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Finite Element Analysis: Stiffness Matrix

The document discusses the direct stiffness method for finite element analysis of 1D structures. It presents the steps to derive the global stiffness matrix for 1D bar elements with 1, 2, and 3 elements. An example problem is provided to calculate displacements and reaction forces for a 3-element bar using the derived stiffness matrix approach. Exercises are also given for students to practice applying the direct stiffness method.

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103 views9 pages

Finite Element Analysis: Stiffness Matrix

The document discusses the direct stiffness method for finite element analysis of 1D structures. It presents the steps to derive the global stiffness matrix for 1D bar elements with 1, 2, and 3 elements. An example problem is provided to calculate displacements and reaction forces for a 3-element bar using the derived stiffness matrix approach. Exercises are also given for students to practice applying the direct stiffness method.

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SHANZYY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Finite Element Analysis

BMCG 4113
Global Stiffness Matrix

MOHD JUZAILA ABD LATIF PhD, CEng, MIMechE


FUNDAMENTAL OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
FUNDAMENTAL OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

There are several finite element methods.

Direct Approach - the simplest method for solving discrete problems in 1 and 2
dimensions;

Weighted Residuals method - uses the governing differential equations directly (e.g. the
Galerkin method),

Variational Approach - uses the calculus of variation and the minimization of potential
energy (e.g. the Rayleigh-Ritz method).
Direct Stiffness Method: Stiffness Matrix 1-D

1 Elastic modulus, E; Length, L & Area, A


2
F

1-D bar element can be represented as spring model


𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥 → 𝐹 = 𝑘∆𝐿

𝐸𝐴
𝑘=
𝐿
𝐹1 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑢2 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑘1 𝑢2
𝐹2 = 𝑘1 𝑢2 − 𝑢1 = 𝑘1 𝑢2 − 𝑘1 𝑢1
In matrix form:
𝐹1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1
=
𝐹2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2
Direct Stiffness Method: Stiffness Matrix 1-D

EXAMPLE 1 400 mm
Area A = 190 mm2

E = 200 GPa 120 kN

Determine the maximum displacement and the reaction force of the rod using finite
element method.
𝐹1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1
=
𝐹2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2
Direct Stiffness Method: Stiffness Matrix 1-D

1 E1; L1; A1 2 E2; L2; A2 3


F2 F3

𝐹1 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑢2 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑘1 𝑢2
𝐹2 = 𝑘1 𝑢2 − 𝑢1 + 𝑘2 𝑢2 − 𝑢3 = −𝑘1 𝑢1 + 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 𝑢3
𝐹3 = 𝑘2 𝑢3 − 𝑢2 = −𝑘2 𝑢2 + 𝑘2 𝑢3
Direct Stiffness Method: Stiffness Matrix 1-D

𝐹1 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑢2 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑘1 𝑢2
𝐹2 = 𝑘1 𝑢2 − 𝑢1 + 𝑘2 𝑢2 − 𝑢3 = −𝑘1 𝑢1 + 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 𝑢3
𝐹3 = 𝑘2 𝑢3 − 𝑢2 = −𝑘2 𝑢2 + 𝑘2 𝑢3
In matrix form:
𝐹1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 0 𝑢1
𝐹2 = −𝑘1 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2
𝐹3 0 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3

Why is the stiffness matrix is symmetry? It is always symmetry?


Direct Stiffness Method: Stiffness Matrix 1-D

EXERCISE 1

1 2 20 3 4

𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝑘1 = = 100 𝑘2 = = 200
𝐿 𝐿

Determine the nodal displacements and reaction forces using finite element method.
Direct Stiffness Method: Stiffness Matrix 1-D

EXERCISE 1

1 2 20 3 4

𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝑘1 = = 100 𝑘2 = = 200
𝐿 𝐿

𝐹1 100 −100 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹2 −100 200 −100 0 𝑢2
= 𝑢3
𝐹3 0 −100 300 −200
𝐹4 0 0 −200 200 𝑢4

Apply boundary conditions


𝑢2 = 0.12
𝐹1 100 −100 0 0 0 𝑢3 = 0.04
20 −100 200 −100 0 𝑢2
0 = 𝐹1 = −12
0 −100 300 −200 𝑢3
𝐹4 0 0 −200 200 0 𝐹4 = −8

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