Virginia Evanssy Contents Part A Guidelines for Writ Part B Letter Writing... LETTERS Informal Letters Formal Letters Semi-formal Letters Transactional Letter ARTICLES - STORIES - NEWS REPORTS - REVIEWS ~ Descriptions Describing People .. Describing Places/Buildings. Describing Objects... Describing Festivals/Events/Celebration Narratives & New Reports Fitst-person Narratives 11_Thitd-petson Narratives Ta News Reports ~ Reviews TD REVIEWS nner + DISCURSIVE WRITING ~ Discursive essays 13. “For and Against” Essays 14a Opinion Essays 14 Providing Solutions to Problems ... de Letters to the Editor .... > Reports 15. Assessment & Proposal Reports + REVISION AND EXTENSION SECTION APPENDIX | Linking Words ...... sosaaeseinncs M5 APPENDIX It Opening & Closing Remarks for Letters/Useful Vocabulary an 1G APPENDIX II Rules for Punctuation 102‘TYPES OF LETTERS ‘There are various types of letters, such as: © letters of application © letters of complaint —* letters to the editor etc, ‘The type of letter you should write depends on the reason for writing (Le. to give ‘your news, to invite somebody toa party, etc to make a complaint, to apply fora job, ‘tc), Depending on the rubric, you may be asked to write a letter for more than one reason (Le. to give your news and ask for advice.) The most common reasons for wring a letter are "© giving/asking about news *® congratulating someone ivinglasking for advice * inviting someone © gWving/asking for information © accépting/réfusing an invitation ‘© “apologising for something © making suggestions etc E © thanking someone 3 1 Read the extracts (A-F) and decide what type of letter each is from (1-6). 2 th an Which key words helped you decide? Underline them. ie pareeee ee the letter below are in Treally hope you can come | (D] I received your leaflet in the post. 1 am very jumbled order. Put to my party. Im sure welll interested in the course and would be grateful if them into the correct have a wonderful time. you could give me some more information. order, then identify ees —— a the type of letter, (B] Ym writing to axk you what you | [EL have eneosed my CY. 1 would think T should do about Robert. 'd eo et teentes | (ALC Unfortunately 1 wont really like your advice as he’s been ... ee ne be able to come as T'll be at Cac ee eee ee eS) wearing from you. ae ee ———— | a seminar in Berlin that [E) 1'm having a fantastic time on holiday. I went | [F] I am writing t0 complain | week. It's a pity Fl miss | sailing yesterday and I'm going to take part ina | | aboutthe dishwasherwhich | your big day, but I promise diving compottion this afternoon. [can't wait! _| | I purchased from your | to make it up t you u J | company fast Monday, iss mo fapplicatio a ce o_o om letter of application @ “Jletter asking for inform: [EL Anynay, thanks again [2] letter giving news 3] Jletter of complaint "Wilkes acd = => for . [3] etter of invitation 6] _ letter asking for advice wish you both al the | best for the future. LAYOUT OF LETTERS Love, / All letters should include the following: Margaret | a) an appropriate greeting (e.g. Dear Sir!Maciam, Dear Aunt Claire, Dear Mrs Baker, etc); b) an introduction, in which you write your opening remarks (2.9. Hi! How are you?) and reason(s) for writing (e.g. ’m just writing to congratulate you on passing your exams, [C]_] Dear Rachel, | ‘Im iting to apologise for. , We were thrilled to heer that. , was sorry to hear... etc); | ©) amain body, in which you write about the specific topics ofthe letter in detail Tineriiog i ark a 4) aconclusion, in which you write your closing remarks (e.g. Please forgive me — it very much for the invitation ‘won't happen again, | promise; Looking forward to seeing you ...!, Please write soon, to your wedding. I'm really | Take carel, Cant wait o hear from you, Id better signoff now, Tat’ all for now); and happy the two of you are | ) an appropriate ending (e.a. Yours faithfully + your fullname, Lots of love + your fist finally tying the knot. ame). eee il}Unit 1 Part B Letter Writing a) ») WRITING STYLE IN LETTERS: The writing style you should use (.e. informal, formal or semi-formal), depends on who you are writing to. More specifically: when you are writing to someone you know well (Le. a close relative, your bestfriend, etc.) you should use informal style. when you are writing to someone you do not know, or to someone who is in authorty (ie. the manager of a hotel, a doctor, etc) you should use formal style. when you are writing to someone you do not know very wall, or someone you want to be polite and respectful to (i. a friend's parents, your teacher, eto) you should use semi-ormal style. {See Appendix Il for examples of each style.) (CHARACTERISTICS OF: INFORMAL LETTERS address & date i.e. your address in the top, right-hand comer, followed by the date. greeting (e.9. Dear John, Dear Mum, etc.) informal language (@.g.."ve been meaning fo write to you for ages; Don't worry; By the way; twas a piece of cake; Il pick you up; We can give ita try, ete) ending (0.9. Yours/Love/Best wishes!Regards/ete + your first name) FORMAL LETTERS: address & date i.e. your address as well as the recipient's address. Your address in the top, right-hand corner, followed by the date, The recipients position, the name and address of the company, organisation, etc on the left- hand side. ‘greeting (e.g. Dear Mrs Davis — when you know the person's name — ‘Dear SirlMadam — when you do not know the person's name) formal language (e.9. /am writing with regard to your advertisement; | would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience; The product which was delivered, proved to be faulty; etc) ending (e.g. Yours sincerely faithfully + your full name) Note: when you begin with Dear MriMrs/Ms Marcus, you should end with Yours sincerely + your full name. When you begin with ‘Dear Sir/Madam, you should end with Yours faithfully + your full name. ©) SEMI-FORMAL LETTERS © address & date ie. your address in the top right- hand corner, followed by the date © greeting i.e, Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms+person’s sumame (e.g. Dear Mis Marcus) © semi-formal language © ending (e.g. Regards/Best wishes/ete + ‘your first name or full name) 3 Mark the phrases as F (for Formal) or I (for Informal). I would also appreciate some information about. 2. Well, I must go now ... 3 Please accept my sincere apologies = 4 You are cordially invited toattend 5 Lam writing in response to your advertisement. 6 Thanks for the invitation to your dinner party 7 Lam writing to express my strong dissatisfaction with . 8 [look forward to meeting you in person 9 Just a quick note to tell you.. 10 Tam writing to bring to your attention the ... 11 Please do not hesitate to contact me 12 I'm so sorry to hear you're having problems with .. 13 Write back soon ... 14 We regret to inform you that... 15 Twon't take no for an answer . llUnit 1 Port B Letter Writing 4 Read the situation below and answer the questions that follow. 6) played a big part / tant This is your last year at school and you are unsure of what course to take at See : , 7) making sure / ensuring university. You have decided to write a letter t0 suo. asking for advice. : ; 8) occasion / whole thing : 9) went so well / was such a success , en 8) What foe should you us fyon are writing to: A fiend? BYOUr 46) Lat vox how much appreciate former teacher? C a careers advisor? thank you enough for b) First match the beginnings and endings and then say which of the people in part a) each letter is addressed to. (=Jaep iy |p hay [eRe 1. Dear Karen, Hil How are you? I'm writing because I've no idea which course to take at university next year. | really need your advice! 9 2 Dear MrsAmo hope this letter finds you well Tam wring to a8k you for some-advice about - which course to take at university next year. 3. Dear Sir/Madam, {1am writing to enquire whether you can advise me on which course to apok for next year at university. A ieee taking the time to read this ter. Hook foward to hearing from you. shes, ‘Amy Miton T raould be exermely grateful’ you could advise me on what todo, Thank you in advance for your kind cooperation. Yours taithtly, Mito fay ton Wa you think | should do? Please write back soon and tell me, Amy. ~~ Ba) Read the pairs of expressions (1-10) andthe letters which follow, — then choose the most suitable expression to complete each gap. 1) Hi — justa quick note /1 am writing 2) thank you very much / say thanks a lot 3)_all your help / your kind assistance ) Which letters informal, and 4) getting ready / preparations which letter is semi-formal? 5) Your contribution / What you did ‘What type of letter are they? 18Unit 1 Part B Letter Writing 6 Match the beginnings to the endings, then identify what type of letter 7 Read the rubrics below and each pair is from, Finally, say whether each pair has been written in answer the questions. formal or informal style, I A Youhaveseenan — * ¢ advertisement in the local POCRTNNIN newspaper for a teaching job. (Jeep dy yy ee Wie a letter tothe headmaster of the school, +m writing to tell you my wonderful news - Appiyina forthe job. i BY Mou peel feeaeeeT ETT B ff A friend you haven't seen for” preciate it if you could provide me with some months is getting married in é information regarding the summer and has invited | you to the wedding. Writea °*""? letter accepting the invitation. “ 3 Thanks a lot for your invitation. We'd love to come apeeee eo © You have just returned from a altar trip to South America. Write ay can't tll you how sony | am that I ruined letter toa fiend telling himvher all about it. rrible treatment | received fo 5 1am writing to draw your attention to the ter D & You are the secretary of a from language school and have received a letter from someone 5 | am writing to apply forthe post of music teacher as advertised in Anterested in Jeamning French, Write a letter in reply, informing the person about the courses offered at your schoo! E You recently bought a box of Heer your favourite breakfast cereal. eda lees On opening it, you found that ibe aren bgt omer aeal os remaining contents were no’ longer fresh. Write a letter to the manager of the cereal company ‘A Once again, I'd like to say how very sorry | am about B enclose my CV and would be glad to attend an interview at your complanng about. convenience exes F J Your cousin has recently won a x first prize in a short story Well that's all for now. Write back and tell me what you've been up to eotngenton WU nag congratulating them on their success, D Let me know if you want us to bring anything tothe party, See you on the big day! 1) What type of letter should you write TKGeon for each rubric? ‘ard to receiving the informatic e: a Covad reply assay as Nasebe mation and would be grateful if you 2) Who is going to read your letter’ 3) What style should you use in each letter? ur F | insist on a witten apology. | trust this matter will receNe yt 4) How would you begin and end each immediate attention. letter? 5) Can you suggest appropriate opening and closing remarks for each letter? 19WNIT 2 informal Letters ©) 1_ Read questions 1 to 3, then listen to the cassette and choose the correct answers. Finally, use your answers to talk about Monique's letter. Introduction 1 Who is Monique writing to? 2. What is her main reason for writing? Paragraph 1 / 20 Aa complete stranger B someone she knows well A to tell Jackie some good news B to apologise for not writing sooner 3. Which of these statements are true? Tick (7). In her letter to Jackie, Monique ... A. mentions her future plans B imites D complains about Jackie’s last letter oO ie to visit her E. asks Jackie to reply soon F sends her regards to Jackie's parents [_] © promises to write soon Informal letters are sent to people you know well (e.g fiends, relatives, etc) about your recent news, personal problems, information you need, etc. They are written in an informal style with a chatty, personal tone * An informal leter should consist of: 4) an informal greeting (Dear Ken/Aunt Joanletc); b) an introduction in which you write your opening remarks (Le. asking about your friend's health, etc) and mention your reason for writing e.g. Hil How are you? I thought 'd write and let you know that. ; ©) a main body in which you write the main subjects) ofthe letter in detail, starting ‘anew paragraph for each topic; 4) a conclusion in which you write your closing remarks e.g, That's all my news for now. Write back soon .. €) an informal ending (e.g. Lots of love|Best wishes/ete + your first name) 2 Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer the questions. your old neighbourhood. Write a letter describing life in your new city and your | You recently moved to a big city and have decided to write to a friend from feelings about the change. heavy traffic (negative) constant noise from cars ugly grey buildings plenty of sports facilities ‘wide choice of things to do huge crowds Who is going to read your letter? Where is this person now? Where are you now? Why are you writing the letter? ‘What topies should your letter include? How will you begin and end the letter? 7 Which of the follo aspects of life in a negative? © lots of cafés, cinemas, etc (positive) ing. are positive city? Which are good public transport system large modern shops eer 8 Make sentences using the prompts above and the phrases in the boxes on the right, as in the example ‘opening remarks/reasonis) for writing Main Body Paragraphs 2 - 3 - 4° development of the subjectis} Final Paragraph closing remarks * The number of main body paragraphs may vary, depending on the rubric. Likes [ike living here because . What I like most is that there isare . The best thing is that there is/are .. Dislikes Thate/can't stand .. T can’t get used to .. Unfortunately, there igare .. What 1 like most is tha there are lots of cafés and cinemas. Tcan‘t stand the constani noise from the cars. eg,Unit 2 Informal Letters 9 What can you do in a big city? What can’t you do? Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the examples. You can use your own ideas. — make lots of new friends — do lots of different things — walk home safely at night — go for a walk in the fields — go shopping in huge shopping centres get around easily You can't go for a walk in the fields. You can go shopping in huge shopping centres. 10 Match the feelings tothe reasons, then make sentences as in the example 4° disgusted 5 excited I miss my friends and my old neighbourhood there's rubbish everywhere ¥ homesick a the city never sleeps 2 pleased ; there's more crime in the city 3 unsafe | P°U© | & there are always new things to do A ils e eg. Id I feel homesick because I miss my friends and my old neighbourhood. 3 a) Read the letter and underline the correct tenses in bold. Then, label the paragraphs with the headings below. © opening remarksireason(s) for writing © writer’ feelings about the change © closing remarks © life in the new city Dear Sharon, Para1 | How are you? Sorry 1)'m takingit've taken so long to open remarks write, but I've been busy settling in. Anyway, | thought reason(s 2)1d drop/’ve dropped you a line to let you know how 1M getting on here. Birmingham is a really exciting. city with millions of things to do, There's so much to choose from, | sometimes find it hard to make up my mind where to go! Although | sill 3) didn’t get haven't got used to the traffic, the noise and the huge crowds, I think it’s a great city ike living here now, but I sometimes feel homesick as I miss lots of things about Gowrie. 4) Ml never/t don't forget the beautiful countryside and the old stone cottages. Living inthe city means | can‘ go for long walks by the sea, either. Most of al, | miss my frends — especially you, of course! We always 5) hadiwere having such a great time together, 6 haven't didn't wer? ‘Well that's all my news for now. Please write back and let me know what 7) you were/you've been up to since | ‘Sy heatd/have heard from you last. Say “hi” to Tom and Joanna, too. {promise I'l come back and visit all of you as, soon as I can. Lois of ove, Angela biroducton Main Body Para 3 Para 4 Cconcusion in the main body paragraphs, then suggest other appro- priate ones. 4 Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the example, ‘streets are crowded — I soon got used to it (even though) «lots of things to do —, heavy trafic makes it difficult to’ get around (however) ‘4 plenty of sports centres — expensive to join (although) ae e.g. Even though the streets are crowded, 1 soon got used t it e “hot many shops — you can find almost everything you need (but) few buses and trains — always arrive on time (nevertheless) no restaurants — a few inns that serve delicious homemade food (although) eg. There aren't many shops, but you can find almost everything you need. 12 Unit 2 Informal Letters © Opening remarks in informal letters may include: ‘) questionsswvishes about recent events, the person's health, ete b) a thank you to the person for their last letter, comments about their news ‘) an apology for a delay in writing/replying 4) the reason why you are writing ‘© Closing remarks in informal letters may include: @) the reason why you must end the letter 4) greetings to the person's familyfriends 4) wishes, a promise (e.g. to write again soon), an invitation, ete h) a request to the person to reply soon 5 Match sentences 1-8 to points a-h in the box above. 1 [a] Hello — how are you? I hope you're feeling better. 2 [5] Lwas sorry to hear that you aren’t going to .. 3. |_| P'llwrite as soon as I can and let you know about "] Please write soon and tell me all your news. "| Well, that’s all my news. I'd better end now, because... The reason I'm writing is to ask you if. Give my best wishes to your parents. INFORMAL STYLE When writing friendly letters, you normally use informal style. Informal writing is characterised by the use of: '* everyday vocabulary (e.g. ! had a great time) ‘© colloquial expressions/idioms (e.g. drop me a line) ‘© phrasal verbs (e.g. get on, settle in) ‘© short forms (e.g. can', don't I'm, I) 6 Which of the following sentences are written in informal style? Tm writing to see how you're getting on in your new flat. Informal | look forward to receiving a prompt reply. Give your sister a big hug from me ‘What are you up to this summer? We're having a fantastic time here at the camp. Would it be possible for you to attend the club's annual meeting next month? ‘You'd never believe how well Tve been getting on at school 7 Some phrases in the following extracts are written in the wrong style. Read them and correct the mistakes using the words/phrases in the lists. cages, drop you a line, let you know, realy, sony Dear 0b, How are you’ 1) apologise for the fact that | haven't written for 2)a considerable time, but I've been 3) extremely busy. Anywoy, | thought Vid 4) communicate with you briefly to 5) inform you that F've just passed | my driving test! te ea can't wait to hear, lots of love, thats all ‘for now, write soon, you ve been up to Wel, 6)1 have no further news at present. Please 7)reply promptly — | 8)am anxious to learn what 9) your recent activities have been. Take care. 10) Yours sincerely, Karen 8 Suggest opening and closing remarks for the letters below, as in the example, 1 congratulate a friend on passing his/her exams 2. invite a friend to your birthday party 3 apologise to your friend because you couldn't go to his/her birthday party 4 ask your friend for advice on how to Jose weight eg. 1 Opening remarks: Hi, how's everything going? I've just heard that you passed all your exams. Congratulations! j Closing remarks: } Well, I'd better go and do some § work! Once again, well done! | Write soon.Unit 2 Informal Letiers 9 Correct the mistakes, as in the 10 Read the rubrics below. How many main body paragraphs would example, each letter have? What would each paragraph be about? Congratulations Yee passing your | ravine tea] een A You are about to visit a friend in another country and you are not Wits and tell me bow Ttelike in what clothes to take with you or how to get to their house. Paris, : T still can't get used to wake up so. °8 ire rem bee Bena ick wip early in the morning, = shoes T thought I'd write and ask you to a aah Feat ee give me an AdViCE, wets Thope that everything will tu up | B» You have recently move all right, . Sorry I haven't written from ages, but Pve been BUSY. nnn Write me a fine and tell me all your news. os I'm writing to apologise about not coming to your wedding, T look forward to hear from you (0 a new house. Write a letter to your friend describing your new house and inviting him/her to spend a weekend with you | € Your uncle has invited you to attend his wedding in a month’s time, | Write a letter thanking him for the invitation and asking him what you should buy as a wedding present. | D_ You've got two tickets for a week's cruise in the Mediterranean. Write a tert; ir ing him ving details of which is F letter to your friend, inviting him/her to join you, giving details of a aaa | places you are going to visit and suggestions as to what heishe will need exciting? ... 7 to take with him/her. |_| E Your cousin is moving to your city. Hehe wants to attend the same ‘MAIN BODY PARAGRAPHS school as you, Write a letter to him/her, describing your school, teachers and timetable, and mentioning extra a ities the school offers. In informal letters you usually talk ‘about more than one topic. The rubric gives you information about the subject of the letter and Useful expressions for making suggestions often tells you specific topics which you must write about. — eg. You * J think Iyoulwe should... + How do you feel about +... ing. have just passed an important test or + Perhaps Hyoulwe could. How about +. ing ..? amination. Write a letter *teling @ = ‘What do you think about + © Why don't Iyoulwe...? en. fend about your success and wing ..? © Would you like melus to ‘describing your plans for the future. © What about +... ing ..? © Would you like to ...2 These topics will be discussed in the main body of your letter. You should begin a new paragraph foreach topic. Para 1: Opening remarks Para 2: Tell friend about success | 11. Use the prompts below and expressions from the table above to make suggestions. Para 3: Describe plans for fture 1 come / dinner / my house / next Monday Para 4 Closing remarks 2. spend / weekend / in / mountains 3. go shopping in / city centre 4 visit /art gallery / while /be /in London BUnit 2 Informal Letters 12 Look at the town map and, with a partner, suggest where and when you could meet and what you could do there. €.g..4! What about meeting at the Fairview Museum at noon? B: That's a good idea. We could admire the local art. CIN ce Loy ° FAIRVIEW ODEON + ai ‘Shopping Centre CINEMA skiing equipment from a sports shop B_ Tam writing to express my 2 I insist that the product be and paid by credit card. Although lisgust at the facilities and replaced or else Iwill be forced youasked forit tobe sent by courier, _& service offered by your travel to take further action. you have received nothing. You agency. 4 Unless I receive the equipment urgently need this equipment, sitio ih a complain about the |“ ~ by the end of this week, I will Logi tis advertisement on | have no choice but to cancel my I You recently bought an air "TV promoting your product. order. conditioner which had been 7 advertised on television. On receiving it, you discovered that it 14 Read the situation below and say: was nothing like the product shown a) who you would address the letter of complaint to; in the advertisement. b) what complaints you would include in the letter; and ©) what opening and closing remarks you would write, TH You have just come back from a package holiday where you were very disappointed by the lack of facilities { You live neara secondary school. Lately you have been disturbed by and poor services. | noisy children who gather outside your house, playing loud music and throwing litter into your garden, 1. Which of the following complaints would you include in each letter? Write full sentences, 15 Join the following complaints to their examples/reasons, using A have already paid — equipment linking words/phrases from the list below, as in the example. sill not delivered — urgently” even though, however, inspite of the fact, nevertheless, although, but need it Letter | “ameutiitch 1. The new game took fifteen minutes to load onto my computer, The salesman said it would load instantly. The new game took fifieen minutes to load onto my computer, even though B Saw aa “evetisement — no the salesman said it would load instantly. swimming pool — rooms 2 I paid fora set of five compact cies, There were only three compact dss extremely small — no. maid in the box. ae serve, i ee ~| ont uaruy 3. The advertisement said the tent was waterproof. Rain continually spe into the tent, fs € model not one advertised — huge — ugly — old-fashioned model tery The bieyele was brind new. The chain came off my bicycle the frst time rode it, pate ye battery went fat after only two hours. The instru 2 Match the opening and closing for sixteen hours. remarks, then say which letter of complaint you would use them for.ap emapueatl y uporion UME Te co Unil 3 Formal Letters 16 Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer the questions. You recently went for a meal at Benny's fast food restaurant, which is part of an international chain. Unfortunately, the service was very slow and the food was badly cooked, so you complained to the _ supervisor. However, he was very rude to you and insisted on your paying for the meal. You have decided to write a letter of complaint to the company's head office. Write your letter, explaining the reasons for your complaint and saying what you expect the company todo. ‘What is yout reason for writing? ad Do you know the person you are writing to? B2o~ S447/steutor Would you use mild or strong language? Why? — How would you b the letter? How many main body paragraphs \ueijiee Should you write? What should “the topic of each one be? 6 Read the advertisement and the complaints in the speech bubbles suitable linking words/phrases to explain the reasons why you are and end complaining, | had to wait 15 minutes to give my) order. It took a further 20 minutes for the food to be served 7 The chips were HEE et an {frozen in the middle ‘and the tomatoes were rotte prion | complained to the supervisor, who insisted on my paying for the meal. When | refused, ~ he rudely told me to leave eg. 1 Despite the restaurant’ claim of fast service, I had to wait boul 7 What would you expect the company to do? (eg. refund, distniss the supervisor, improve service, check on quality of food, ete) In which paragraph would you write your demands? Then, use the complaints and’ 17 These paragraphs are written in the wrong style. Correct them by using the words in the lis. Then, say which is an opening remark and which isa closing remark. 7 15 A. as you can imagine a ful refund © awniten apology am exremely upset feel Lam ented 1 look forward to receiving your ‘prompt reply Waeawige s d Frm sure you can, guess m really cross. 3) think | should get 5 all my money back, in addition to ) a great big “sorry” from the local Pranager 6) Write soon 6 Biro = 1am writing to express - Iwgs served my anger -my aes ‘dissatisfaction - the \ny behaviour of the supervisor YUVyuUVUYVY 1) Hi — | want to tell you 2) how shocked and disgusted | was with the meal 3)1 had last night at the local branch of Benny's, and 4) how really furious | was at 5) what the supervisor did when | 6) said the food was horrible, ul 18 Read the rubric in Ex. 16 again, Write your letter (120-180 |. words), using your answers from Exs. 16 and 17 to help you, ‘vy ‘You can use the letter in Ex. 11 VV asa model. aberdUNIT 4 setmites 21 1 Read the questions, then listen to the cassette and choose the correct answers. 1 Who is Jackie writing to? 3. Which ofthe following does Jackie's A. acouple of complete strangers mother say she should include? Tick (/). B people she doesn't know very well 4. Thanks a lot for oO C close friends of hers B Yam extumely tet ao 2 What style of writing does Jackie's c Thank you very much el A. frienally and informal D_ Yours faithfully, J MEbdon — ["] B formal and official E Best wishes, Jackie Ebdon ["] C polite and respectful F Lots of love, Jackie oO mother say she should use? fox: letters are sent to people you do not know very well or when you want to 4 bbe more polite and respectul (e.g. a pen friend's parents, a person you do not know very well a schoolteacher, etc). For this reason, they are writen in a more polite tone than informal letters. Some formal language can be used. Compare the following: INFORMAL Thanks a lot forthe invitation. I'd love to come to your party. FORMAL | would be delighted to attend your hithday celebration SEML-FORMAL Thank you for your kind invitation. | would love to join you on your birthday. ‘© A semi-formal letter should consist of a) a formal greeting e.g. Dear Mr and Mrs Baker, b) an introduction in which you write your opening remarks and clearly state the reason(s) for writing, e.g. Thank you very much indeed for your kind offer ‘©) main body in which you write the main subject() of the letter in deta, starting ‘anew paragraph for each topic; 4) conclusion in which you write your closing remarks, e.g. !am looking forward to seeing you next month @) a semi-formal ending (Regards/Best wishes, etc & your full name). 2 Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer questions 1 to 7. ‘You are going to attend lessons at a language school in Britain. The schoo! has arranged for you to stay with a local couple called Mr and Mrs Jackson. The Jacksons have written a letter to ask for some information. Read the extracts from their letter, then write a letter in reply, giving them the information they have asked for and including any questions or requests of your own. If you could send us details of your travel plans, we would be happy to meet you on arrival. We could easily come up to London Do you have any special requirements or requests regarding food? For instance, perhaps there are certain things you are nat allowed to eat, or something which If there is any information you need or anything you would like us to do for you, please don’t hesitate to ask. Naturally, we want Introduction Paragraph 1 opening remarks/reasonls} for writing Main Body Paragraphs 2 - 3 - 4* development of subjects) Conclusion Final Paragraph closing remark's) * The number of main body| paragraphs may vary. depending on the rubric 1 Who is going o read your letter? 2. Why are you writing the letter? 3 How many main body paragraphs should you include in your letter? 4 Which of the following should you mention boul your travel plans? Tick a) date and time of arrival gd b) flight number — ©) number of suitcases) d) how you will travel from the airport €) cost of flight5. What could you tell them about food? Complete the following sentences: 6 What questions could you ask? Think about clothes, the weather, the {owniroom where you will be staying. Then, complete the follow a) As far as food is concerned, b) The only thing(s) I don’t eat is/are ©) My favourite food is... ce 4) Tam looking forward to tying. a) Twas wondering if b) Perhaps you could tell me ©) Lwould like to know ... a) What is ) Do you think I need to bring 7 What opening and closing remarks could you write? 3 Read the letter and underline the words/phrases in bold which are and respectful. Then, label the paragraphs with the ® closing remarks travel plans ® opening remarkslreason(s) for writing ® food requirements © further questions Dear Mr and Mrs Jackson, (1) Thanks a million/Thank you very much for ‘your letter. (2) 1 am writing/! thought I’d drop you a Tine to give you the information you asked for. Firstly, (3) I'd better/I need to tell you about my travel arrangements. | am artving at Gatwick Aiport on th July. My flight number is BA 451 an lands at four thirty in the afternoon. (4) Itis very kind/It’s really great of you to offer to pick me up from London, but | have already arranged to take the train to Perhaps you could meet me at the station. phone you when | arrive. Cardiff. | could (5) As far as food is concerned/Now, about food, please don’t go to any trouble. The only thing eat is mushrooms. (6) Anyway/Besides, | am forward to trying British food. I don't looking Finally, there are one or two things | would like to ask you. What is the weather like in Wales in August? How cold is it? Do you think | need to bring warm clothes? Also, (7) 1 was wondering if you had/do you have a computer that | could use while | am with you, or should I bring my laptop? Thank you once again for your letter. | am forward to meeting you in July. (8) Best wishes / Love and kisses, Julia Bitoni Julia Buitor staying looking Para 1 Para 2 Para 3 Para 4 Para 5 Unit 4 Semi-formal Letters ‘emi-formal style is characterised by: © the use of less colloquial language 8.9, Thank you very much for your letter, (instead of: Thanks @ milion for your letter) less frequent use of short forms, phrasal verbs or idioms e.g. | am wnting to request information about... (instead of: | thought I'd drop you a line to ask about...) © apolte, respectful tone e.g. ! was wondering if you had .. (instead of: Do you have ..) 4 ‘Thebeginning and ending below are written in the wrong style, Read the extracts and replace the informal words/phrases it old with more suitable semi- formal ones from each list. apologise for, received, Thank you for the invitation, Twill be unable to vist Mrs Ames, reply Dear (1) Alison, (2) Thanks for asking me to your school’s annual festival. 1 (3) got your letter a few weeks ago and (4) 'm really sorry about taking so long to (5) write back to you, Unfortunately, (6) | can’t ‘come to Hallsford on that date. Best wishes, telephone me, any help, 4 great success, the preparations don't hesitate Please (7) feel free to (8) give me a ring if you need (9) ahand with (10) getting things ready for the special day. I'm sure that the festival will be (11) bri (12) All my love, Karen Smith %Unit 4 Semi-formal Letters 5 Read the semi-formal sentences below and match them to the informal ones in the box that follows, as in the example. twas very good of you to let me stay at your house. b) Read the beginnings and ‘endings of the three letters (A-C) below and match them to the people (1-3) in part a). Could you tell me where I can get my watch repaired? look forward to seeing you at the barbecue. Al hope you find this information about bird-watching useful. Please accept my apology. Tam sorry that I will be unable to attend. A B c D E F an See you at the C Tlook forward to | barbecue! seeing you atthe f barbecue an I’sapity that I can't a "come. Dear Bill, wil Just @ quick note to let you : know what I've planned about my trip Thanks again for letting a me stay at your house. " acs |. see you in a month or $0: Until then, take care. Please say you'll forgive "ail the best, ae ne beitache kr - i . or Per Mr Richa, Do you know where I can | thought | should write and: it get my watch repaired? pete ‘travel plans ... Hope this was what you pois fener te jon wanted to know about bend ; bird-watching. 4 6 a) You are going to London next month and must write a letter explaining your plans, so the people you are writing to can arrange to meet you. What sort of letter (informal, semi-formal \ or formal) would you write to each of these people? \ 1A businessman you have never met: \ Myc) Richards 2. A friend you have known for several years: | 4 Tansa Ba 3. A family friend who your father wants you to visit: | London NW3 IFUnit 4. Semi-formal Letters 7 a) Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer the questions, You have just returned from Britain, where you attended lessons at a language school. The school had arranged for you to stay with a local couple you had not met before your visit. Write a letter to this couple, thanking them for their kindness to you during your stay. 1 Who is going to read your letter? How well do you know these people? 2. What style should you use? Give examples. 3 Why are you writing the letter? 4 How would you begin and end the letter? Choose. A |Dear sirfmadam, | bear nr and rs Jackson, | Yours faithfully, Best wishes, {full name) (full_name) B | Dear 8en and Andrea, — | dear friends Ben and Andrea, Lots of love, ‘Yours, (first name) (full name) b) Read the prompts and expand them into full sentences. Then, match them to the topic sentences of the main body paragraphs that follow, [Para 2| A my room /be / very comfortable, / every meal /be / delicious an B_ what /help / me most /be / / practise English / yo be part / of / family D 1/never/ think /1/be able / speak / English / so well ‘Topic Sentences Para 2 — [really appreciate all your efforts that made my stay in your home a happy one. Para 3 — My trip to Britain has certainly improved my English, 100. = a ©) Choose the most suitable phrase to complete the paragraph below, Which paragraph of the letter is this? 1 am writing to tell you that I have arrived home safely, and to. | (1) A. for (2)... during my stay with you, Q) . | 1 paar ar® 7 aera thank you both very much say thanks a lot express my gratitude to you all the stuff you did being so kind to me the kindness you displayed My but Itwas a wonderful experience which I really had a great time, so sit was enjoyable at times, am sure I will always remember. won't forget in a hurry! shall always have unpleasant memories of the experience, 4) Which of the phrases! sentences below would be suitable as closing remarks? Tick (/). ‘Thank you again forall your kindness. Well, that’s all my news. My parents send their regards and ask me to tell you that Mum and Dad say “Hi”. By the way, why don’t you come and stay with us here? w» you will always be weleome guestsif you would like to visit country. I would love to hear from you whenever you have time to write Drop me a line sometime, won't you? Read the rubric in Ex. 7 again, Write your letter (120-180 words), using your answers from Ex. 7 to help you, You can use the letter in Ex. 3 as a model. 31UNIT 5 Transactional Letters B1 Look at the advertisement on the right, and the notes below. Listen to the cassette and tick the points in the notes (A-K) which have been included in the letter. [A] | advert in Wessex Times, April CHARGES, BOOKINGS, ete [B[_] not much information in advert | [G[_]total cost - how much? ACTIVITIES charge per day, or per activity? C]_] bikes - hire, or bring my own? jaccommodation available? DI] canoeing - qualified instructor? ‘] hiking - where? - with a guide? any other activities offered? ez) necessary to book? REPLY K[_] write, or phone me - 0181-313-9480 ransactionalJeters are letters which respond to written information. This information may be in the form of advertisements, letters, invitations, notes, etc, as wel as visual prompts such as maps, drawings, ete © Transactional letters can be of any type e.g. letters of complaint, eters of apology, letters applying for a job, letters giving/asking for information, et, ‘© The style of wring can be formal, semi-formal or informal, depending on who you are wating to © ‘Itis important to include all the factual information given inthe rubric. You must give this information in full sentences, using your own words as much as possible e.g, early registration needed? a) [s early registration necessary? _c) Do need to register early? 0) Is it necessary to register early? 'b) Would you recommend that | register early? © You may need to summarise some information, or explain the results/importance ‘of a0me facta, but you should not change the facto you are given. 2 Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer questions 1-7. You and two of your friends have decided to rent the cottage in the following advertisement. Read the advertisement and the notes you made after speaking to the owner. Then write a letter to a third friend, asking himvher to join you and giving himyher the information about the cottage and what you can do there. Mea eaananaaan | Bedrooms- big, 2 beds in each Cottage in Dorset | ts hig = Sports centre 3 km In beautiful county. away, horse-riding nearby 4 side. Two double bed- | Places to - market, rooms, lage garden. | visit yale een Plenty of activites, & places of interest in | PM6® > £200 per week (Le, £50 each) area. Some dates still | Tansport- use of 4 bikes available. Dates - 15th- 21st A gust Tel (362-211-4047 | avalable ( for information 8B 1 ynwood Gatdoos Centre mountain biking hiking For more information Lynwood Outdoor Centre, Lynwood House, Applegate ag, 1. Who re you writing 2 Are you going to use colloquial language? idioms? short forms? If yes, why? 3. Why are you writin t letter? 4, How would you begi cend your letter? etter? Choos Al Dear Ms Fields, 2% |» Yours faithful, |. + your full name | Dear + your friend's By name —~ “2 | Love, | + your first name =©) Which of the points below must you include in your letter? Tick (V7) (1 A information about sleeping [1 B cooking facilities LO € activitiesisports in the area (1 D description of the town (1 E details of the sights/tourist attractions in the area 1 F the best way to get there C1 how much the holiday will cost (1 Wt an invitation for your friend to join you (1.1 the telephone number of the owner (1.5 the dates you intend to go there 6 Complete the sentences, as in the example eg 1 There are only two bedrooms so well A. put two beds in each ® have to share 2 Ifyou join us, it’s £50 each, which isa A bargain B fortune 3 There are four bikes atthe conage which means that we can A visit the sports centre B get around easily 4 Wecan rent the cottage from 15th fo 2st August. So there’s no need to wony about A. the weather B the tourists 7. What opening and closing remarks would you write? Uni! 5 Transactional Letters 3 a) Read the letter and complete the paragraph plan using the headings below, Has Sue's letter covered all the points in the rubric, advertisement and notes? Underline the words/phrases which refer to these points, © persuade friend to join you @ information about cottage © what the area offers Dear Helen, Hil How are you? I'm sorry | haven't written for ages, but Ive been really busy. Anyway, 'm writing now to let you know that Claire, Jan and | have decided to rent a cottage in Dorset from ‘15th to 21st August and we'd love it if you could join us. | asked the owner all about the cottage and it sounds great. The cottage has only got two bedrooms, so we'll have to share, bout the rooms are big with two beds in each. There's also a large garden. It's only £200 a week — that's £50 each, if you join us. in other words, it's @ real bargain! There are lots of things to do in the area. We can go horse- riding, and there’s a sports centre not far away. There is also @ market, a local museum and a.wildlife park. The owner says there are four bikes at the cottage which we can use, too, which ‘means we can get around easily | really hope you decide to join us. it would be such fun to 0 on holiday together, and the weather will probably be good at that time of the year, so t'm sure well all have a great time, Wel, that’s all for now. Please write and let me knew as soon as you've decided what you're going to do. Take care. Introduction Main Body Lots of love, sue Para 1: — Opening remarks/reason(s) for wrting 7) Para 2: Para 3: Para 4. Final Para: Closing remarks b) Replace the topic sentenc other appropriate ones, in the main body paragraphs with 39Uni 5 Tronsactional Letters REQUESTING INFORMATION To request information you can use direct or indirect questions. Direct questions are quite common in informal letters and often begin with a question word such as what, who, when, how, etc 9, What time will te party finish? How far is the hotel from the beach? © Most indirect questions are formed with modals such as could, would, etc and are normally used in semi-formal or formal letters, — @g. {would be grateful ityou could tell me what time the party wil nish ‘Could you please let me know how far the hotel is from the beach? ‘© You use if]whether in an indirect question when there is no question word in the direct question. €.9, Direct question: Do we need to bring our own food? Indirect question: | would like to know iffwhether we need to bring our ‘own food. Read the questions below and say whether they are direct (D) or indirect (1). Then rewrite them, as in the examples. 1 Lam interested in finding out if there Will there be a ski instructor? 2 DoI need to pay a deposit? = D Lwould like to know if I need to pay a 3 Could you cu pte tell me how many tickets are available? 4 I would like to know whether there are any facilities for young children, 5 What time does the pay nis 6 Doyou cater for vegetarians? 7 Lwould appreciate it if you could send me further information, 8 Where exactly isthe restaurant? 9 Could you please let me know where the nearest train station is? 10 Is the cost of equipment included in the price? 5 Look at the extracts and the notes (1-10) made about them, ‘Then, match the notes to the sentences (a-j) opposite, as in the example. ‘Brovaz Camp - funforallages! 71) oc coil . ane prices «Bua oso daly ~? 70" ro 3) when exactly? ATNEX COLLEGE Reserve a place on one of our ‘summer courses in photography “4) what do | bring 5), marine biology books? ‘No matter what you want to read, FULLSTOP BOOKSHOP will find it for you! +" ALL SCHOOL BOOKS IN STOCK ¢ HUGE SELECTION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE BOOKS Lo —— ae aie 6) Portuguese? Thleseone every day? ‘MiourTon Lancuace Centre © Intensive courses: Leam Italian in three months © 20 hours per week | jy Salen or ee lessons Grwmasnics Compenmon ® Jolie Sports Centre © 20th April ‘Tickets still available 10) how much? 9) morning or (betelUnit 5 Transactional Letters T] I would appreciate it if you could let me know exaetly how much the camp costs. B|_] Is there anything I need to bring with me? ¢]_] Could you let me know the exact dates of your courses? d]_] Could you please tell me how many hours per day we will have lessons [EL] Pa like to know if there are classes every day. Do you have marine biology books? would like to know if the competition takes place in the morning or afternoon, Tam interested in finding out whether you have any Portuguese books. t 8) [h]_] I would be grateful if you could tell me how much the tickets cost. i i I would appreciate it if you could let me know exactly how many students there are in each group. 6 a) Look at the following advertisement and write short questions about the underlined words/phrases, as in the example. NANNIES WANTED. Do you ... "+ enjoy working with children? eg. 1 Which + want to work abroad? counuries? Nannies Around the World is an international agency establisher E in 1980. We are ye looking for young people who enjoy working with children. 3 y= Regular working hours. ee “Two evenings a week free.” ‘Successful candidates will be ye ‘with suitable accommodation, Generous salary and benefits Please write to Mrs Madox at 14, Tissier Rd, Toronto, Ontario, Canada or | {telephone 0770-37660 for further information. b) Use your short questions to write suitable sentences requesting formation, eg. 1 Lwould like to know which countries I might be expected to work in. ot Could you please tell me which countries you operate in? 7 a) Read the rubric below, then answer the questions. You are organising an end-of- term party at your school and have. already made some ‘arrangements. Read the notes you have made for a letter to your head teactier, Mrs White Then write your letter, using all the information given. be Letter to Be White end-of-term party — school hall, Sat. tot July, tell her about: place, date, time (see above) who’ coming (Ath & 5th forma) rmueic (John Smith's Deco) ~ food 6, drink (Mary & Eva responsi), Bip ask her about: + cost of tickets ~ posters — where? ee 1. Should your letter: a. give information bask for information? ©) give and ask for information? 2 Who is going to read your letter" 3. How well do you know the person? 4 How should you begin and end the Tetter? 5 What opening and closing remarks should you write? b) Write sentences using the notes given, . placeidatitime: The party will beheld inthe school hall on Saturday 1st July from 8pm to Lpm. 8 Read the rubric in Ex. 7 again. Write your letter (120-180 words), using your answers from Ex. 7 to help you, You can use the letter in Ex. 3 as a model. 4]