Module 2
Module 2
Science
Quarter 3 – Week 3 & 4:
Module 2:
Phase Changes
AIRs - LM
Science 8
Quarter 3 - Module 2: Phase Changes
First Edition, 2021
Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.
Management Team:
In this learning material, you will learn many of the daily physical changes we
observe around us as changes in physical state. The freezing of water, the melting of
ice, and the formation of cloud, rain, dew, fog, and sleet are all examples of physical
changes. By performing the activities in this learning material, you will observe how
arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules determine the changes in the
different states of matter.
After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms
and molecules (S8MT-IIIc-d-9)
1. What do you call the change of matter from one phase to another?
A. converting B. melting event C. phase change D. transition
3. Which of the following phase change does a substance undergo when changing
gas to liquid?
A. condensation B. deposition C. evaporation D. sublimation
5. What type of change occurs when a substance change from a solid to gas or
vapour without changing to a liquid first?
A. evaporation B. freezing C. melting D. sublimation
8. What happens when more water molecules have the energy to overcome the
forces of attraction of the adjacent molecules?
The molecules escape from the____.
A. gaseous phase to the liquid phase
B. liquid phase to the gaseous phase
C. gaseous phase to the solid phase
D. liquid phase to the solid phase
9. What happens to the kinetic energy of molecules when an ice cream melts?
The molecules ______.
A. gain more kinetic energy thus they move slower.
B. lose more kinetic energy thus they move faster.
C. lose more kinetic energy thus they move slower.
D. gain more kinetic energy thus they move faster.
10. What happens to the particles of water when it is cooled?
A. The particles become faster, lose kinetic energy and become closer.
B. The particles become slower, lose kinetic energy and become closer.
C. The particles become slower, gain kinetic energy and become closer.
D. Nothing happens to the particles of water.
C. D.
- heat + heat
12. Which of these illustrate a liquid water that freezes into solid ice?
A. B.
C. D.
13. Which of these illustrations show how liquid water changes as the temperature
of the air decreases?
A B.
C. D.
14. Your teacher asked you to design an experiment on the effect of heat in
terms of arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules, which of the
following experiments prove that molecules move faster when heat is applied?
A. I, II, and III B. I, II, and IV C. I, III and IV D. II, III and IV
Jumpstart
Activity # 1: Changes Around Me
Direction: Look around you, observe things you think undergo changes. Write your
answers in a concept map.
Changes
Guide Questions:
1. From your answers, which do you think undergo physical change?
______________________________________________________________________________
Discover
Based on the particle model of matter, particles are always in motion, and the
energy varies depending on the temperature of the sample of matter is in, which
determines if the substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. Solid particles have the least
amount of energy, therefore, they move slower and gas particles have the greatest
amount of energy that they move faster than the others. A change in phase may
occur when the energy of the particles is changed. There are also spaces between the
particles of matter. The average amount of empty space between molecules gets
progressively larger as a sample of matter moves from the solid to the liquid and gas
phases.
What role does heat play to make the changes possible?
You learned that when a substance is a solid, the arrangement of its atoms
and molecules is tight and organized, they are not capable of sliding over and past
each other or flying away from each other as they do in gasses. When heat is added
to a solid, its temperature rises. This causes the particles to vibrate rapidly and move
farther and farther apart from one another. Eventually, a point is reached when the
vibrating particles can no longer retain their orderly arrangement. The arrangement
of the water molecules in solid gradually becomes disorganized and the solid where
the molecules are in fixed positions turns to liquid where the molecules are more free
to move. This transformation process in which a solid is changed to a liquid is called
melting. If additional heat is added, liquid particles gain more kinetic energy and
they move faster and move farther apart that they become independent of one
another. More molecules therefore have the energy to overcome the forces of
attraction of the adjacent molecules. These molecules escape the gaseous phase. This
is called evaporation, changing liquid to gas.
During evaporation, the water molecules evaporate only from the surface of the
liquid but during boiling, water molecules evaporate both from the surface and within
the liquid. Even at room temperature, some molecules of water have enough kinetic
energy to overcome the attraction of neighboring molecules and escape from the
surface of the liquid and eventually move into the air.
A reverse process also happens. A gas maybe cooled or allowed to condense to
become liquid. The molecules that escape from the liquid and go into the gaseous
phase is called water vapor. The water vapor rises and cooled. When a gas is cooled,
the motion of the particles slows down. If the particles lose enough energy, their
attraction for each other can overcome their motion and cause them to associate with
one another to become a liquid. This process is called condensation, the process
where a gas is changed into a liquid. Further cooling of the liquid, causes it to freeze
or become solid. When you put liquid water inside a freezer, the cooling system of
the refrigerator removes heat energy from the water molecules as a result of which
they have less kinetic energy and move more slowly. As more and more heat is
removed and as the molecules move more slowly, the forces of attraction between the
molecules cause the molecules to be aligned. As this removal of heat continues, the
molecules lose so much energy that they are not able to move from place to place but
only able to vibrate in place. In time, the liquid water becomes solid water, which is
ice. Freezing is the process in which a liquid is changed to a solid. Note that liquid
water that freezes is still water. Similarly, ice that melts is still water. This is why
after melting an ice cube, you can freeze the liquid water back to ice. In other words,
the same molecules of water are involved when these changes occur.
Changes in physical state from liquid to gas or vice versa are common. However,
some substances change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.
This change is called sublimation. This happens when the vapor pressure of the
solid is high enough that it changes to gas or vapor without becoming liquid.
Examples of substances that sublime are dry ice, mothballs, solid air fresheners,
iodine crystals, and toilet bowl deodorizers. A reverse reaction in which gas changes
directly to solid without passing through the liquid state also happens. This is called
deposition. An example of deposition is when water vapor changes directly into ice
as in snowflakes and frost formation. In summary a physical change causes the
motion of the particles in the substance to change as well as the distance between
the particles.
Explore
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. describe what happens to water when it is cooled;
2. represent through drawings/illustrations what happens to the particles of
water when it is cooled; and
3. explain the process taking place using the particle model of matter.
Material Needed:
100 ml hot water(or ½ cup hot water)
1 piece saucer
1 transparent glass
Procedure:
1. Pour 100 ml hot water(or ½ cup hot water) in a transparent glass, cover the
glass
with a saucer.
Guide Questions:
1. Describe what you observe in the water inside the glass and at the bottom of the
saucer.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Where does the water at the bottom of the saucer come from?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Explain by illustration how the water changes from gas to liquid?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. represent through drawings /illustrations what happens to the particles of
ice when it turns to liquid; and
2. explain the process taking place using the particle model of matter.
Material Needed:
2 pieces ice cubes
1 piece saucer or small plate
Procedure:
1. Put the pieces of ice cubes on a saucer or small plate.
2. Observe what happens to the ice cubes after 2 minutes or more.
Guide Questions:
1. Explain what is happening to the particles of water in ice as it turns into liquid
using the particle model of matter.
You may do any of the following: write a description or draw a cartoon or
illustration to show how the particles of water behave as ice changes to a liquid.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain what will happen to the liquid on the saucer or small plate if it is
transferred into small container and left inside the freezer after a few hours or
overnight?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Phase change:
Energy is ______.
_______________
Fig.1: ice Fig.2: melting ice
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/melting-ice-cube.html
Phase change:
Energy is _______________
_______.
2.
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/set-hand-drawn-clouds-vector-illistration
Phase change:
3.
Energy is _______________
_______.
Fig.6: kettle with boiling water
Fig.5: kettle with water
https://www.dreamstime.com/red-kettle-boiling-water-kitchen-stove-flame-gas-teapot-open-lid-evaporating-spout-isolated-white-
background-image148734873
4. Phase change:
Energy is
_______. _______________
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asct95kxIgU
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/784400460092591041/
Deepen
A. Direction: Analyze the situations below, draw the arrangement of molecules when
the object undergoes physical change as the temperature is increased or decreased.
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
Gauge
Direction: Read each question carefully, then choose the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
2. What type of change occur when water changes from solid to a liquid?
A. An irreversible change B. A physical change
C. A phase change D. Both B and C
5. When an ice cream melts, what do you think happened to its energy?
Energy is___.
A. absorbed B. created C. destroyed D. released
6. In what phase change does the arrangement of water molecules become more
orderly?
A. evaporation B. condensation C. freezing D. melting
8. Which of the following phase changes requires the addition of energy? Energy is
absorbed by the matter.
A. condensation B. deposition C. evaporation D. freezing
9. If heat is added to a liquid, what will happen to the kinetic energy of the
molecules?
The kinetic energy of the liquid molecules will_____.
A. move faster B. move slower C. uncertain D. keep stable
10. Which of the following phase changes requires the removal of energy? This is
energy released by the matter.
A. evaporation B. freezing C. melting D. sublimation
11. Which among the phase changes released energy during transformation of
matter?
I. Evaporation
II. Condensation
III. Melting
IV. Freezing
12. What happens to the atoms and molecules of matter when heat is added?
13. Which of these illustrations show how liquid water changes as the temperature
of the air increases?
A B.
C. D.
A. B.
C. D.
15. What happens to the particles of an ice cubes when energy is added?
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/kinetic-
molecular-theory-of-matter/
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_Marin/CHEM_114%3A_Introducto
ry_Chemistry/03%3A_Matter_and_Energy/3.06%3A_Changes_in_Matter-
_Physical_and_Chemical_Changes
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-we-explain-physical-changes-
terms-arrangement-
1179894#:~:text=When%20a%20substance%20is%20a,molecules%20is%20tight%2
0and%20organized.&text=In%20summary%20a%20physical%20change,the%20d
https://www.toppr.com/en-in/ask/question/what-is-a-physical-change-explain-
with-example/
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/set-hand-drawn-clouds-vector-
illistration
https://www.dreamstime.com/red-kettle-boiling-water-kitchen-stove-flame-gas-
teapot-open-lid-evaporating-spout-isolated-white-
background-image14873487
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asct95kxIgU
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/784400460092591041/