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Set Language

The document defines sets and set terminology. It discusses that a set is a collection of objects called elements. Examples of sets are provided. Key terms are defined such as finite and infinite sets, cardinality/cardinal number, empty/null sets, and unit/singleton sets. Exercises are provided to determine if statements about sets are true or false. The overall objective is to familiarize the reader with the language and concepts of sets.

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37 views11 pages

Set Language

The document defines sets and set terminology. It discusses that a set is a collection of objects called elements. Examples of sets are provided. Key terms are defined such as finite and infinite sets, cardinality/cardinal number, empty/null sets, and unit/singleton sets. Exercises are provided to determine if statements about sets are true or false. The overall objective is to familiarize the reader with the language and concepts of sets.

Uploaded by

Ennairis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Set Language

Objectives:
q Familiarize with the Language of Sets
q Define terms associated with Sets
q Answer Exercises

Slide 01
Definition
A set is a group or collection of objects.
Its members are called elements.

𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 well-defined sets: able to


𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 identify if an object
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 belongs to the set or not
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 “𝑀𝐴𝐺𝑁𝑂𝐿𝐼𝐴”
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 25

To name a set, we use capital letters.


Example: Set G is the set of literature books in Mr. Potter’s bookshelf. Slide 02
Let’s consider…
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
How many elements does this The set has 12 elements.
set have? Let’s list it down. Its cardinality or
cardinal number is 12.

𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 “𝑀𝐴𝐺𝑁𝑂𝐿𝐼𝐴”


What is the cardinal number of this set? M, A, G, N, O, L, I
(elements DO NOT repeat)
Its cardinality or cardinal number is 7.

𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 25


Is this a finite or infinite set? 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37,…
Infinite set
Slide 03
Definition
A set is group or collection of objects.
Its members are called elements.

Example:

𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝑀 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 6. in words

𝑀 = 1, 2, 3, 6 in roster form

𝑀 = 𝑥 | 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 6 in set builder-notation (or rule form)

𝐼𝑠 2 ∈ 𝑀 ? Is 2 an element of M ? yes

𝐼𝑠 0 ∈ 𝑀 ? Is 0 an element of M ? no
Slide 04
Cardinality or Cardinal Number
The cardinality of a given set is determined by
the number of elements it has. UNIT SET or
SINGLETON SET:
𝐼𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝐴 ℎ𝑎𝑠 12 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, a set with only one element
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝐴 = 12 𝐼𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑡 0 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 0
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠 1.
𝐼𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝐵 ℎ𝑎𝑠 1 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, If a set has NO elements, then
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝐵 = 1 it is an EMPTY or NULL set.
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟 ∅ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑡.

𝐼𝑓 𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝐶 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 An empty set is DIFFERENT


from a set with zero as an
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, element.
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒. Slide 05
Determine if the following sets
have elements or none.
1. 𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛 6. ∅
2. 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑎 7. ∅
3. 5000 8. =, ~, ≅, ≠, ≈
4. 0 9. 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦
5. { } 10. 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑡
Slide 06
Determine if the following sets
have elements or none.
11. 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 1 𝑜𝑟 ∅

12. 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠


𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 19 𝑎𝑛𝑑 20 𝑜𝑟 ∅
13. 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 9
9 ⇒ 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑡
Slide 07
Determine if the following sets
have elements or none.
𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑢𝑝!
14. 𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑥 = 0} 𝑜𝑟 ∅

15. 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 32 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠}


16. 𝑦 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 18}
2, 3
!
17. 𝑥 𝑥 = 4, 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑}
𝑜𝑟 ∅
⇒ 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 Slide 08
Let’s check your understanding!
Example:

𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑤. in words

𝐵 = 𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜, 𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑡 in roster form

𝐵 = 𝑥 | 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑤 in set-builder notation

𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐵? 𝑛 𝐵 =7


𝐼𝑠 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 ∈ 𝐵 ? no

𝐼𝑠 𝐵 𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡? yes

𝑁𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐵.


Slide 09
Exercises: True or False
1. 5 ∈ 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 49. 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒

2. ℎ ∈ 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑡. 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒

3. 12 ∉ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 6 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒

4. 𝐼𝑓 𝐹 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 10, 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒


𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐹 = 1, 2, 5, 10 .
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝑊 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ∈ 𝑊. 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒

Slide 10
Exercises: True or False
6. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑡. 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒

7. 𝐼𝑓 𝑃 = 𝑥 𝑥 > 4 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑃 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒. 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒

8. 𝑥 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 2 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒


𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑡.
9. 𝐴 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑡. 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒

10. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒


𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 “𝐵𝑈𝑇𝑇𝐸𝑅” ℎ𝑎𝑠 6 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠.
Slide 11

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