Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

PROJECT TITLE:
Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

DEPARTMENT: Civil engineering

GROUP MEMBERS NAMES: REGISTRATION NO.

Malik Iftikhar Ahmad Cu-116-2018

Muhammad Munir Cu-137-2018

Mumtaz Ahmad Cu-193-2018

Khalil Hayat Cu-200-2018

Research Supervisor: _____________________________

Engr. Mohsin Ali Khan

Co-Supervisor: ENGR. Sibghat-Ullah

Final Year Project Coordinator: _____________________________

Dr. Bakht Zamin
 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

INTRODUCTION:
The exponential development of the electronic trade and changes in people's life
style have raised the discarding rate of waste electronic appliances and electrical equipment’s
quickly. The disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) has become a {heavy} challenge to developing
and developed countries as deadly substances and heavy metals gift in e-waste might damage
human health and also the atmosphere. From the attitude of environmental considerations, it's
necessary to properly dispose or recycle e-waste in any forms to forestall pollution. In recent years,
a growing variety of studies area unit primarily related to utilization of e-waste as construction
materials. within the face of environmental considerations, e-waste in any type should be properly
disposed of or reused to forestall pollution. The e-waste generation worldwide was approximately
44.7 million tons generated in 2016- equivalent to 4500 Eiffel towers, in 2018, an estimated 50
million tons of e-waste was reported, thus the name ‘tsunami of e-waste’ given by the UN. Its
value is at least $62.5 billion annually. A new report from the United Nations University-hosted
Solving the E-waste Problem (StEP) Initiative, published together with UN Environment,
highlights future e-waste scenarios. Under a baseline scenario, the amount of e-waste will more
than double by 2050, to reach approximately 111 million tonnes per year.
World’s yearly cement production is concerning 1.6 billion tons, that accounts
for 7-8% of the world loading of carbon dioxide into environment. Portland cement is one in every
of the foremost energy-intensive construction materials and is essentially accountable for
greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. to scale back the price and use of standard Portland cement.
The total volume of cement production worldwide amounted to an estimated 4.1 billion tons in
2020. Back in 1995, the total global production of cement amounted to just 1.39 billion tons, which
indicates the extent to which the construction industry has grown since then.
This study is aimed to investigate the optimization of NaOH solution for e-waste treatment. The
produced e-waste concrete is expected to have enhanced strength, while providing means of saving
natural resources.

The Research Problem:

 Disposal of Electronic waste (E-waste) has become serious challenge for developing and
developed countries as toxic substances and heavy metals in e-waste will hurt human
health and also the Environment.
 Use of E-waste in the construction industry can minimize its adverse impacts on the
environment.
 Although E-waste has positive impacts on durability properties, however, incorporation of
E-waste as aggregate has adverse impacts in the mechanical properties of concrete.
 Therefore, this research work aims on chemical treatment of E-waste to improve its
mechanical properties.

The Purpose of the Study:

In the face of environmental issues, e-waste in any type should be properly disposed of or reused
to stop pollution. To use the e-waste as aggregates in concrete to develops the concrete
environment friendly.
 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

The Objectives of the Study:

The main objectives of this research are following:
 To experimentally investigate the mechanical and durability properties of chemically and
UV radiation modified e-waste concrete.
 To investigate the improvement in the mechanical and durability properties of chemically
modified e-waste concrete.
 To investigate the improvement in the mechanical and durability properties of modified e-
waste concrete by UV radiation treatment.

The Research Questions:

o Disposal of Electronic waste (E-waste) has become serious challenge for
developing and developed countries as toxic substances and heavy metals in e-
waste will hurt human health and also the Environment.
o Use of E-waste in the construction industry can minimize its adverse impacts on
the environment.
o Although E-waste has positive impacts on durability properties, however,
incorporation of E-waste as aggregate has adverse impacts in the mechanical
properties of concrete.
o Therefore, this research work aims on chemical treatment of E-waste to improve its
mechanical properties.

CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE & STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE:

Contribution to Knowledge (Academic Contribution):

The management and usage of E plastic waste is quickly growing because it may be a valuable
resource of IT industries and its terribly venturous substances and with low usage rate. the
employment of e plastic waste materials may be a partial effective to environmental and ecological
issues. because the use of E plastic waste can reduce the aggregates price and provides a decent
strength for the structures and roads. it'll reduces the landfills price and its energy saving. It may
also reduce the hazardous effects of cement.

E-waste offers many advantages once it's utilized in construction product, thereby reduces e-waste
management issues and saves the planet from environmental pollution.

Statement of Significance (Practical Contribution):

E-waste concrete could have a helpful property these embrace,

 Good compressive and flexure strength.

 Substantial modification in self weight.
 Better workability.
 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

 Use of e-waste in concrete, reduces its volume for disposal.

 Solving the matter of adverse effects of e-waste disposal.
 Provides economical and safe disposal e-waste.
 Lighter weight than competitive materials reducing fuel consumption throughout
transportation of e-waste.
 Durability and longevity.
 Resistance to chemicals, water and impact.
 At freezing point, the bonding capability will increase because the temperature will increase.

LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

E-waste offers huge potential benefits when it is utilized in construction products, thereby
reduces e-waste management problems and saves the earth from environmental pollution.
The e-waste generation in 2016 was about 44.70 million MT worldwide, and it is expected to
increase to around 52.20 million MT by the year 2021 (Balde et al., 2017) with yearly
generation rate of 3 to 5%. In fact, the e-waste growth rate is three times higher than other
waste streams (Kumar et al., 2017a).
According to Kurup and Kumar (2017a), the higher fiber replacement level lowered concrete
properties such as slump, fresh density, and compaction factor. This reduction was mainly
attributed to the surface texture, size, aspect ratio, bonding characteristics, friction between
fibers, and fibers distribution in concrete. However, the maximum slump reduction did not
exceed 10% and the resulting concrete could exhibit medium workability. Similarly, the slump,
fresh density and compaction factor values were not significantly affected in PVC fiber
concrete (Kurup and Kumar, 2017a
Based on experimental results, the maximum increase in compressive strength was 30.8% with
the addition of 0.8% PVC fiber (Kurup and Kumar, 2017a). In addition, the flexural and
split tensile strengths were increased by up to 55.5% and 10.7%, respectively (Kurup and
Kumar, 2017a).
In general, the increase of e-plastic as coarse aggregate or fine aggregate showed reducing
effect on the workability and mechanical characteristics of mortar/concrete (Fig. 3)
(Kumar and Baskar, 2014a, 2015b; Manjunath, 2016; Niu and Li, 2007; Bulut and
Sahin, 2017). Based on Kumar and Baskar (2014b) and (2015a), the higher content of HIPS
replacing coarse aggregate (12 to 6 mm) by volume reduced the fresh properties (slump, and
fresh density) of concrete due to the flaky shape and lower density of HIPS aggregate.
 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

A decline in compressive strength was also noticed by increasing the CRT, particularly at
higher w/b ratios (Fig. 5b). Also, the abrasion volume loss of concrete was decreased by 19%
at 20% CRT content (Yildirim, 2018).
According to Kim et al. (2017), compressive and tensile strengths were improved by 13% and
45%, respectively in the presence of 10% glass content. Moreover, the glass particle with 5
µm size increased the compressive strength by 3.8% more than that of 12 µm particle size due
to concrete compactness. Few researchers revealed that the well-compacted concrete
comprising of LCD glass showed excellent UPV value, which was recorded at higher than
4000 m/s at maximum aggregate substitution and increased with age (Wang et al.,
2015a; Chen et al., 2011).

Sustainable Development Goals:

 Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6 or Global Goal 6):
"Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”
 Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Goal 9 or SDG 9):
“SDG 9 aims to build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and
foster innovation”.
 Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11 or Global Goal 11):
“The SDG 11 is to "Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.”
 Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13 or Goal 13:
“The official wording is to "Take urgent action to combat climate change and
its impacts". SDG 13 has targets which are to be achieved by 2030.”
Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY:

E-waste
Procuring
Phase 1 of NAOH
materials
Cement

Chemical
treatment
Phase 2
UV radiation
treatment
Chemical
treatment
Phase 2
UV radiation
treatment
 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

Analysis
Phase 4
Conclusion and
Recommendation
Phase 1: Material procurement

Phase 1 is about material procurement.

The materials use in this project are ordinary Portland cement (OPC), NaOH, e-waste aggregate
and natural aggregate (fine and coarse). The e-waste will be collect from Rawalpindi; NaOH will
be from Peshawar.

Phase 2: Material characterization

Phase 2 is about material characterization.

To check the different properties of materials we will arrange different experiments,

 For cement and E-waste, the following tests will arrange,

 Specific gravity
 Blain's air permeability test
 Heat of hydration at different replacement level (calorimeter)

For aggregate the following tests will be arranging,

 Specific gravity
 Bulk density
 Water absorption
 Sieve analysis (FM)

Phase 3: Casting, Curing and Testing

 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

Phase 3 is about casting, curing and testing.

 First we will cast the samples, for flexural tests we will cast the samples of beams
and for compressive and tensile test we will cast the samples of 6 by 12 in cylinders.
 During the casting we will arrange tests for fresh concrete on slump test and the
second will be fresh density test.

In curing, we will put the sample 7-28 days in curing.

 In testing we will arrange two types of tests one destructive and second non-destructive.
 Destructive tests are compressive, flexural and split tensile tests for concrete strength.
 Non-destructive tests are rebound hammer (NR), ultra-sonic pulse velocity (UPV), freeze-
thaw, Water absorption, Acid attack and Sorptivity.

Phase 4: Conclusion and discussion

Phase 4 is about conclusion and discussion about the results obtained from phase 3. In this
phase we will analysis the data and discussion of conclusion and recommendation.

BUDGET AND FEASIBILITY

a. Proposed starting date: 15 November, 2021

b. Expected date of completion: 1 August, 2022

c. Are facilities available for the project Yes or No?

Yes, some experiment will be arranged in CECOS University and some experiments will be
arranged in others university.

Itemized Expenses: (details of expenditure).

Approximately = Rs 30,000/- to 50,000/- (thirty thousand to fifty thousand rupees).

 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

SCHEDULE

Semester 7th – 8th

Work to
FALL 21 SPRING 22
accomplish
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July

Project
proposal

Material
collection

Test on
material and
casting

Literature
review

Experimental
work

Analysis,
Result &
Discussion

Thesis
Writing

Tasks performed

Tasks To be Performed
 Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.

Reference’s:

Kaliyavaradhan, S.K., Prem, P.R., Ambily, P.S. and Mo, K.H., 2022. Effective utilization of e-waste plastics
and glasses in construction products-a review and future research directions. Resources, Conservation and
Recycling, 176, p.105936.

Ullah, Zeeshan, Muhammad Irshad Qureshi, Afnan Ahmad, Sibghat Ullah Khan, and Muhammad Farrukh
Javaid. "An experimental study on the mechanical and durability properties assessment of E-waste
concrete." Journal of Building Engineering 38 (2021): 102177.

Kumar KS, Premalatha PV, Baskar K, Pillai GS, Hameed PS. Assessment of radioactivity in concrete made
with e-waste plastic. Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 2017 Oct 6;46(2):574-9.

Manjunath, B.A., 2016. Partial replacement of E-plastic waste as coarse-aggregate in concrete. Procedia
Environmental Sciences, 35, pp.731-739.

He, L., Cai, H., Huang, Y., Ma, Y., Van Den Bergh, W., Gaspar, L., Valentin, J., Vasiliev, Y.E., Kowalski,
K.J. and Zhang, J., 2021. Research on the properties of rubber concrete containing surface-modified rubber
powders. Journal of Building Engineering, 35, p.101991.

Ossola, Gregorio, and Adam Wojcik. "UV modification of tire rubber for use in cementitious
composites." Cement and Concrete Composites 52 (2014): 34-41.

Su, H., Yang, J., Ghataora, G.S. and Dirar, S., 2015. Surface modified used rubber tyre aggregates: effect
on recycled concrete performance. Magazine of Concrete Research, 67(12), pp.680-691.

Si, R., Guo, S. and Dai, Q., 2017. Durability performance of rubberized mortar and concrete with NaOH-
Solution treated rubber particles. Construction and Building Materials, 153, pp.496-505.
Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.
Experimental Investigation of Chemically Modified Electronic Waste Concrete.