A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

“DESIGN OF ROOT VEGETABLE

WASHER”

In the Partial Fulfillment of Bachelor of Engineering in Shivaji

University, Kolhapur

Submitted By
Mr. GAURAV PRAKASH KANASE
Mr. AKASH DHANAJI JAGADALE
Mr. ROHAN ASHOKRAO NIKAM
Mr. RAHUL ANANDRAO THORAT
Mr. VIKRANT BHOLANATH WADWANE

Under the Guidance of

Mr. V.M. Jamadar

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Dr. Ashok Gujar Technical Institute’s,
Dr. Daulatrao Aher College of Engineering, Karad

i
 Dr. Ashok Gujar Technical Institute’s,
Dr. Daulatrao Aher College of Engineering, Karad

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, we have satisfactorily completed the Project

entitled, “DESIGN OF ROOT VEGETABLE WASHER”. This work is
being submitted in Mechanical Engineering department, for the academic
year 2020-2021, under my guidance.

Prof. V.M.Jamadar Prof. S.J.Mulani Dr. A.M.Mulla

Guide Head Of Department Principal

ii
 DECLARATION

We declare that this written submission represents ideas in our own words.
Where others' ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited
and referenced the original sources. We declare that adhere to all principles
of academic honesty and integrity. Also we have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We also
declare that this submission is our original work and to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or
written by neither another person’s nor material which has been accepted
for the award of any of the degree of the Shivaji University, Kolhapur or
other University.

Name of Students Roll No. Signature

Mr. Gaurav Prakash Kanase 44122

Mr. Akash Dhanaji Jagadale 44132

Mr. Rohan Ashokrao Nikam 44158

Mr. Rahul Anandrao Thorat 44219

Mr. Vikrant Bholanath Wadwane 44224

Date:

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the Project

undertaken during Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to
Professor V.M. Jamadar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr.
Ashok Gujar Technical Institute’s, Dr. Daulatrao Aher College of
Engineering, Karad for his constant support and guidance throughout the
course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have
been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts
that our endeavors have seen light of the day.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the

contribution of all faculty members of the department for their kind
assistance and cooperation during the development of our Mini Project.
Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in
the completion of the Project.

Name Roll No. Signature

Mr. Gaurav Prakash Kanase 44122

Mr. Akash Dhanaji Jagadale 44132

Mr. Rohan Ashokrao Nikam 44158

Mr. Rahul Anandrao Thorat 44219

Mr. Vikrant Bholanath Wadwane 44224

Date
 ABSTRACT
Adequately cleaning is a crucial operation in the production and distribution of
fresh produce. Root vegetable like carrot, radish, ginger, potato etc need to be pre
cleaned before transporting from field to market. At present there is no primary
processing equipment like vegetable washers available for small farmers. In an
attempt to improve upon the cleaning of their harvested organic produce to meet
their special needs. A batch type, small vegetable washer with holding capacity of
few kg was developed for washing root vegetables like carrot, ginger, potatoes, etc.
The Automatic Root Crop Washer is a machine which could find its use in
agriculture field. The root crops like potatoes, carrots, radish, etc, after harvesting
have to be cleaned off the soil and clay particles before transporting them from field
to market. Normally the farmers of Punjab (INDIA) follow a traditional method of
cleaning carrot radish in which the root are washed manually by hands and feet.
Therefore our project was based on giving the best solution to this problem
 INDEX

Chapter
Description Page No.
No
CERTIFICATE i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
INDEX v
LIST OF TABLE vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii

1. INTRODUCTION
1-6
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Available Machines 3
1.3 Problem Stated 4
1.4 Objectives 5
1.5 Scope 6
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7-13

2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Literature Survey 7

3. Design 14-21
3.1 Methodology 14
3.2 Assumption & Construction 16
3.3 Calculation 16-19
3.4 Model of Root Vegetable Washer 20-21
4. DEVELOPMENT OF ROOT VEGETABLE 22
WASHER

v
 4.1 Parts & Specification 22-26
5. CONCLUSION 27

6. FUTURE SCOPE 27

7. REFERENCES 28

8. BIOGRAPHY 29

vi
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Caption
No. No.
4.1 Brush 22
Specification
4.2 Drum 23
Specification
4.3 Chain & Gear 24
Specification
4.4 Structural 24
Frame
4.5 Motor 25
Specification
4.6 Shaft 26
Specification

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Caption Page

No. No.

Fig 1.1 Potatoes & Carrot 1

Fig 2.1 Carrot washing machine 7

Fig 2.2 Small scale root washer 8

Fig 2.3 Small scale root washer 8

Fig 2.4 Fabrication of root 9

vegetable washer

Fig 2.5 Root Vegetable washer 9

Fig 2.6 Rotary type vegetable 10

cleaner

Fig 2.7 Carrot washer 11

Fig 2.8 Vegetable & fruit washing 12

machine
Fig.2.9 Vegetable cleaner machine 13

Fig 3.1 Drum 20

Fig 3.2 Brush 20

Fig 3.3 View of assembly 21

Fig 3.4 Side view of assembly 21

Fig 4.1 Brush 22

Fig 4.2 Drum 23
Fig 4.3 Chain & Gear 24
Fig 4.4 Windshield Viper Motor 25
Fig 4.5 Shaft 26

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

India has been blessed with wide range of climate and physio-geographical conditions which ensures
availability of most kind of fruits and vegetables. The country is the second largest producer of the
Fruits and vegetables in the world. The production of Potato is maximum among all the vegetables
produced in the country. In Potato production, India is on second place in the world after China. Potato
is also grown in largest area of the country. Beets, radishes and ginger are all considered roots.
Because root vegetables grow underground, they absorb a great amount of nutrients from the soil.
Washing of vegetables is vital step in any processing operation, which gives attractive and chemical
free vegetables. The vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, radish, etc., after harvesting
needed to be cleaned off the soil and clay particles before transporting them from field to the market,
Normally many Indian farmers follow a traditional method of cleaning the carrots, radish in which
the roots are washed manually by hands and feet. There is need to design a vegetable cleaner which
every farmer in India can afford Washing of vegetables before selling it into the market, is an
important primary Process, which reduces the surface microbial load, while removing the field soil,
dust and even residual pesticides, thus leading to the value addition of the produce at the Farm level.
Contamination of vegetables is generally due to unsanitary cultivation and marketing Practices. The
microorganisms and pesticides involved with the food if remained Un-sanitized can be critical from
a public health point of view, because they can lead to health hazard.

Fig. 1.1 Potatoes & Carrot

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

When vegetables are maturing in the field they are changing from day to day. There is a time when
the vegetable will be at peak quality from the stand-point of colour, texture and flavor. This peak
quality is quick in passing and may last only a day. Harvesting and processing of several vegeta-
bles, including tomatoes, corn and peas are rigidly scheduled to capture this peak quality. After the
vegetable is harvested it may quickly pass beyond the peak quality condition. This is independent
of microbiological spoilage; these main deteriorations are related to:

a) Loss of sugars due to their consumption during respiration or their conversion to starch; losses
are slower under refrigeration but there is still a great change in vegetable sweetness and freshness
of flavor within 2 or 3 days;

b) Production of heat when large stockpiles of vegetables are transported or held prior to pro- cessing.
At room temperature some vegetables will liberate heat at a rate of 127,000 kJ/ton/day; this is enough
for each ton of vegetables to melt 363 kg of ice per day. Since the heat further deteri- orates the
vegetables and speeds micro-organisms growth, the harvested vegetables must be cooled if not
processed immediately. But cooling only slows down the rate of deterioration, it does not prevent it,
and vegetables differ in their resistance to cold storage. Each vegetable has its optimum cold storage
temperature which may be between about 0-100 C (32-500 F).

c) The continual loss of water by harvested vegetables due to transpiration, respiration and physical
drying of cut surfaces results in wilting of leafy vegetables, loss of plumpness of fleshy vegetables
and loss of weight of both. Moisture loss cannot be completely and effectively prevented by her-
metic packaging. This was tried with plastic bags for fresh vegetables in supermarkets but the bags
became moisture fogged, and deterioration of certain vegetables was accelerated because of buildup
of CO2 and decrease of oxygen in the package. It therefore is common to perforate such bags to
prevent these defects as well as to minimize high humidity in the package which would en- courage
microbial growth.

Shippers of fresh vegetables and vegetable processors, whether they can, freeze, dehydrate, or man-
ufacture soups or ketchup, appreciate the instability and perishability of vegetables and so do eve-
rything they can to minimize delays in processing of the fresh product. In many processing plants it
is common practice to process vegetables immediately as they are received from the field.

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

To ensure a steady supply of top quality produce during the harvesting period the large food pro-
cessors will employ trained field men; they will advise on growing practices and on spacing of
plantings so that vegetables will mature and can be harvested in rhythm with the processing plant
capabilities. This minimizes stockpiling and need for storage.

Cooling of vegetables in the field is common practice in some areas. Liquid nitrogen-cooled trucks
may next provide transportation of fresh produce to the processing plant or directly to market.

Upon arrival of vegetables at the processing center the usual operations of cleaning, grading, peel-
ing, cutting and the like are performed using a moderate amount of equipment but a good deal of
hand labour also still remains.

1.2 Available Machines

1.2.1 Multipurpose Washer (conveyor tumbler type):

This machine is designed for washing and cleaning multiple fruits/vegetable generally required or
pulp extraction like Mangoes, litchi, tomato, apple, peach and vegetables.

The washers through washes the product using strong water against which tumble washes while it
is carried up to the outfeed conveyor. The fruit or vegetable which gets picked up on the inclined
conveyor are subjected to secondary fresh water spray and are collected at the end of conveyor.

1.2.2 Rotary Drum Washer:

This machine is suitable to wash hard fruits vegetables. The product is fed into a rotary drum and
is sprayed with high pressure jet spray from top. The rotary drum motion ensures tumbling of
products thus washing them throughly. Available in 500-2000 kg/hr capacities.

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

1.3 Problem statement

In India, most of the root vegetables are washed after harvesting before selling them
into market. This process is usually done by humans manually which requires lot of time and
human effort. Most of the root vegetable or vegetable washers in the market are of high capacity
and industrial use. While cleaning in these machines sometimes the vegetables do not get
thoroughly cleaned and may get damaged too. So there is need of small scale root vegetable
washing machine for adequate cleaning of root vegetables for average farmers to ensure hygiene
and value addition of vegetables. Hence by designing and developing a small scale root
vegetable washing machine we can reduce the time and human effort required in the process and
enhance the quality of cleaning root vegetables.

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

1.4 Objectives

The following objectives have been finalized for the project:

1. To do literature survey about Root vegetable washing machines available in market.
2. To decide adequate capacity for small scale use of machine and designing mechanism.
3. Design and development of root vegetable cleaning machine to minimize time and
human efforts.
4. Fabrication and testing of working prototype.

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1.5 Scope

Value addition is one of the most important things in the market currently. Vegetables washed
are of better quality as compared to conventional methods hence they are sold easily in the market.
Instead of giving this benefit of value addition to large scale operating whole sellers our aim is to
provide value addition benefit to farmers. Operation of machine does not require any specific skills,
an average unskilled farmer can operate the machine easily. Machine does not require too much
space. Cleaning and maintenance of machine can be done easily. The machine will reduce amount
of water required for the process and human efforts as well. Cost of machine will be significantly
less as compared to other available machines which makes it affordable for farmers. Speed of
machine can be controlled as per requirement hence different types of root vegetables like carrot,
radish, potato, sweet potato can be washed

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
For design and development of Semi-Automatic Root vegetable Washing Machine
following research paper were studied to study different mechanisms and methodologies. Many
researchers have put their work on manual and semi-automatic root vegetable washing machines

2.2 Literature Survey

1. Development of a manually operated root crop washer:
Dawn C. P., et al(1)2013, In this literature author has given the basic about Root vegetables like
carrot, radish etc. need to be pre cleaned before transporting from field to market. A batch type, small
vegetable washer with holding capacity 10 kg was developed for washing root vegetables like carrot
and radish. The washer consists of a detopper, a stainless steel washing drum, center shaft with holes
for water spraying etc. The washing drum was provided with different matting namely 5 mm
thickness 5 and 3.5 mm thickness plastic, respectively for effective cleaning of the vegetables.
Performance trials showed that, the washing and cleaning efficiencies were 97 and 91% for carrot
and 96 and 90% for raddish, respectively using 3.5 mm thickness plastic matting.

Fig 2.1

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

1.Design of a Small Scale Root Washer

Michelle Choi, et al (2)2020, In this literature emphasize given on, Adequately cleaning
is a critical operation in the production and distribution of fresh produce. This is especially true for the
smaller scale, local agriculture operations such as the McGill Student-Run Ecological Garden (MSEG)
with less access to large scale cleaning operations. In an attempt to improve upon the traditional
cleaning methods of root crop vegetables, MSEG has expressed a need for an innovative processing
approach to the cleaning of their harvested organic produce to meet their special needs. Applying
engineering design concepts and analysis, this report outlines the development of a small scale root
crop washer from computer model simulation to a working prototype. The methodologies of
mechanical design, material acquisition, construction and prototype testing are addressed. Prototype
success, assessed through adequate testing, has enabled the validation of the efficacy in the cleaning of
root crop vegetables. Using these success parameters and the working prototype a scaled-up model will
effectively be constructed by using food grade brushes, in order to meet the needs of MSEG and their
agricultural practices

Fig. 2.2 Fig 2.3

Small scale root washer

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

2.Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

Ganesh M R, Akhil V. B, Hareesh V P (2018), In this literature given The overall performance
of the device was determined by measuring the different parameters considered in the study. The
washing capacity, cleaning efficiency, and skinning damage of the device as affected by speed of
the washing cylinder and loading weight were computed and analyzed. The components used for
machine is listed above and fig is shown below. The mesh barrel is powered by manually and a motor
to provide the necessary torque and speed requirements to facilitate the wash cycle. The operating
speed of washing is comparatively low. Slower speeds tended to make it difficult for the unit to start
and keep rotating, while faster speeds were not used to avoid root vegetables breakage. The washer
removed soil and foreign material sufficiently during the washing operation. The system could
accommodate samples up to 10-15 kg. The water requirement per batch is min. An operator needs
to be present for sample loading, unloading and for operation of the washer using pedal or motor.

Fig. 2.4 Fabrication of Root vegetable washer

Fig. 2.5 Root vegetable washer

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

3. Design and Development of Rotary Type Vegetable Cleaner

Ms. Anjali Meshram1 Dr. S. R. Ikhar2,et al(4)2018, In this literature Design calculations and
development of rotary vegetable cleaner machine, using CAD Software Techniques is done. In present
study, design and development of the CAD model of vegetable cleaner machine made as per the
company requirement. The paper involves the detailed design and analysis of vegetable cleaning
machine. In the present study, designed and analyzed of vegetable cleaner machine as per the company
requirement. The FEM analysis of vegetable cleaning machine for validation of design is performed
and the results obtained are shown in the safe zone as the stresses obtained are less and within the yield
point stress of that material. Which means that given design is in the safe zone.

Fig. 2.6 Rotary type vegetable clear

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

4.Development and Performance Evaluation of Carrot Washer

Ghulam Siddique,et al.(6)2017, . The objective of this paper is to discuss the design and details of
this carrot washer. The machine has a wooden drum with a continuous pressurized water supply. Muddy
carrots after harvesting are placed inside the drum through opening provided at the face of drum. The
wooden drum rotates and rubs off foreign material from carrot surface; pressurized water is used to wash
away the soil. The wastewater after washing falls down from the drum through slots provided at the
circumference of drum. Hence carrot washer cleans the carrots and other root crops and makes them
ready for marketing. The result shows that the machine could be washed the carrot crop. The machine
could also be used for the other root crops also such as potato, ginger, turmeric, sweet potato. The
optimum operating parameters of carrot washer were the average mechanical washing 75 and operating
speed of rotor drum was 25 and the microbial washing efficiency, mechanical washing efficiency and
bruising percentage was 90%, 75% and 7%, respectively

Fig. 2.7 Carrot Washer

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Design of Root Vegetable Washer

5. 3D Modeling of vegetable and fruit washing machine

Mohtasim Abdul Latif Kanoje, 2Himanshu S. Dhandre,et al.(7)2020, In this literature
author is to generate the CAD model of vegetable and fruit washing machine with the help of
operation tool, the 2D diagram has been created and converted to 3D. This CAD model of
vegetable and fruit washing machine was further used to wash the all type of eating product with
the help this machine. A physical model of machine is fabricated and washing of root crops is
understood by perfoming experiment. With the achievement of this project vegetables are cleaned
properly with water to remove pesticides and dust with help of vegetable cleaner in a short period
of time. The process of placing and washing vegetables in machine will be easy require less time
also lots vegetable can be washed at a time as per capacity.

Fig. 2.8 Vegetable and Fruit washing machine

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6. Analysis Of Rotary Type Vegetable Cleaner Machine

Ms. Anjali Meshram Dr. S. R. Ikhar 2018 The paper involves the detailed design and analysis
of vegetable cleaning machine. In the present study, designed and analyzed of vegetable cleaner
machine as per the company requirement. The FEM analysis of vegetable cleaning machine for
validation of design is performed and the results obtained are shown in the safe zone as the stresses
obtained are less and within the yield point stress of that material. Which means that given design is
in the safe zone.

Fig. 2.9 Vegetable cleaner machine

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Chapter 3

Design of Root Vegetable Washer

3.1 Methodology
Initially to design the machine considering the objectives it was found that
machine can be made two mechanism Horizontal rotating drum and vertical drum with rotating brush.
Vegetables can be cleaned with the help of centrifugal force and some attachments to the main
assembly like brushes. In horizontal drum mechanism whole drum assembly is rotated when
vegetables are fed for cleaning. Drum is fitted in frame and is rotated through electric motor drive at
pre-determined speed. Vegetables are fed from one end and removed from other end. This type of
mechanism is simple but it requires motor of considerably high power and torque. Generally this type
of mechanism is seen in vegetable washers of high capacity varying from 500-2000 Kg/hr are used
in food processing industries.
In Vertical drum with rotating brush and disk mechanism the rotating brush and disk are mounted
on shaft and rotated with help of motor drive. The vegetables are fed from top along with sprinkle of
water and outlet is provided at the bottom of the drum. As vegetables move down with help of gravity,
the continuous sprinkle of water and movement of vegetable between drum and rotating brush along
with centrifugal force, the vegetables are washed and removed from outlet. This mechanism is suited
for small scale use with capacity varying from 5-10 Kg/cycle. The rotating mass is less as compared
to horizontal drum hence the power requirement are lower than previous type.
Considering the objectives and capacity Vertical drum with rotating brush and disk is convenient and
is selected for design. Belt drive, Gear drive and Chain drive are suitable drive options for mechanism.
Chain drive being most suitable for low rotating speed and power being durable was selected for
mechanism. Phase wise description :-

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Phase I: Problem statement identification:-

1 Conducted brainstorming sessions among ourselves and shared individually identified
problem statements and then we selected the most intriguing problem statement.
2 Selected problem statements were discussed with our guide and then the most impactful and
relevant one from them was finalized with the help of guide.
3 Searched for literatures related to our problem statement which could help us to aquire
knowledge about the field and relevant concepts regarding our finalized problem statement

Phase II: Data collection and Designing:-

1 Finding and analyzing different mechanisms and methods suitable for purpose.
2 Designing the most suitable mechanism of the purpose.
3 Designing the model of machine.
4 Calculating the necessary parameters regarding the design: power requirements, capacity of
machine, part specifications, etc.
5 Checking the safety of design by analysis.

Phase III: Implementation:-

1 Placed orders of the required components and materials needed for the fabrication of our
product.
2 Procurement of required parts.
3 Started the assembly of prototype and made adjustments to overcome obstacles which were
encountered during fabrication process.

Phase IV: Operation and Testing:-

Testing the prototype to evaluate the following:
1 Reduction in time and human effort, efficiency of the machine.
2 Comparing the prototype with conventional methods of cleaning root vegetables.
3 Concluding and commenting on the results obtained.

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3.2 Assumptions and Considerations

To design root vegetable machine some are made to meet the objectives of the project which are
given below,
1. Rotating speed of shaft: 40-60 rpm
2. Maximum capacity for one charge: 10 Kg
3. Water required per charge : 4 litres
4. Time required for one cycle: 4-5 minutes
5. Drive/Gear ratio for power transmission: 1:1
6. Vegetable considered for calculations: Potato

3.3 Calculations

3.3.1 Capacity:-

Maximum loading capacity (vegetable) =10Kg

Vegetable considered for calculations: Potato

Density of Potato = 1080 Kg/cu.m

Volume of 10Kg Potato= 10/1080=0.00925cu.m=9.25litre

Maximum water capacity= 4 liters

Mass of 4 liters of water = 4 Kg (approx.)

Total mass of charge= Mass of vegetable + Mass of water +Mass of brush

=10+4+1.5

= 15.5Kg

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Design of Root Vegetable Washer

Total Volume of charge= Volume of vegetables + Volume of water

= 9.25 +4= 13.25 litre

• All the material will be loaded in the drum. Hence for maximum loading condition and
overloading, we consider volume to be 20liter and mass to be 20kg.

• Considering drum diameter to be 300mm, calculating minimum height for considered

capacity:

V=πr2h

πr2h = 0.02

(0.15)(0.15)h=0.02

h=0.282m=28.2cm 30cm

For accommodating 20 litres of capacity we need to have height of 30 cm for the drum whose
diameter is 30cm. But to avoid spilling while rotating and for safety the height is increased
upto 40cm.

3.3.2 Power and Torque:-

Total rotating mass = 20Kg

Desired speed of the rotating shaft = 60rpm

Force = m*g

= 20*(9.81)

= 196.2 N

Radius, R = D/2

= 0.15m

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Torque: For calculating torque it is considered that the rotating mass (vegetables, water and
brush) would be acted along the circumference of drum

T= Force*Radius

=196.2*0.15

=29.43Nm  30Nm

• Power:

P = 2**N*T/60

= 2**(60)*30/60

= 188.49 Watt  190 Watt

= 0.19 KW

Hence minimum power and torque required for 60 rpm is 0.19 KW and 30 Nm.

Load acting on drum base:-

Maximum load on base is 20Kg.

Hence,

F = 20*(9.81)

= 196.2 N

Diameter of disc = 0.3m

Area of disc = A = πr2

A= *(0.15)*(0.15) = 0.0707 sq.m

Assuming the load to be uniformly distributed over the disc. Hence the stress will be

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

P = F/A

P = (196.2)/(0.0707)

P = 2775.10N/sq.m  2.77*10e-3 MPa.

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

3.4 Model of Root Vegetable Washing Machine

Design of Root Vegetable Washing Machine include 3D modelling of parts and their assembly.
3.5.1 Catia models of parts:

Fig 3.1 Drum

Fig. 3.2 Brush

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

3.5.2 Catia model of assembly:

Fig. 3.3 view of the assembly

Fig 3.4 Side view of the assembly

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

Chapter 4

Development of Root Vegetable Washer

4.1 Parts and Specifications

4.1.1 Brush

Table 4.1 Brush Specifications

Height 300mm

Material Polypropylene

Bristle Stiffness Soft

Manufacturer Ganesh Brush Manufacturers

Diameter 180mm

Reason for material selection Brush is lightweight and soft bristles do

not damage vegetable

Fig. 4.1 Brush

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

4.1.2 Drum

Table 4.2 Drum Specification

`Outer Diameter 300mm

Inner Diameter 292mm

Height 300mm

Material Mild Steel (Powder coated)

Reason for selection Good machinability and cheap

Fig. 4.2 Drum

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

4.1.1 Chain Gears

Table 4.3 Chain gear Specifications

Diameter 90mm

Number of teeth 18

Reason for selection Durable and Suitable for low RPM

Fig. 4.3 Chain and Gear

4.1.1 Structural Frame

Table 4.4 Structural Frame

Size 1 inch square pipe

Material Mild Steel

Reason for selection Low cost

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

4.1.3 Motor

Table 4.5 Motor Specification

Motor Type Windshield viper DC motor

Voltage 12V

Speed 40-60 rpm

Power 1.4 KW

Reason for selection Operating range of motor is ideal for pur-

pose and low cost and variable speed

Fig. 4.4 Windshield Viper Motor

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 Design & Fabrication of Root Vegetable Washer

4.1.4 Shaft

Table 4.6 Shaft Specification

Length 200mm

Outer Diameter 25mm

Inner Diameter 20mm

Material Mild Steel

Fig. 4.5 Shaft

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

Chapter 5

Conclusion & Future Scope

Conclusion
This project is directly benefited to the farmers. In farms when the vegetables such as potatoes,
carrot, radish, ginger etc. are removed from the soil, these vegetables carry a lot of dust particles and
pesticides from the soil which is harmful for human beings if taken as a food. So to remove these farmers
are washing those vegetables by hand and this take a lot of time. So vegetable cleaner is manufactured so
that it will save the time as well as the human efforts. This vegetable cleaning machine helps the farmers
to clean or to wash the vegetables properly with less time as well as less water.
If the physical model of this design is Fabricated and washing of root crops understood by
performing the experiment. With the achievement of this project the vegetables are cleaned properly with
water so to remove pesticide and dust with help of vegetable cleaner in short period of time. The process
of placing and washing vegetable in vegetable cleaning machine will be easy and require less time. Also
lots of vegetable can be washed at a time as per the capacity of the vegetable cleaner.

Future Scope
Root vegetable washing machine can be made more efficient with improved mechanism and quality.
There is much scope for this type of small scale Root Vegetable Washing Machines that can help farmers.
With more automation in the mechanism human efforts can be reduced further. Safety features can be
added such as emergency stop button and vegetable monitoring system. With help of automation variable
speeds can be achieved to wash different vegetables. Automatic extraction of clean vegetables is possible.

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 Design of Root Vegetable Washer

References:
[1] A.P. Magar “Performance testing of stirrer type fruit washer”, ‘International Journal of Agricultural
Engineering’ Vol. 3 No. 1, April, 2010, pp.89-93

[2] Dawn C. P. Ambrose “Development of a manually operated root crop washer”, ‘African Journal of
Agricultural Research’ Vol. 8 No. 24, June 2013, pp.3097-3101.

[3] Glaizalyn B. Batara “design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a small-scale bar rel type
potato (solanumtuberosum L.) Washer”, ‘Conference. UPD, 11th Engineering Re-search and
Development for Technology Conference’

[4] “Design and Development of Fruit Washer” S. A. Adegbite, S. K. Adeyemi, A. O. Komo-lafe, M. O.

Salami, C. F. Nwaeche and A. A. Ogunbiyi. Journal of Scientific Research & Re-ports 21(6): 1-11, 2018;
Article no.JSRR.46041 ISSN: 2320-0227

[5] “Development Of A Fruit Washing Machine” F. I. Oyeleke, A.M. Olaniyan, M. O. Sun-monu and S.
K. Oyeniyi Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering,Faculty of Engineering and
Technology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

[6] “Review on Design and Development of vegetable cleaning machine” Pranita Joshi, Re-search
Scholar, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, India, 440019; Dr K. S. Za-kiuddin Professor,
Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, India, 440019; Dr.V.M.Sonde, Assistant Professor,
Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, India, 440019

[7] “Performance testing of stirrer type fruit washer” by A.P. Magar, M.D. Abuj, T.B. Bastewad and P.V.
Adagale International Journal of Agricultural Engineering,

[8] “Design of a Small Scale Root Crop Washer by Michelle”by Choi, Isabella Han, Kou-

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Design of Root Vegetable Washer

Biography

Name : Akash Dhanaji Jagadale.

Roll no : 44132
Mechanical Engineering
Date of Birth : 1/10/1997
Email Id : [email protected]

Name : Rahul Anandrao Thorat.

Roll no : 44219
Mechanical Engineering
Date of Birth : 13/11/1997
Email Id : [email protected]

Name : Gaurav Prakash Kanase.

Roll no : 44122
Mechanical Engineering
Date of Birth : 29/05/1999
Email Id : [email protected]

29
Design of Root Vegetable Washer

Name : Rohan Ashokrao Nikam.

Roll no : 44158
Mechanical Engineering
Date of Birth : 25/06/1998
Email Id : [email protected]

Name : Vikrant Bholanath Wadawane. .

Roll no : 44224
Mechanical Engineering
Date of Birth : 29/03/1998
Email Id : [email protected]

30