GAT

MATHEMATICS

100% Mathematics preparation

(CAT A, B & C)

Author
Engr. Zulfiqar Moor

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[email protected]

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Lecturer: University of Management & Technology (UMT)

MS Thermal Mechanical Engineering NUST University Islamabad
JUNE 2017
Declaration

I certify that this mathematics literature work titled “GAT MATHEMATICS” is my own
work. The work has not been presented elsewhere for assessment. The material that has been
used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged / referred.

Zulfiqar Moor
Acknowledgements

In the name of Allah, the Magnificent, the Merciful.

Research work is a never ending struggle, and I am happy to have support from family and
friends. I have my fair share of mistakes along the way, but as Einstein once said, “Anyone who
has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.”
I am profusely thankful to my parents and siblings who have continuous support for me
throughout in every department of my life. I also owe my deep gratitude to my fellows, Samrina
Majeed, Aqib Javed, Akaash Munsif and Saima Abbasi as their constructive criticism and
support helped me a lot during this journey.
Last but not least I feel lucky to have the support of Miss Alina Haider for “Islamia University
Bahawalpur” as she was there for me in every hard time to support me morally and technically.

To everyone, who were a part of this journey with me, thank you and wish you all the best in
future.
Dedicated to My Father

Without Whom I am Nothing

1.1 Mean:
The mean average is not always a whole number.

The mean is the total of the numbers dividedby how many numbers there are.

To work out the mean:

Add up all the numbers.

7 + 9 + 11 + 6 + 13 + 6 + 6 + 3 + 11 = 72

Divide the answer by how many numbers there are.

There are 9 numbers.

72 ÷ 9 = 8

So the mean value is 8.

1.2 Mode:

The mode is the value that appears the most.

7 9 11 6 13 6 6 3 11

To work out the mode:

Put the numbers in order:

3 6 6 6 7 9 11 11 13
Look for the number that appears the most.

6 appears more than any other number.

So the mode value is 6.

1.3 Median:

The median is the middle value.

To work out the median:

Put the numbers in order:

3 6 6 6 7 9 11 11 13

The number in the middle of the list is the median.

So the median value is 7.

If there are two middle values, the median is halfway between them. Work out the median
for this set of numbers:

3 6 6 6 7 8 9 11 11 13

There are two middle values, 7 and 8.

The median is halfway between 7 and 8, so the median is

 1.4 Range:
The range is the difference between the biggest and the smallest number.
To work out the range:
Put the numbers in order:
3 6 6 6 7 9 11 11 13
Subtract the smallest number from the biggest number:

13 - 3 = 10
So the range of this set of numbers is 10.

1.5 Sum of Series:

Sum of an series =

Exp.what is the avg of first 20 multiples of 7?

7,14,21…….41
Sum=((7+140)/2)*20
Sum=73.5*20
We have to find avg so
Avg=73.5*20/20

= 73.5
Chapter : 02

2.1 Factorial:
N!=N.(N-1).(N-2)…….…2.1

7! = 7*6*5*4*3*2*1

2.2 Permutation:
If here are 5 student , in how many ways they can sit?
5!=5*4*3*2*1=120

2.3 Combination:
5 combination 2 = 5!/2!(5-2)!= 5!/2!*3!=5*4*3*2*1/2*1*3*2*1=10
Exp. How many different 4-person teams can b made from a group of 9 players?

=9!/5!(9-5)!

=126

2.4 Marble Size:

Marble size is 20cm*30cm. How many marbles are required to cover a square with side 3m?
3m=300cm
Area=300*300

No of marbles=Area/Marble size
=300*300/20*30
= 150
2.5 Length of Bridge:

If a man running at 15kmph passed a bridge in 9 seconds, what is the length of the bridge?

Length or Dist=speed * Time

15km=15000m
15000mpr=15000/3600 mps

So Length=15000*9/3600=37.5m

2.6 EQU Making:

What is the number 3 more than the double of specific value of x..?
2x-3
Similarly….

What is the number 3 less than the double of specific value of x..?
2x+3

2.7 LOG Properties:

Log(x.y)=log x+logy

Log(x/y)=logx-log y
ln e=1
ln x^2=2ln x
2.8 Clock Angles:

Angle traced by hour hand in 12 hrs = 360°.

Angle traced by minute hand in 60 min. = 360°.
5:35 .. express hour hand in degree?
As 12Sectors on clock=360 degree
5*30+30*35/60=150+17.5
= 167.5

2.9 Work Share:

Amount of Work/Time=Output(Rate)
A can do a piece of work in 4 hours; B and C together can do it in 3 hours, while A and
C together can do it in 2 hours. How long will B alone take to do it?

A=1/4
B+C=1/3

A+C=1/2
C=1/2-1/4=1/4
B=1/3-1/4=1/12
So B alone will do in 12 hours
Chapter : 03

(Geometry)

3.1 Area & Circumference of Circle:

Area= pi*r^2
C=2*pi*r

3.2 Area of Square, triangle, rectangle:

Area of square= s^2

Perimeter=4s
Area of triangle= b*h/2
Perimeter= sum of all sides

Area of Equilateral triabgle=sqrt3 *s^2/4

Perimeter=3s

Area of rectangle= L*W

Perimeter=2(L+W)

3.3Volume of cylinder
= pi*r^2*h
Volume of cube=a^3
Area of a rectangle = (Length × Breadth).
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth).

Area of a square = (side)2 = 1 / 2 (diagonal)2

Area of 4 walls of a room = 2 (Length +Breadth) × Height.
Area of a triangle = 1 / 2 × Base × Height.

I). Area of a triangle = √s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) where a, b,

c are the sides of the triangle and s = 1/ 2 (a + b +
c)

II). Area of parallelogram = (Base x Height).

Area of a rhombus = 1 / 2 (Product of
diagonals). III). Area of a trapezium =1 / 2 (sum
of parallel sides) x distance between them.

Iv). Area of a circle = ΠR2, where R is the radius.

Circumference of a circle = 2ΠR.

I). Circumference of a semi-circle = ΠR.

II). Area of semi-circle = ΠR2 / 2.

3.3Cube :
Let each edge of a cube be of length a. Then,

1. Volume = a3 cubic units.

2. Surface area = 6a2 sq. units.
3. Diagonal =√ 3a units.

3.4 Cylinder :

Let radius of base = r and Height (or length) = h. Then,

1. Volume = (∏r2h) cubic units.

2. Curved surface area = (2∏rh) sq. units.

3. Total surface area = 2∏r(h + r) sq. units.

Chapter: 04

(RATIO)
In this section, we will learn what are ratios, how to tackle various questions including ratios.
“Ratio and Proportion” is a topic often causing unrest and discomfort for many people. But
they are easy, you will learn In this chapter that tackling such questions is as simple as ABC.

So, ratio of 12 and 16 = 12/16 = 3/4=3:4.

And Ratio of 16 and 12=16/12=4/3=4:3.
 Here we have cancelled fractions on common factor of 12 and 16,(.i.e 4), so that 12/16 is
reduced to 3/4. In this chapter, we will call this common factor as “multiple”.

A ratio of more than 2 numbers:

For 3 or more numbers like a,b,c and d, ratio a:b:c:d means writing numbers in
specified order, and then cancelling them on a common factor, thus writing it in
specified form.

Like if a=16, b=18, and c=24, then

c:b:a=24:18:16
Now, does there exist any number on which ALL of these numbers divide, yes!! It is 2.
So, perform cancellation,

i.e c:b:a=12:9:8.

That is answer.

So, note here that we have performed cancellation on the number which divides all of 3
numbers. We will learn more about ratio of more than 2 numbers in the coming examples.

Q:1

Q.1 If 45% of students in a college are male, what is the ratio of male to female
students?

a 20:9

b 9:20

c 11:20

d 11:9

e 9:11
Solution:

As 45% students in college are male, female students are=100%-45%=55%. [Remember:Sum

of all percentages is always 100%. Read notes “Percentages part I” for details].

As question says ratio of male to female students, it means number of male students will come
first, and female second and not vice vesa. So,

9/11

=9:11 (Option E)

What is a Ratio Box?

If A=35 and B=45;

Then A:B=35:45 =7:9

Let us learn some terminology first:

4. Ratio Values: Values of A and B appearing in the ratio. Here in above

example, 7 and 9 are Ratio Values of A and B respectively.

5. Actual Values: Actual values of A and B without cutting. Here in above

example, 35 and 45 are Actual Values of A and B respectively.

6. Multiple: It is the number with which actual values are divided to get ratio
values. For example, Here we have cancelled fractions on common factor of 35 and
45,(.i.e 5), so that 35/45 is reduced to 7/9. Here 5 is called the multiple. So, multiple is
a number by which actual values are divided by to get ratio values. OR Multiple is a
number by which ratio values are mulipltied to get actual values.

1. It has always 3 rows. First row is for ratio values, second row is for multiple and last
row is for actual values.

2. It has one more column than number of quantities in the question. Like if there are
three quantities X, Y and Z, then ratio box will have 3+1=4 columns. First 3 columns
will be for X, Y and Z respectively and last column will be for total=X+Y+Z. So, ratio
box will look like this:

Why we need this ratio box?? Let us look at some examples:

Chapter # 06

PERCENTAGE

Basics:
Percentage means “OUT OF 100”. When I say I have got 60% marks in paper, it means that I have got 60
marks OUT OF 100. Now in mathematical terms,

%=1/100 = 0.01

Like:

a 5%=5/100=0.05

b 17%=17/100=0.17

c 12.5%=12.5/100=0.125

Now let us look at following examples to clarify our concept about above 4 points given in red box.
Example 2. 10% of what number is 6?
Chapter : 07

7.1 Algebra:
a^n*a^m=a^m+n
a^n/a^m=a^n-m

7.2 Days Problems:

If it is Sunday , what wil be after 100 days?
12*8=96=Sunday so +4=Thursday
After 100 days it wll b Friday

7.3Age Problems:
If father is double the age of his son. 20 years ago he was 12 times that of son. What is the age of
father now?

F=2S

F-20=12(S-20)
2S-20=12S-240
10S=220
S=22
F=2S=44

7.4 % Share:
A company sell three types of mobiles worth 100, 125, and 225. It sold equal no. of all
mobiles. What is the percent share of cheapest mobile?

Total=100+125+225=450
225=50%
100+125=225=50%
100*50/225=22.22%
7.5 Simple Interest (S.I.) :

If the interest on a sum borrowed for certain period is reckoned uniformly, then it is
called simple interest.

Let the principal = P, Rate = R% per annum (p.a) and Time = T years. Then ,

3. S.I. = (P x R x T / 100)

4. P = (100 x S.I. / R x T)

5. R = (100 x S.I / P x T)

6. T = (100 x S.I. / P x R).

Consumer math formulas:

Discount = list price × discount rate

Sale price = list price − discount

Discount rate = discount ÷ list price

Sales tax = price of item × tax rate

Interest = principal × rate of interest × time

Tips = cost of meals × tip rate

Commission = cost of service × commission rate

(Engr Zulfiqar Moor)

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