SORAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GEOMATICS (PRACTICAL PART)

NAME OF STUDENTS:
▪ Alan Rasool Ahmed
▪ Yusf Ari Jarjis
▪ Adil Akram Salim
▪ Rasty Sarwar

SUPERVISED BY: Mr Rzgar A. Omer & Mr Hassan Shahab

EXPERIMENTAL NO: 3

EXPERIMENTAL NAME: Setting Out (Lay Out) Of A Rectangular

CLASS: 2nd Stage

GROUP NO: G 6

DATE OF TEST: 11 October, 2022

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Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Objective (Aims of The Test) ......................................................................................................... 4
Apparatus (Equipment) ................................................................................................................... 4
Procedure: Using Pythagoras theory ............................................................................................... 5
Calculation and Graphs: Check the dimensions of the diagonals. .................................................. 6
Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Reference ........................................................................................................................................ 9

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Introduction
Setting out (laying out) a rectangular is the process of developing the physical positions of corners
of a rectangular, where the positions and levels of buildings, roads, drainages, sewers, and all other
engineering projects are already marked on a plan are transferred to the ground by a variety of
methods. The branch of surveying dealing with the setting out on the ground is known as
construction surveying For setting out a rectangle the surveyors use tape, and three people are
required. To set out a rectangle, make sure that the diagonal is the correct length for the side lengths
and then we have to have base points to start with to get accurate results after construction building
can be set out by taking referencing from an already established baseline like a fence or another
building nearby, And then we start setting out a rectangle carefully, We divide the rectangular to
two triangles and find the diagonal distances then use the Pythagorean method to get accurate
results.

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Objective (Aims of The Test)

1. To determine the horizontal distance between two points by using tape.

2. To determine longer distances than the tape by intermediate points.

Apparatus (Equipment)

1. Tape

2. Steel Bars or Spray

3. Pens and Notebook

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Procedure: Using Pythagoras’ theory

A. Divide the rectangular into 2 triangles; to set out the triangle, three people are
required, but four is better.

1) The first person holds the tape together, between thumb and finger, the zero mark
and 6m mark of the tape between person1 to person 3.

2) The second person holds between thumb and finger the 6m mark of the tape
between person1 to person 2.

3) The third person holds the 8.48m mark. When all sides of the tape are stretched,
a triangle with lengths of 6m, 6m, and 8.48m is formed, and the angle near person 1
is a right angle. B. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 to set out the second part of the
rectangular.

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Calculation and Graphs: Check the dimensions of the diagonals.

Graphs: for example

first graph

𝐷 = √62 + 62
D= 8.48 6m

Diagonal 1 Diagonal 2
Correct 8.48, check 8.48 Diagonal 1

Diagonal 2
Correct 8.48, check 8.47 6m

Error 1 = 8.48 – 8.48 = 0m No Error

4m
Second graph

D = √72 + 42 8.06m
D = 8.06m 8.06m

Diagonal 1 7m
Correct 8.062, check 8.062

Diagonal 2
Correct 8.062, check 8.062

Error 1 = 8.062 – 8.062 = 0m NO Error

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Discussion

By setting out we get all the base points to start constructing our purposed building, Our Group
used the Pythagorean Method We made two rectangles, in the first one our length and width were
6m, 6m So we started by locating point A then we measured 6 meters from point A to point B then
6 meters from point B to C after that we found the diagonal distance from Point C to A by person
1 holding the tape on point A and person 2 being 6 meters away from person1 holding the tape
firmly on point B and person 3 on point C 6meters away from person 2 and person 4 getting the
tape to person 1 We Found the diagonal distance by calculating using Pythagorean method That
was 8.48 meters, So we found the first part of our rectangle then we Found Point D and we
measured diagonal 2 and it was 8.47 meters so we had a 1cm error caused by not holding the tape
firmly, That’s important for us as civil engineers to notice because repeating these mistakes makes
big defects in buildings and construction efficiency,
In the second rectangle, we were better at the job because we had made up experience our
Supervisor gave us dimensions of 4 meters in width and 7 meters in length we did all the steps but
eventually we had a problem, our rectangle was out of shape and was looking like a trapezoid
when we found our diagonal distance, we went through several checking back steps when we
found out we read our calculator wrongly, we had read the diagonal distance that was 8.062meters
as 8.62 so we had 55cm error, so we corrected that then thankfully our measurements were
perfectly accurate, we learned many important pieces of information from this Test, And important
to be precise with this test to get accurate results and do a professional job as an Engineer.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, This test is useful because it’ll be a daily practice for us to do as civil engineers and
especially in the branch of surveying, It’s the first work to be taken before the actual construction
of a building is checking the dimensions of its boundaries, as soon as the site is made available for
construction. The fundamental boundary stones should be in their position and they should be
checked concerning the survey plan. Any difference that may be found regarding the front, rear,
or side dimensions should be fixed and corrected before the work is started, And in this test, there
has to be teamwork to get As good As possible results without any defects so the construction goes
smoothly and efficiently without any latency and the least money being spent.

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Reference

❖ https://www.jurovichsurveying.com.au/faq/what-is-a-set-out-survey

❖ https://www.aboutcivil.org/setting-out.html

❖ LA PUTT, J.P., 1985. Surveying Lab Manual. National Book Store, Quad Alpha Centrum
Bldg., 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550.

❖ Lee, J., Su, V., Ren, S. and Ishii, H., 2000, April. landscape: a vectorizing tape measure for
on-site measuring applications. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 137-144).

❖ Bhushan, B., Wyant, J.C. and Koliopoulos, C.L., 1985. Measurement of surface
topography of magnetic tapes by Mirau interferometry. Applied Optics, 24(10), pp.1489-
1497.