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Module 2

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
131 views15 pages

Module 2

Uploaded by

Ratay Evelyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8

Science
Quarter 3 – Week 3 & 4:
Module 2:
Phase Changes

AIRs - LM
Science 8
Quarter 3 - Module 2: Phase Changes
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Zeny Q. Karganilla


Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.


Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D


Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II


Target

In this learning material, you will learn many of the daily physical changes we
observe around us as changes in physical state. The freezing of water, the melting of
ice, and the formation of cloud, rain, dew, fog, and sleet are all examples of physical
changes. By performing the activities in this learning material, you will observe how
arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules determine the changes in the
different states of matter.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms
and molecules (S8MT-IIIc-d-9)

Specifically, you should be able to:


A. determine the type of physical change that matter undergoes;
B. describe what happens to the molecules or atoms when matter absorbed or
released heat;
C. represent through illustrations the arrangement of molecules or atoms when
objects undergo physical change; and
D. explain the process taking place using the particle model of matter.
Pre-Test
Direction: Read each question carefully, then choose the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the change of matter from one phase to another?
A. converting B. melting event C. phase change D. transition

2. Which of the following phase changes involved when an ice melted?


A. liquid to solid B. solid to gas
C. gas to liquid D. solid to liquid

3. Which of the following phase change does a substance undergo when changing
gas to liquid?
A. condensation B. deposition C. evaporation D. sublimation

4. What type of change is the reverse of melting?


A. condensation B. freezing C. sublimation D. vaporization

5. What type of change occurs when a substance change from a solid to gas or
vapour without changing to a liquid first?
A. evaporation B. freezing C. melting D. sublimation

6. Which of the following is NOT a way that matter changes phase?


A. evaporation B. freezing C. melting D. mixing
7. Marie left a glass of water on the side walk one summer morning. She came
back after a few hours and noticed that the water became lesser. How did it
happen?
A. The molecules gained heat and escaped into the atmosphere.
B. The glass has a leak so the water became lesser.
C. The molecules of water gained heat and solidifies.
D. The molecules were absorbed by the glass.

8. What happens when more water molecules have the energy to overcome the
forces of attraction of the adjacent molecules?
The molecules escape from the____.
A. gaseous phase to the liquid phase
B. liquid phase to the gaseous phase
C. gaseous phase to the solid phase
D. liquid phase to the solid phase

9. What happens to the kinetic energy of molecules when an ice cream melts?
The molecules ______.
A. gain more kinetic energy thus they move slower.
B. lose more kinetic energy thus they move faster.
C. lose more kinetic energy thus they move slower.
D. gain more kinetic energy thus they move faster.
10. What happens to the particles of water when it is cooled?
A. The particles become faster, lose kinetic energy and become closer.
B. The particles become slower, lose kinetic energy and become closer.
C. The particles become slower, gain kinetic energy and become closer.
D. Nothing happens to the particles of water.

11. Which of the models below shows the process of condensation?


A. + heat B.
- heat

C. D.
- heat + heat

12. Which of these illustrate a liquid water that freezes into solid ice?

A. B.

C. D.

13. Which of these illustrations show how liquid water changes as the temperature
of the air decreases?

A B.

C. D.

14. Your teacher asked you to design an experiment on the effect of heat in
terms of arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules, which of the
following experiments prove that molecules move faster when heat is applied?

I. Boil one cup of water.


II. Leave a glass of water under the sun.
III. Put one glass of water inside the refrigerator.
IV. Leave 1 teaspoon of water into the watch glass.

A. I, II, and III B. II, III, and IV C. I, II and IV D. I, III and IV


15. The motion of molecules slows down and the forces of attraction between them
cause the molecules to be aligned when heat is removed from an object. Which
of the following examples justify the conclusion?

I. Water droplets are observed outside the cup of cold water.


II. The ice cubes taken from the freezer turn into liquid water.
III. Liquid water becomes solid water(ice) when place inside the
refrigerator.
IV. Liquid is observed under the watch glass that covered the beaker
containing hot water.

A. I, II, and III B. I, II, and IV C. I, III and IV D. II, III and IV

Lesson Physical Change


1

Jumpstart
Activity # 1: Changes Around Me

Direction: Look around you, observe things you think undergo changes. Write your
answers in a concept map.

Changes
Guide Questions:
1. From your answers, which do you think undergo physical change?
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Why are they considered under physical change?


______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Discover

Based on the particle model of matter, particles are always in motion, and the
energy varies depending on the temperature of the sample of matter is in, which
determines if the substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. Solid particles have the least
amount of energy, therefore, they move slower and gas particles have the greatest
amount of energy that they move faster than the others. A change in phase may
occur when the energy of the particles is changed. There are also spaces between the
particles of matter. The average amount of empty space between molecules gets
progressively larger as a sample of matter moves from the solid to the liquid and gas
phases.
What role does heat play to make the changes possible?
You learned that when a substance is a solid, the arrangement of its atoms
and molecules is tight and organized, they are not capable of sliding over and past
each other or flying away from each other as they do in gasses. When heat is added
to a solid, its temperature rises. This causes the particles to vibrate rapidly and move
farther and farther apart from one another. Eventually, a point is reached when the
vibrating particles can no longer retain their orderly arrangement. The arrangement
of the water molecules in solid gradually becomes disorganized and the solid where
the molecules are in fixed positions turns to liquid where the molecules are more free
to move. This transformation process in which a solid is changed to a liquid is called
melting. If additional heat is added, liquid particles gain more kinetic energy and
they move faster and move farther apart that they become independent of one
another. More molecules therefore have the energy to overcome the forces of
attraction of the adjacent molecules. These molecules escape the gaseous phase. This
is called evaporation, changing liquid to gas.
During evaporation, the water molecules evaporate only from the surface of the
liquid but during boiling, water molecules evaporate both from the surface and within
the liquid. Even at room temperature, some molecules of water have enough kinetic
energy to overcome the attraction of neighboring molecules and escape from the
surface of the liquid and eventually move into the air.
A reverse process also happens. A gas maybe cooled or allowed to condense to
become liquid. The molecules that escape from the liquid and go into the gaseous
phase is called water vapor. The water vapor rises and cooled. When a gas is cooled,
the motion of the particles slows down. If the particles lose enough energy, their
attraction for each other can overcome their motion and cause them to associate with
one another to become a liquid. This process is called condensation, the process
where a gas is changed into a liquid. Further cooling of the liquid, causes it to freeze
or become solid. When you put liquid water inside a freezer, the cooling system of
the refrigerator removes heat energy from the water molecules as a result of which
they have less kinetic energy and move more slowly. As more and more heat is
removed and as the molecules move more slowly, the forces of attraction between the
molecules cause the molecules to be aligned. As this removal of heat continues, the
molecules lose so much energy that they are not able to move from place to place but
only able to vibrate in place. In time, the liquid water becomes solid water, which is
ice. Freezing is the process in which a liquid is changed to a solid. Note that liquid
water that freezes is still water. Similarly, ice that melts is still water. This is why
after melting an ice cube, you can freeze the liquid water back to ice. In other words,
the same molecules of water are involved when these changes occur.
Changes in physical state from liquid to gas or vice versa are common. However,
some substances change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.
This change is called sublimation. This happens when the vapor pressure of the
solid is high enough that it changes to gas or vapor without becoming liquid.
Examples of substances that sublime are dry ice, mothballs, solid air fresheners,
iodine crystals, and toilet bowl deodorizers. A reverse reaction in which gas changes
directly to solid without passing through the liquid state also happens. This is called
deposition. An example of deposition is when water vapor changes directly into ice
as in snowflakes and frost formation. In summary a physical change causes the
motion of the particles in the substance to change as well as the distance between
the particles.

Explore

Activity # 2: What changes take place when hot water is cooled?

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. describe what happens to water when it is cooled;
2. represent through drawings/illustrations what happens to the particles of
water when it is cooled; and
3. explain the process taking place using the particle model of matter.

Material Needed:
100 ml hot water(or ½ cup hot water)
1 piece saucer
1 transparent glass

Procedure:

1. Pour 100 ml hot water(or ½ cup hot water) in a transparent glass, cover the
glass
with a saucer.

Guide Questions:
1. Describe what you observe in the water inside the glass and at the bottom of the
saucer.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Where does the water at the bottom of the saucer come from?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Explain by illustration how the water changes from gas to liquid?
_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe what is happening to the particles of water.


_______________________________________________________________________________
Activity # 3: What changes take place when ice turns into liquid water?

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. represent through drawings /illustrations what happens to the particles of
ice when it turns to liquid; and
2. explain the process taking place using the particle model of matter.

Material Needed:
2 pieces ice cubes
1 piece saucer or small plate

Procedure:
1. Put the pieces of ice cubes on a saucer or small plate.
2. Observe what happens to the ice cubes after 2 minutes or more.

Guide Questions:
1. Explain what is happening to the particles of water in ice as it turns into liquid
using the particle model of matter.
You may do any of the following: write a description or draw a cartoon or
illustration to show how the particles of water behave as ice changes to a liquid.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain what will happen to the liquid on the saucer or small plate if it is
transferred into small container and left inside the freezer after a few hours or
overnight?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Activity # 4: “Phase” Off

Direction: Below are samples of objects undergoing changes in phases. Determine


the phase change involved and whether energy is absorbed or taken
away.

1. Phase change:
Energy is ______.
_______________
Fig.1: ice Fig.2: melting ice

https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/melting-ice-cube.html

Phase change:
Energy is _______________
_______.
2.

Fig.3: clouds Fig.4: Rain clouds

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/set-hand-drawn-clouds-vector-illistration

Phase change:
3.
Energy is _______________
_______.
Fig.6: kettle with boiling water
Fig.5: kettle with water

https://www.dreamstime.com/red-kettle-boiling-water-kitchen-stove-flame-gas-teapot-open-lid-evaporating-spout-isolated-white-
background-image148734873

4. Phase change:
Energy is
_______. _______________

Fig.7: liquid water Fig.8: ice water

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asct95kxIgU

5. Energy is Phase change:


_______. _______________

Fig.9: ice cream Fig.10: melting ice cream

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/784400460092591041/

Deepen

Activity # 5: The Moving Particles

A. Direction: Analyze the situations below, draw the arrangement of molecules when
the object undergoes physical change as the temperature is increased or decreased.

1. When a liquid water freezes into a solid state(ice).


2. The melting of butter when is let out in a warm room.

3. Morning dew drops are seen on the leaves of plants.

4. Water evaporates from a pool during a hot summer day.

5. Alcohol evaporates from your hands after disinfection.

C. Direction: Study the illustrations below, explain what happens to their


molecules as they absorbed or released heat and undergo changes.

Figure 11. Example of freezing Figure 12. Example of evaporation


www.softschools.com › Examples › Science Examples

_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
Gauge

Direction: Read each question carefully, then choose the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What process of physical change is involved when gas changes to liquid?


A. condensation B. evaporation C. freezing D. sublimation

2. What type of change occur when water changes from solid to a liquid?
A. An irreversible change B. A physical change
C. A phase change D. Both B and C

3. What type of phase change is involved in melting of candle?


A. liquid to solid B. solid to gas C. gas to liquid D. solid to liquid

4. What process is involved in freezing?


Freezing is a phase change that changes______.
A. liquid to solid B. solid to gas C. gas to liquid D. solid to liquid

5. When an ice cream melts, what do you think happened to its energy?
Energy is___.
A. absorbed B. created C. destroyed D. released
6. In what phase change does the arrangement of water molecules become more
orderly?
A. evaporation B. condensation C. freezing D. melting

7. What happens to the temperature of a substance during phase change?


A. decreases B. increases
C. either increases or decreases D. stays the same

8. Which of the following phase changes requires the addition of energy? Energy is
absorbed by the matter.
A. condensation B. deposition C. evaporation D. freezing

9. If heat is added to a liquid, what will happen to the kinetic energy of the
molecules?
The kinetic energy of the liquid molecules will_____.
A. move faster B. move slower C. uncertain D. keep stable

10. Which of the following phase changes requires the removal of energy? This is
energy released by the matter.
A. evaporation B. freezing C. melting D. sublimation
11. Which among the phase changes released energy during transformation of
matter?

I. Evaporation
II. Condensation
III. Melting
IV. Freezing

A. I and II B. III and IV C. II and III D. II and IV

12. What happens to the atoms and molecules of matter when heat is added?

I. The atoms/molecules spread out


II. The atoms/molecules were rearranged
III. A phase change occurred
IV. The atoms/molecules chemical properties were
changed
A. I, II, and III B. I, II, and IV C. I, III, and IV D. II, III, IV

13. Which of these illustrations show how liquid water changes as the temperature
of the air increases?

A B.

C. D.

14. Which of these illustrate a solid changed to a liquid?

A. B.

C. D.

15. What happens to the particles of an ice cubes when energy is added?

I. The particles in a solid move faster as the solid absorbs heat.


II. The particles in a solid overcome the attractions that hold
them together as the solid melts.
III. The particles slide past one another, but are still close
together during the liquid phase.

A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I only


Pretest
1. C 6. D 11. B
2. D 7. A 12. C
3. A 8. B 13. B
4. B 9. D 14. C
5. D 10. B 15. B
Jumpstart
Melting of
ice
Growing pf
plants
Activity #3
1. After one to five minutes (depending on the room
temperature), the ice begins Change
to turn into a liquid. (Some students may write that “the ice s
melted.”) When ice,
which is a solid, turns into a liquid, the particles or Drying of
Broken leaves
molecules of solid water vibrate faster due to the higher glass
temperature in the room compared to the freezer. Paper torn
Eventually, the particles or molecules break away from their into pieces
fixed positions and so they turn to a liquid.
2. The liquid will turn into solid when transferred to the Guide Questions:
freezer.
1. From your answers, which do you think undergo physical
change?
Activity #4 - dew on grasses
1. absorbed---melting -melting of ice
2. taken away---condensation -paper torn into pieces
3. absorbed---evaporation -broken glass
4. taken away---freezing -growing of plants
5. absorbed---melting
2. Why are they considered under physical change?
-they only change in sizes
Deepen -they change states(from solid to liquid, from gas to
Activity 5 liquid)
A. Drawings must be:
1. liquid particles to solid
2. solid particles to liquid Explore
3. gas particles to liquid
4. liquid particles to gas Activity #2
5. liquid particles to gas
1. Droplets formed under the watch glass that covered the
B. beaker containing hot water. There are also drops
A. When heat is removed from the water, the molecules of water formed on the inside wall of the beaker. Some of
have less kinetic energy and move slowly. As these drops of water were observed falling to the
more heat is removed the molecules move more slowly, water inside the beaker.
the forces of attraction between the molecules cause 2. The water droplets at the bottom of the watch glass are
them to be aligned. the
B. As the water absorbed heat, the temperature of the molecules of water
water rises , the molecules gain kinetic energy that escape from the liquid and go into the gaseous
and they move faster and they overcome the forces of phase.
attraction of the adjacent molecules thus, they escape These water vapor rise and some molecules
to the gaseous phase. touch the glass.
3. Students’ drawings will vary. Their illustrations should
Gauge show that the particles or molecules representing
1. A 6. C 11. C water in the gaseous state should be very far apart and as
the water begins to cool, the particles should be
2. D 7. C 12. A drawn closer to each other.
3. D 8. C 13. A 4. When a gas is cooled, the motion of the particles slows
4. A 9. A 14. B down. If the particles lose enough energy, their
5. A 10. B 15. A attraction for each other can overcome their motion and
cause them to come closer with one another to
become a liquid.
Answer Key
References:
https://depositphotos.com/stock-photos/ice-cube.html

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/kinetic-
molecular-theory-of-matter/

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_Marin/CHEM_114%3A_Introducto
ry_Chemistry/03%3A_Matter_and_Energy/3.06%3A_Changes_in_Matter-
_Physical_and_Chemical_Changes

https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-we-explain-physical-changes-
terms-arrangement-
1179894#:~:text=When%20a%20substance%20is%20a,molecules%20is%20tight%2
0and%20organized.&text=In%20summary%20a%20physical%20change,the%20d

https://www.toppr.com/en-in/ask/question/what-is-a-physical-change-explain-
with-example/

Science 8-Learners Module


https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/melting-ice-cube.html

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/set-hand-drawn-clouds-vector-
illistration
https://www.dreamstime.com/red-kettle-boiling-water-kitchen-stove-flame-gas-
teapot-open-lid-evaporating-spout-isolated-white-
background-image14873487

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asct95kxIgU

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/784400460092591041/

www.softschools.com › Examples › Science Examples

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