AIR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
EXPERIMENT NO 1
Lab Title Introduction to Programming
Student Name: Reg. No:
Objective:
LAB ASSESSMENT:
Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules
Total Marks: Obtained Marks:
LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:
Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Data presentation
Experimental results
Conclusion
Total Marks: Obtained Marks:
Date: Signature:
Computer Programming (Lab 1) Prepared by: Engr. M. Farooq Khan
EXPERIMENT NO 1
Introduction to Programming
Objectives:
• To know the importance of programming.
• To know about C++ compilers.
• To learn how to write a simple code in C++.
• To learn what does the compiler do in different situations.
• To learn how to add comments in your code.
• To learn how to take input from user.
• To learn how to display anything (output) on console.
Equipment required:
• Dev-C++/Eclipse/Visual Studio installed in PC/Windows
DISCUSSION
1. Introduction
Computer is organized in different units in which the basic units are input, output,
memory, and CPU. Input unit provide data and instructions to the CPU. Memory stores
the data and instructions; CPU executes the instructions and pass the results of the
execution to the output.
Algorithm is a well-define and ordered set of instructions which lead to a solution within
finite number of steps. Compiler is a program that translates high-level language to
machine language and creates an executable file. There are many compilers that we
can use to code C++, i.e., Eclipse, Dev, Visual Studio, cpp.sh online compiler etc.
2. Pre-Lab
2.1 Writing our First Program
Code
Whenever we write a C++ code, we will always include 3 things.
o #include <iostream>
o using namespace std;
BEBME-F21-A Air University, Islamabad
o int main ()
{
“Write your code here.”
return0;
}
• #include <iostream>
#include <iostream> tells the pre-processor to include the iostream standard file. This
specific file (iostream) includes the declarations of the basic standard input-output
library in C++, and it is included because its functionality is going to be used later in
the program. The C++ language defines several other headers i.e., #include <string>,
all these libraries contain information that is either necessary or useful to our program
in some way.
• using namespace std;
“using namespace std” means we use the namespace named std. “std” is an
abbreviation for standard. So that means we use all the things with in “std” namespace.
If this namespace is not used, then computer finds for the “cout”, “cin” and “endl” etc.
Computer cannot identify those and therefore it throws errors.
• int main ()
The main function serves as the starting point for program execution. It usually controls
program execution by directing the calls to other functions in the program. A program
usually stops executing at the end of main, although it can terminate at other points in
the program for a variety of reasons. Specifying an ‘int’ with the ‘main’ means that our
function needs to return some integer at the end of the execution, and we do so by
returning 0 at the end of the program. 0 is the standard for the “successful execution
of the program”.
• curly “{}” brackets of int main ()
Until now all lines are compulsory for every program while this curly bracket is the place
where we will write our main logic for different programs. To display anything on
console we have to write:
cout<<“whatever we want to display on console”;
Anything written between these commas “ ” will be displayed on the console.
2.2 Some general rules for printing
Description Command Output
Printing double cout<<"Hello \"World\""; Hello “World”
quotes (“)
Printing back slash cout<<"Hello \\World"; Hello \ World
(\)
Printing tab space cout<<"Hello \t World"; Hello World
jump to new line cout<<"Hello \nWorld"; Hello
World
jump to new line cout<<"Hello"<<endl; Hello
cout<<"World"; World
Computer Programming (Lab 1) Prepared by: Engr. M. Farooq Khan
2.3 Comments
Commenting involves placing human readable descriptions inside of computer
programs detailing what the code is doing. Proper use of commenting can make
code maintenance much easier, as well as helping make finding bugs faster. Further,
commenting is very important when writing functions that other people will use.
To include comment at particular line just write \\any comment here
2.4 Variables
Variables are used to store data inside them. The name of a variable can be
composed of letters, digits, and the underscore character. It must begin with either a
letter or an underscore. Upper and lowercase letters are distinct because C++ is
case-sensitive.
Variable type How do define in C++
(Data type)
Integer int w;
Decimal float x; or double x;
A Single char y;
Character
Boolean bool z;
Variables can be used to either put data directly into them or by initializing them and
take data from the user. Suppose we want to take an integer value from the user,
then we will first initialize integer variable like this:
int x; \\ x is the name of variable.
Now to take input just write “cin>>x” whatever user enters will be stored in the
variable x.
We can perform any operation on the variables.
BEBME-F21-A Air University, Islamabad
2.5 Arithmetic Operations
Description Operator Answer
Addition cout<<5+2 7
Subtraction cout<<5-2 3
Multiplication cout<<5*2 10
Integer Division cout<<5/2 2
Modulus cout<<5%2; 1
(Remainder)
Division Cout<<5.0/2 2.5
including float
2.6 Assignment Operator
Solve expression on right side and assign the result in variable of left side. For
example.
int main ()
{
int x, y;
cout<<”Enter a number: ”
cin>>x;
y = x*x;
cout<<“The square of “ << x << “ is: “ << y;
}
3. Post-Lab (Lab Tasks)
1. Write a program that displays the following output on screen.
She asked, \“Are you alright?”\
He replied. “Yes! I’m fine”
2. Write a program that declares two variables, perform any arithmetic operation on
them and obtain a float output whatever the inputs are.
3. Write a program that declares 2 variables and display the result of their addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division at the output console.
END
