DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

1O Mandaue City Division

Plaridel St., Reclamation Area, Mandaue City

Science 10
First Grading – Module 5 Week 5
PLATE TECTONICS: Processes and
landforms along plate boundaries

Page | 1
Content Standard: The relationship among the locations of volcanoes, earthquake
epicentres, and mountain ranges.

Learning Competency: Explain the different processes that occur along the plate
boundaries S10ES –Ia-j-36.3

INTRODUCTION

Geological processes are naturally occurring events that directly or indirectly

impact the geology of the Earth. Plate boundaries play a vital role in shaping
the Earth. Many geological processes occur in this area; hence, it is called the
action site. Examples of geological processes are earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, mountain formation, and formation of oceanic trench. The
movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries: convergent,
where plates move into one another; divergent, where plates move apart; and
transform, where plates move sideways in relation to each other.

This Self Learning Kit focuses on the Types of Convergent Plate boundary.
Through this, you will understand the geological processes which affect us and
our environment in so many ways. You are going to analyze why earthquakes,
volcanic activity, and mountain building occur in the different parts of the
world. Activities are provided for you to fully understand about these natural
phenomena.

The activities given include the convergence between two oceanic plates,
oceanic and continental plates, and between two continental plates.

At the end of the week, you are expected to answer the following
questions:

A. Explain the processes that occur along plate boundaries.

B. Determine the consequences of colliding plates.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

1. What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a convergent

boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?
A. Trench
B. Mountain
C. Rift valley
D. Mid- Atlantic ridge
2. When does a subduction zone formed?
A. When one tectonic plate dives under another plate
B. When two continental plates collide with each other

Page | 2
 C. When two plates slide past each other
D. When there is a volcanic eruption in the area
3. When convergent plates collide, and both are continental plates, what geologic
feature is formed?
A. Fissures
B. Mountain Ranges
C. Volcanoes
D. Rock Cycle
4. At convergent plate boundaries where oceanic and continental crust meets
_________.
A. no associated volcanism occurs
B. oceanic crust is subducted
C. continental crust is subducted
D. oceanic crust is created
5. Volcanic island arcs are associated with __________.
A. transform plate boundaries
B. divergent plate boundaries
C. ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries
D. ocean-continent convergent plate boundaries
6. Compressive stresses, granitic magmas, and intermediate depth earthquakes are
associated with __________
A. subduction zones
B. continent/continent convergence
C. spreading centers
D. transform boundaries
7. Which of the following is NOT associated with convergent plate margins?
A. deep-focus earthquakes
B. rift valleys
C. island arcs
D. deep-sea trenches
8. When a continental plate converges with an oceanic plate, what will most likely
to happen?
A. the continental plate is subducted
B. the oceanic plate is subducted
C. both plates rise and form mountains
D. both plates are subducted and form a trench
9. Sometimes, when two tectonic plates collide, one is pushed below the other; this
action at the convergent boundary is called___________.
A. Divergent boundary C. Transform boundary
B. Convergent boundary D. Subduction

10. It is considered as the deepest trench around the world and is formed as a result
of the collision between Pacific plate and Mariana plate.
A. Philippine trench C. Puerto Rico trench
Page | 3
 B. Japan trench D. Marinas trench

Review

In the previous lesson, you learned that there are three types of Plate
Boundaries: Convergent, Divergent, and Transform Fault. In convergent plate
boundary, the plates are moving toward each other, divergent plate boundary, the
plates are moving away from each other and in transform fault the plates are sliding
past each other. Please refer to the illustrations below:

There are many processes that occur along these boundaries which
affect us and our environment.

Page | 4
 Activity 1
Head- On Collision (Part-1)

Part A- Converging Continental Plate and Oceanic Plate

OBJECTIVES

a. Identify the process/es that occur along continental plate and oceanic plate
boundaries.
b. Determine the geologic features formed when continental and oceanic plates
collide.

MATERIALS
Cross-sectional diagram of converging continental and oceanic plates

Pen, Paper

PROCEDURE

1. Study Figure 1 showing a cross-sectional diagram of plates that are converging,

and answer the questions that follow.

Figure 1- Cross-sectional diagram of converging continental and oceanic plates

Page | 5
 QUESTIONS

1. What type of plate is Plate A? What about Plate B? Why?

2. What happens to Plate A as it collides to plate B? Why?

3. What do you think will happen to the leading edge of Plate A as it continues to
move downward? Why?

4. What do you call this molten material?

5. What is formed on top of Plate B?

6. As the plates continue to grind against each other, what other geologic event
could take place?

Discussion

The previous activity depicts what happens during collision of two plates; one
has continental edge while the other has an oceanic edge. From the diagram, it is
clear that this event gives rise to the formation of a volcanic arc near the edge of a
continental leading plate. The reason for this is because the denser oceanic crust
(Plate A) undergoes what we call subduction process or the bending of rock towards
the mantle. Since the mantle is hotter than the crust, the tendency is the subducted
crust melt forming magma. Addition of volatile material such as water will cause the
magma to become less dense, hence allowing it to rise and reach the crust once
again and causing volcanic activities on the continental leading plate.

For the oceanic crust, one important geologic feature is formed, and that is
the trench. Also called submarine valleys, ocean trenches are the deepest part of
the ocean. One of the deepest is the Philippine trench with a depth of 10,540
meters.

Another subsequent effect of the continuous grinding of plates against each

other is the occurrence of earthquakes. The subduction of plate can cause
earthquakes of varying depths. Most parts of the world experience occasional
shallow earthquakes-where the focus is within 60 km of the Earth’s surface.
(Learner’s Material, page 17).

Page | 6
 Activity 2

Head -On Collision (Part-2)

Part B- Convergence of Two Oceanic Plates

OBJECTIVES

a. Give the geologic features formed when two oceanic plates collide with
each other.
b. Explain the geologic processes that occur when an oceanic plate collides
with another oceanic plate.

MATERIALS

Cross-sectional diagram of converging oceanic plates

Paper, pen
PROCEDURES

1. Study Figure 2.It shows a cross-section of two converging oceanic plates.

2. Using your knowledge gained from the previous activity, identify the geologic

events or features resulting from this collision.

Figure 2- Cross-sectional diagram of converging oceanic plates

Page | 7
 QUESTIONS

1. What geologic processes /events that will occur because of the collision between
two oceanic plates?

2. What geologic features might form at the surface of Plate A?

3. If the edge of Plate A suddenly flicks upward, a large amount of water may be
displaced. What could be formed at the surface of the ocean?

4. What do you call that event in which the denser and colder oceanic crust thrusts
into the mantle which will later become magma?

Discussion

Like the first type of convergent boundaries discussed earlier, converging

oceanic plates will cause formation of trenches, and these trenches will become
sources of earthquakes. Underwater earthquakes, especially the stronger ones, can
generate tsunamis. The Japanese term for “harbor wave”, tsunami is a series of
ocean waves with very long wavelengths (typically hundreds of kilometers) caused
by large –scale disturbances of the ocean.

The leading edge of the subducted plates will eventually reach the mantle
causing it to melt and turn into magma. The molten material will rise to the
surface creating a volcanic island arc parallel to the trench. Volcanic island arc is
a chain of volcanoes position in an arc shape as seen below.

Page | 8
 Activity 3

Head- On Collision (Part 3)

Part C- Convergence of Two Continental Plates

OBJECTIVES

a. Determine the geological feature formed when two continental plates are
moving toward each other.
b. Explain the process that occurs along the two continental colliding plates.

MATERIALS

Illustration of Continental-Continental Collision

Paper and Pen

PROCEDURES

1. Study Figure 3.It shows a cross-section of two converging continental plates.

2. Identify the geologic events or features resulting from this collision.

Figure 3. Cross-section of two converging continental plates.

https://aestheticxscience.wixsite.com/scienthetic/single-post/2017/11/18/Convergent-Plate-Boundaries

Page | 9
 QUESTIONS

1. What are the continental plates involved in this collision?

2. How will you describe the motion of two plates?
3. What geologic feature is formed when two continental plates collide?
4. What geologic event could take place with this type of plate movement?
5. What is the highest mountain range in the world?
Discussion

When two continental plates converge, a collision zone is formed. Unlike

the other two types of convergent boundaries, subduction ceases for this
particular type of convergence. No trench, no volcano, and definitely no island
arc are created during this process. Instead, what is created is a large group of
tall mountains called mountain range. About 40 to 50 million years ago, two
large land masses, India and Eurasia, collided to begin the formation of the most
visible product of plate tectonics - the Himalayas. Since subduction is
impossible between two colliding continental plates, pressure is released by
pushing the crusts upward and forming the Himalayan peaks. Himalaya is the
tallest mountain range in the world.

Generalization For the oceanic crust, one important

There are three types of geologic feature is formed, and that
Convergent Plate Boundaries: is a trench. Also called submarine
Oceanic- Continental boundary, valleys, ocean trenches are the
Oceanic-Oceanic boundary, deepest part of the ocean. Another
Continental- Continental boundary. subsequent effect of the continuous
Each type of plate boundary gives rise grinding of plates against each other
to the formation of geologic features is the occurrence of earthquakes.
and processes in both continental The subduction of plate can cause
crust and oceanic crust. earthquakes at varying depths.
When an oceanic plate collides Collision between two oceanic
with a continental plate, the denser plates will lead to the formation of
oceanic plate dives under the trenches. These trenches will become
continental plate in a process called sources of earthquakes. Underwater
subduction. The subducted oceanic earthquakes especially the stronger
plate will move into the mantle where ones, can generate tsunamis.
it melts and becomes magma. Subduction occurs in this type of
Addition of volatile material such as boundary and the leading edge of the
water will cause the magma to rise subducted plate will eventually reach
and reach the crust again. An the mantle causing it to melt and
important geologic feature that is turn into magma. The molten
formed near the edge of the material will rise to the surface
continental leading plate is the creating a volcanic island arc
volcanic arc. It is a chain of parallel to a trench, Mariana trench
volcanoes, hundreds to thousands of is the deepest trench in the world.
Page | 10
miles long, that forms above a
subduction zone.
 Another type of convergent plate boundary is when two continental plates
collide. Continental lithosphere is low in density and very thick. Continental
lithosphere cannot subduct. At convergent plate boundaries, oceanic crust is
often forced down into the mantle where it begins to melt. Magma rises into and
through the other plate, solidifying into granite, the rock that makes up the
continents. Thus, at convergent boundaries, continental crust is created and
oceanic crust is destroyed. When two continental plates converge, they smash
together and create mountains. Shallow earthquakes are also associated in
.
this type of collision.

APPLICATION

1. What is the importance of understanding the convergence of plate boundaries?

POST-TEST

Read and analyze each question carefully. On your answer sheet, write the letter
and words of the best answer.
1. Which of the following describes a convergent boundary?
A. when two plates move apart from each other
B. when two plates interact in any way
C. when two plates slide along each other
D. when two plates move toward and collide with one another
2. Which of the following is a defining feature of an oceanic plate?
A. mostly above sea level C. mostly made up of granite and felsic rocks
B. mostly covered by oceans D. mostly made up of basalt and other mafic rocks
3. What do you call the site where one plate slides under another plate
A. lower zone C. convergence zone
B. divergence zone D. subduction zone
4. What geologic feature would you most likely to find at a convergent boundary between
two continental crusts?
A. island arc C. volcano
B. mountain D. rift
5. A subduction zone is formed when_______________.
A. two plates move away from each other
B. two plates slide past each other
C. two plates collide each other
D. one tectonic plate dives under another plate
Page | 11
6. Which geologic landform is created from a convergent continental and oceanic
boundaries?
A. fault C. mountain range
B. ocean trench D. mid-oceanic ridge
7. What would you be most likely to find at a convergent boundary between continental
crust and oceanic crust?
A. rift valley C. island arc
B. mid-ocean ridge D. volcanic arc
8. A _______ is a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly
sinks toward the mantle.
A. mid-ocean ridge C. mountain range
B. rift valley D. deep ocean trench
9. Which statement BEST describes the diagram of plate boundary below?

Thoughtco.com
A. The tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
B. The oceanic crust is melting and magma is formed.
C. The volcanic islands are forming on the oceanic crust.
D. The denser oceanic crust is subducting under the less dense continental crust.
Refer to the diagram below in answering question number 10:

Credits to: William Crochot

Page | 12
10. When an oceanic and a continental plate meet, a ________is formed on the oceanic
side, and _______ are formed on the continental side.
A. trench: volcanoes and mountains
B. volcano: trenches
C. trench: more trenches
D. mountain: trenches

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

Using long bond papers, illustrate the different types of Convergent Boundaries.
Include the geologic features/events on your illustrations.

Page | 13
 I would like to extend my sincerest gratitude to my family and friends
for their encouragement and overwhelming support from the start
until the end.

To my evaluator, Mr. Gayfred Comiros, for his time and effort

extended to improve the self- learning kit.

To our Education Program Supervisor in Science, Dr. Rufino T.

Tudlasan for his encouragement and guidance.

Most of all, to our Almighty God, for giving His endless blessings,
wisdom, and strength to make this self -learning kit possible.

This self -learning kit will help you explore and understand the natural
processes and events around us. It will enhance your understanding
about the occurrence of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges
around the world.

This kit is divided into different components and you are encouraged to
read and understand each component carefully.

First is the introduction that lays out what will be covered in the entire
lesson. Then, you will answer the pretest to evaluate your prior
knowledge about the topic. A series of activities will follow which allow
you to use and maximize your skills and apply critical thinking in
answering the questions after each activity. Key concepts are provided
after each activity to clarify your doubts and confusion. After all the
activities, summarized key concepts are given to deepen your
understanding about the topic. Lastly, you will answer a post evaluation
to assess your understanding about the entire lesson.

Page | 14
 DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

NIMFA D. BONGO Ed.D, CESO

Schools Division Superintendent

ESTELA B. SUSVILLA, Ph.D, CESE

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ISMAELITA DESABILLE Ed.D

Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS

RUFINO T. TUDLASAN, Ed.D

Education Program Supervisor – Science

GAYFRED COMIROS

Evaluator

The writer, Fatima R. Juban, is presently a Junior High

School Science teacher of Canduman National High School.
She graduated Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in
General Science at Cebu Normal University.

Page | 15