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example3 Solution:
Assume tc=t1 is charging time and
td=t2 is discharging time. During
charging the circuit can be shown as
The capacitor is charged up to
maximum of the supply voltage Vm.
During discharging the circuit is as
shown , where the current equation
is given as:
Solve to have expression for the
current and capacitor voltage as:
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example3 Solution:
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example3 Solution cont…
Use the approximation: ex ≈1-x, we can write:-
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Example3 Solution cont…
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Finding the values of an LC output
Filter to limit the amount of output
Ripple voltage (Example 4)
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Solution of example 4
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Solution to example4
• The load impedance being much greater than
that of the capacitor is generally satisfied by
the relation
• The rms value of the nth harmonic
component appearing on the output can be
found by using the voltage-divider rule and is
expressed as
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• The value of the filter capacitor Ce is
calculated from
• And the inductance can now be calculated as
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Bridge Rectifier for PSpice Simulation
• The value of the filter capacitor Ce can
also be calculated from
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Review of the chapter:
Solve problems: 3.4, 3.8-3.11, 3.14, 3.17-3.19, 3.21, 3.24
• END of Chapter 3
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
