Contents

Executive summary................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Section 1: Hand book................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction to legal systems.................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Sources of law............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Constitution................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Treaties....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Common law.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Private law.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Role of government in law making...........................................................................................................................................................................8
How statutory law is applied in court................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Strength and weakness of legal system..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Intellectual property law......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Executive summary

Business law can help the entrepreneurs to make better decisions. It allows the countless laws to be applied in business sector. it helps
to define the system of stability and conflict resolutions. The law is an important component of our culture. Like language, it reflects
the values, history, and current issues that make up society. This report basically focuses on three aspects. Section 1 is based on the
hand book explaining the legal systems and its structures where as section 2 highlights the different types of business organizations
and the effect of law on those organization. In addition to this section 3 is a presentation based on certain sceneries related to laws and
their appropriate solutions.
Section 1: Hand book

Introduction to legal systems

Legal system consists of rules of laws based on administrative institutions and regulatory bodies. It is basically a legal framework of
implementing and enforcing laws and rules on individuals. For this cause, government ensures that all the companies operating in
country should follow all the rules and regulations. These laws are basically the set of actions for both the employees and employers.
All the laws are responsible to be applied through court system and the constituents are the basis of legal system. It also includes the
social control process to provide certain institutions the legislatures and code of conduct. Other than that, laws are basically the set of
principles to have application in society. It helps to promote social justice and keep the peace. It helps the average citizen to get justice
and create social justice.

Sources of law

Different sources of laws are applied to different countries but fundamentals of laws are based on four main rules of laws. These are
based on common law, legislations and union laws. When the infrastructure of a country is defined at that time sources of laws are
applied to maintain the structure of society and behavior of individuals. Laws are the major part of legislation. The. Code. of
Procedure establishes. the rules. under which .the substantive. norms of law. apply. It helps to apply the duties of law that individuals
owe to each other. All the countries have legal system and upon that base they have the sources of law. In addition to this, some of the
primary sources of laws are treaties, Statutes and constitutions.

Constitution

Constitutions is one of the most important legal systems in Pakistan and UK. all of the laws must be consistent with constitutions
otherwise court disappears the law. This was firstly adopted by Sri Lanka in 1972. Basically, courts determine the legislation and all
the constitution. They set the rules of ground and powers in different sectors of government. It sets the basic principles for the
government which helps them to define the powers and duties. In other words, it is an instrument which allows to embody the rules of
the social organization. The whole government is based and run-on basis on its constitution. Generally, it creates the fundamental
boundaries because of rights of government and the citizens.

Treaties
Treaties are the laws made by the regional grouping which later becomes the signatory to treaty. Some of the examples of treaties
includes trade treaties, bilateral treaties and some other which makes it easy for the country to amend the rules. Regional grouping is
basically based on the regulations of governmental authorities. All the directors have to adopt the laws in each state and they also have
to ensure the consistency of laws. Other than that, countries who helps to seek the accede to EU have definitely take the laws and
standards which they have imposed to the infrastructure. Like in a country adopts the who standards of drinking water then it means
that they have followed the relevant treaties. These are ratified two third member of parliament.

Statute

Legislation is one of the important sources of law which gives priority to the sources of law instead of constitutions. They have the
one or more than one legislative body in the country. It gives the provincial and municipal authorities which have the separate power
to legislate. All of these rules determine the extent at which they provide areas of legislative bodies that gives a priority over another.
Other than this primary legislation gives the powers to the delegates to the particular ministries and helps that to prepare secondary
legislation designed to supplement and develop the sets of principles of primary legislation. Like if the guidelines of the regulatory
authority are established it also be set out in secondary legislation. As secondary legislation subjects the full parliamentary guidelines
and faster to enact. This shows that it is more difficult to identify the legislations as it has to recorded in subsidiary documents.

Interpretation

Interpretation is defined as the administrative rules, orders and constitution. It gives the courts to enact through different process and
its first step is interpretation. Interpretations gives the final says to the legislatures and what the law says. As many of the laws are
based on the general language which is known as power of interpretation which is important.

Courts basically decides the laws which are applied to particular case. It gives an important issue to all the situations such like
legislature did not anticipate when it has already been passed. Through these interpretations, courts tend to expand the scope of laws.
Other than this when statutes are interpreted it gives the plain meaning of statute language which helps to examine the legislative
history of statutes. The major purpose of the statutes is achieved when they try to accommodate the public policy. When any of the
law is interpreted to the governmental agency these courts help to accept that interpretation if that is considered reasonable. Courts are
interpretated based on laws at the opening of chapter.

Common law

Common law is all about solving dispute of law if other sources of law are not applicable at that time. It is a secondary source of law.
It is all about decision making of laws when it arises the court generally resolves the dispute among the ways. Like if there is no
statute of type of law then they provide the rule that is used in court to resolve the dispute, it is never exempted from making the
decisions. But instead of that it in this case court declares the rules of law in the dispute. Basically, this law was established by
Normans who invaded England in 1066. This was firstly used to conquer the successor to unity the country and the various cities as
well. other than this these disputes also have the customs and laws to the region where they have unified the common system.

In addition to this, another important secondary source of law is decision making in equity. This is one common law which determines
the ownership of the land and instead of that it gives the damages to settle the disputes. But if some person wants some other remedy,
then this, they have filed the petition through the lawyer and in the end because of all this court was formed and remedies other than
common laws were offered to the particular injunction.

Private law

Private law is basically the source of law which is based on existence to public institutions. Individuals in this case creates the law by
the help and power of contract. When people sign contract for a particular thing, court enforces them in terms of agreement. Apart
from other sources of law contracts are always private between the one of two parties and those parties are then obligated to fulfill the
contractual obligations till the end of contract.
Role of government in law making
This section of handbook explores the roles of courts in terms of making laws, like judiciary and legal system which is also referred
as common and legal system. It is basically the responsibility of executive branch of government which helps to develop the laws and
policies. It gives them the responsibility to approve all the pass new laws which gives the legal effects to the policies. All of the laws
were applied by magistrates and it becomes popular throughout the country. This was known as common law.

Laws are made by government in different steps the house of lords and the house of common both of these chambers are established to
stage the exemption for the purpose of changes to the draft. Then the bill passed by them is taken to the final text and is approved by
both of the houses before it is signed by the kings and the authorities of the government then all those laws become the act of
parliament.

When it reaches to the house of cards. The main discussion is about the main areas of bills. And at that point members discuss other
particular concerns which they believe they need to changes and these mares necessary. Many times, there is no section section at this
stage of making law. And usually there are no sounds at this stage. When the committee revise the stage with some of the
modifications all the members start to begin the invoice and work until the end and then the vote is taken to determine that there will
be further changes or not. Other than this many of the members can work and participate in it under no limit. And finally at the report
stage they have an opportunity to review the law and make changes among that. So that more modifications are made to be discussed
and more of the votes are taken to decide the further changes. And at the end the both of the houses agree upon the bill and it becomes
the act of parliament. These lists are amended and presented by the member before the commission. Everyday different phases of
each of the proposed bill change and changes appear in the order which affects the body of invoice.

How statutory law is applied in court

Such laws have different structures in terms of administration. All of these are based on decisions of common law. Public and private
both includes the law framework. These laws. are in written format and these laws. are passed through the .house or parliaments .after
getting. approval and .regulations based on the .statutory instruments. Furthermore, the state of codes. and government also includes.
the rules and regulations on the approval. It has a very. important structure in statutory .definition. Like legal. services act is written.
these laws are basically the property in chronological. volumes in the framework. Statutes also includes reformed structures of
statutory laws.

How common law is applied in court

Common law is a continuous reforming structure. Basically, it is a principle of common law which is on full effect under the judge. In
these cases, judgments are done by the help of legal documentation on cases in court. Common law also has the structures based upon
the jurisdiction. In some of the criminal cases the house of criminal and house of lords have the division in court which decides the
legal precedence based on the crime.

Strength and weakness of legal system

Strengths Weaknesses
 One of the biggest strengths is courts are free from  Changes in court makes can be slow as laws are to be
political pressure and they can easily make law on made immediately and they have particular area of law.
controversial areas.  Some of the research methods are outrated.
 Precedents make sure to create certainty and
predictability.
 They have a set up ordinance date set.
 They have ability to provide all the criminal guidance to
all the departments and other related guidance as well.

Intellectual property law

Intellectual property law deals with the law to protect and enforce the rights of creator. Like these days individuals share their content
or related post so they get the rights of creation and owner invention and when somebody else uses their post they are first allowed to
give owners invention credit for the post. This type of law has range of legal rights and copy rights also refers to the rights given to the
creator of product.

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