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Activity 3

The document discusses the differences between mathematics and statistics, data and information, discrete and continuous data, misleading statistics, and examples of nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales of measurement.

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Ahrts Quintana Dela Cruz
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27 views3 pages

Activity 3

The document discusses the differences between mathematics and statistics, data and information, discrete and continuous data, misleading statistics, and examples of nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales of measurement.

Uploaded by

Ahrts Quintana Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ahrts Quintan Dela Cruz

MAED SS

1. Why have mathematics and statistics  sometimes have been treated as separate subjects?

Statistics is strictly related to physical data and its interpretation, hence it has limited scope.
Mathematics, however also deals with abstract concepts which may be metaphysical in nature.
Hence, Mathematics has a much wider scope as compared to Statistics

2. Is there a difference between data and information? How is discrete and continuous data
collected

The terms “data” and “information” are often used interchangeably, but they actually aren’t the
same. There are subtle differences between these components and their purpose. Data is defined
as individual facts, while information is the organization and interpretation of those facts.
Ultimately, you can use the two components together to identify and solve problems.

Data is defined as a collection of individual facts or statistics. (While “datum” is technically the
singular form of “data,” it’s not commonly used in everyday language.) Data can come in the form
of text, observations, figures, images, numbers, graphs, or symbols. For example, data might
include individual prices, weights, addresses, ages, names, temperatures, dates, or distances.

Data is a raw form of knowledge and, on its own, doesn’t carry any significance or purpose. In
other words, you have to interpret data for it to have meaning. Data can be simple—and may even
seem useless until it is analyzed, organized, and interpreted.

Information is defined as knowledge gained through study, communication, research, or


instruction. Essentially, information is the result of analyzing and interpreting pieces of data.
Whereas data is the individual figures, numbers, or graphs, information is the perception of those
pieces of knowledge.

Definition of Discrete Data

The term discrete implies distinct or separate. So, discrete data refers to the type of quantitative
data that relies on counts. It contains only finite values, whose subdivision is not possible. It
includes only those values that can only be counted in whole numbers or integers and are
separate which means the data cannot be broken down into fraction or decimal.
Definition of Continuous Data

Continuous data is described as an unbroken set of observations; that can be measured on a


scale. It can take any numeric value, within a finite or infinite range of possible value. Statistically,
range refers to the difference between highest and lowest observation. The continuous data can
be broken down into fractions and decimal, i.e. it can be meaningfully subdivided into smaller
parts according to the measurement precision.

Discrete data expects a certain number of isolated values. In contrast to continuous data, which
expects any value from a given range (without any breaks), and is related to physical
measurement.

3. Can you use statistics to mislead others? How easy it is to mislead others by Statistics?

The answer is yes based on the article I have read, There is a thing called Misleading statistics it
refer to the misuse of numerical data either intentionally or by error. The results provide deceiving
information that creates false narratives around a topic. Misuse of statistics often happens in
advertisements, politics, news, media, and others.

4. Give 10 examples for each of the following scale or measurement of data: nominal, ordinal,
interval and ratio.

Nominal data

Eye Color , Color of hair , ethnicity , Gender , Political party , Religion , Race , Language , Blood type
, Zip code

Ordinal data

Ranks of Soldier , grade Level of Student , Level of happiness , level of satisfaction , Ranking of
Movies , According to preference

Interval Data

1. Time of each day in the meaning of a 12-hour clock.


2. Temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius (but not Kelvin).
3. IQ test (intelligence scale).
4. Test scores such as the SAT and ACT test scores.
5. Age is also a variable that is measurable on an interval scale, like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years and etc.
6. Measuring an income as a range, like $0-$999; $1000-$1999; $2000-$2900, and etc. This is a classic
example of turning a non-interval, ordered variable scale into an interval scale to support statistical
analysis.
7. Dates (1015, 1442, 1726, etc.)
8. Voltage e.g. 110 and 120 volts (AC); 220 and 240 volts (AC) and etc.
9. In marketing research, if we ask 2 people how much time do they spend reading a magazine each day,
we would know not only who spend more time reading but also the exact difference in minutes (or
another time interval) between the two individuals.
10. Grade levels in a school (1st grader, 2nd grader, and etc.)

Ratio Data
Income, height, weight, annual sales, market share, product defect rates, time to repurchase,
unemployment rate, and crime rate

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