Module 606 Chemical Bond
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1.1 Chemical Bond
A. Complete the following.
Chemical bond - force of ……………….. holding a……………… together as
m…………………. or c………………………… as a u…………….
C……………………
b.……
Atom ………. Atom ……….
Chemical bond
I........ bond C.............. bond
between between
m............ + n.............. +
n................. n..................
MISS HEMA 1
Module 606 Chemical Bond
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B. Complete the following - Structure of Atom
E.……………….
O.……………….
P.……………….
N.……………..
….…. electrons
….…. electrons
nucleus
….…. electrons
….…. electrons
@ first twenty elements in the periodic table
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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C. Activity 1 - Draw the structure of atoms
Example 1 - Hydrogen Example 2 - Helium
Number of proton : Number of proton:
Electronic configuration: Electronic configuration:
D. Exercise 1.1.1
Draw the structure of atoms of the following.
Sodium Lithium
Number of proton : Number of proton :
Electronic configuration: Electronic configuration:
Beryllium Oxygen
Number of proton : Number of proton :
Electronic configuration: Electronic configuration:
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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E. Define the following.
Valence electron -
Valency -
A stable octet electron arrangement is where an …………………must
have ………………….electrons (maximum
number of electrons) in its …………………. or the outermost shells.
A stable duplet electron arrangement is where an …………………must
have ………………….electrons (maximum
number of electrons) in its …………………. or the outermost shells. This is only
applicable to ……………………… and …………………….
Why is it necessary for certain atoms to combine and form chemical bond?
To enhance its s………………..
F. Activity 2 - Determining valence electron and valency of Non-metal
Instructions:
Click on the link : https://ptable.com/#Properties
Move cursor to ‘non-metal’
Refer to the coloured boxes and extract the required details.
For valency, Non-metals from Group 14 to 18 : 8 - 2nd digit of group number
Non-metals from Group 1 to 2 : Same as the 2nd digit of group number
Element Symbol Group Electronic Valence Valency
configuration electron
1 Hydrogen
2 Helium
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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3 Neon
4 Argon
5 Krypton
6 Xenon
7 Radon
8 Chlorine
9 Bromine
10 Fluorine
11 Iodine
12 Nitrogen
13 Phosphorus
14 Oxygen
15 Sulfur
16 Carbon
So, can you list the elements that are stable (duplet/octet electron arrangement)?
….………………………………………………………………………………………………
What about other elements (non-octet or duplet electron arrangement)?
….…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. Activity 3 - Valency of Metals
Instruction:
Click on the link : https://ptable.com/#Properties
Move cursor to ‘metal’
MISS HEMA 5
Module 606 Chemical Bond
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Refer to the coloured boxes in Group 1,2,13,14 and 15 only,and hence, extract the
required details. All the metals are solid except mercury.
For valency, same as the 2nd digit of group number
Element Symbol Group Electronic Valence Valency
configuration electron
1 Lithium
2 Sodium
3 Potassium
4 Rubidium
5 Caesium
6 Francium
7 Beryllium
8 Magnesium
9 Calcium
10 Strontium
11 Barium
12 Radium
13 Aluminium
14 Tin
15 Lead
So, can you list the elements that are stable (duplet/octet electron arrangement)?
….………………………………………………………………………………………………
What about other elements (non-octet or duplet electron arrangement)?
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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….…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Hence, we can conclude that metals tend to ………………… electrons while non-
metals ……………………. electrons in order to become stable.
1.2 Ionic bond
A. Complete the following.
MISS HEMA 7
Module 606 Chemical Bond
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Ionic bond
chemical bond
between ....................
and ......................
Metal Non-metal
: tends to ..................... : tends to ..........................
electrons to form .............. electrons to
(cation) form ...................... (anion)
B. Answer the following questions.
Why an atom is usually neutral?
An atom is neutral because the……………………. is equal to the number of
…………………….
What is a cation?
A cation is a ……………….. formed when ……………….. atoms ……………. the
electrons.
What is an anion?
An anion is a ………………… formed when ……………….. receive the
…………………
MISS HEMA 8
Module 606 Chemical Bond
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C. Activity 4 - Metal and Non metal interaction
How metal and non-metal combine to form ionic compound? Illustrate and
describe.
D. Exercise 1.2.1
Describe how sodium atom combines with chlorine atom to form sodium chloride?
Refer to Section C - Activity 4 to answer this question.
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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E. Exercise 1.2.2
Describe how magnesium atom combines with oxygen atom to form magnesium
oxide? Refer to Section D to answer this question.
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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1.3 Covalent Bond
A. Complete the following.
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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Covalent bond
chemical bond
between ....................
and ......................
by ...................... of electrons
Non-metal + non-metal
: tends to ..........................
electrons to form ......................
compound
B. Activity 5 - Non-metal and Non metal interaction
How non-metals combine to form ionic compound? Illustrate and describe.
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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C. Exercise 1.3
Describe how two chlorine atoms combine to form chlorine molecules? Refer to
Section B - Activity 5 to answer this question.
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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D. Recap Questions
What is valency?
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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Valency is the number of ……………….. needed by a …………………. atom to
achieve the stable ………………….. electron arrangement.
If element A has 1, 2 or ……………. valence electrons and element B has
……….., …………., or 7 valence electrons, they will form an …………… bond.
If both elements A and B have 4, ……….., …………… or 7 valence electrons,
they will form a ……………… bond.
1.4 Properties of ionic and covalent compound
A. Complete the following table
Ionic compound Covalent compound
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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Formation
Electron
transfer/sharing
States of
matter
Melting and
boiling point
Volatility
Solubility
B. Organic solvent
Function of organic solvent
Organic solvents are used to …………….. and …………….. dirt that cannot be
removed by water.
Organic solvents are used to …………………. organic compounds.
C. Organic Solvent & Uses
Organic Solvent Uses
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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Propanone or acetone
Ether such as diethyl
ether
Turpentine
Petrol and kerosene
Alcohol such as ethanol
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Module 606 Chemical Bond
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MISS HEMA 18
Module 606 Chemical Bond
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MISS HEMA 19
Module 606 Chemical Bond
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MISS HEMA 20
