SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

NINFLO1 INFORMATICS

A Self-regulated Learning Module

A Self-regulated Learning Module 1

 Course Overview
Course Code/Title: Informatics (NINFLO1)

Course Requirements: At the end of the course you are required to take quizzes, assignments and
laboratory activities and major examinations.
.
Module Requirements:
At the end of each module, you are expected to complete each:

1. Self-check (Quiz), Seatwork, Assignment

3. Major Written Examinations
4. Hands-on Examinations

*** All module quizzes and other activities shall be placed in a long brown envelope and submitted at
the end of each module or submitted via online (CANVAS or facebook group chat)

Contact Information:
[email protected]
[email protected]
www.facebook.com/lorie.narag

Consultation Hours:Class time

Table of Contents
Lesson : Introduction
1.1. Course Syllabus
1.2. Introduction to Computer
1.3. Word Processing
1.4. Spread sheet
1.5. Presentation
1.6. HIS using Hospital Run system

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 Lesson 1: Introduction to Computer
.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
• Identify the different components of a computer
• Know about programming languages and their categories
• Understand the program development life cycle and apply it in problem solving.

What is a computer?

 A computer is a machine that performs a variety of tasks according to specific instructions.

 It is a data processing machine which accepts data via an input device and its processor
manipulates the data according to a program.
 A computer is a device that takes input such as numbers, text, sound, image, animations,
video, etc., and converts it, returning the changed input (processed input) as output. All
numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video used as input are called data, and all
numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video returned as output are called
information. See Figure 1.1.Input-Process-Output Process Diagram

Computer

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 (http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/1.2)
Figure 1.1.Input-Process-Output Process Diagram

IMPORTANT:

 The data consists of numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video.

 The process converts numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video (data) into usable
data, which is called information.

 The information consists of numbers, text, sound, images, animations, and video that has been
converted by the process.

Functionalities of a computer:

Any digital computer carries out five functions:

1. Takes data as input.

2. Stores the data/instructions in its memory and can use them when required.
3. Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
4. Outputs the information.
5. Controls all the above four steps.

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Basic operations

 Input: Entering data into the computer

 Processing: Performing operations on the data
 Output: Presenting the results
 Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use
 Communications: Sending or receiving data

IMPORTANT

Data vs. Information? What’s the difference?

 Data
 Raw, unorganized facts
 Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video
 Information
 Data that has been processed into a meaningful form
 Information processing
 Converting data into information

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The following table shows the advantages and disadvantages a computer (See Table 1.1.
Advantages and disadvantages of computer)

Table 1.1. Advantages and disadvantages of computer

Advantages of Computers Disadvantages of Computers

 Computer is a very fast device.  A computer is a machine
 In addition to being very fast, computers are and has no intelligence of
very accurate. its own to perform any
 The computer has performed calculations task.
100% error-free.  Each and every instruction
 Computers perform all jobs with 100% has to be given to
accuracy. computer.
 The computer has much more storage  A computer cannot take
capacity than human beings. any decision on its own.
 Unlike human beings, a computer is free  It can perform functions as
from monotony, tiredness and lack of instructed by user. So it is
concentration. fully dependent on human
 It can work continuously without creating any being.
error and boredom.  The operating
 It can do repeated work with same speed environment/place where
and accuracy. the computer will be
 A computer is a very versatile machine. placed should be dust-free
 A computer is very flexible in performing the and suitable to its
jobs to be done. electronic components.
 Computer is an automatic machine.  Computer has no feeling
 The use of computers for data processing in or emotions.
an organization leads to reduction in  It cannot make judgment
paperwork and speeds up the process. based on feeling, taste,
 As data in electronic files can be retrieved as experience and knowledge
and when required, the problem of unlike a human being.
maintenance of large number of files gets
reduced.
 Though the initial investment for installing a
computer is high but it substantially reduces
the cost of each of its transaction.

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_overview.htm

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Why learn about computers?

 Pervasive computing

 Also known as ubiquitous computing

 Computers have become an integral part of our lives

 Basic computer literacy

 Knowing about and understanding computers and their uses is an essential skill
today for everyone

Computers in Your Life

• Before 1980

– Computers were large, expensive

– Very few people had access to them

– Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks

• Microcomputers in the early 80s

– Inexpensive personal computers

– Computer use increased dramatically

• Today

– More than 80% of households include a computer, and most use computers at work

– Electronic devices are converging into single units with multiple capabilities

• Computer is no longer an isolated productivity tool

• Check e-mail on living room television

• View internet content on mobile phone or other mobile device

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In this section, we will discuss the application of computers in various fields.

A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made
it an integrated part in all business organizations.
Computer is used in business organizations for −

Banking. Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.

Banks provide the following facilities −
 Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making deposits and
overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records.
 ATM machines which are completely automated are making it even easier for customers to deal
with banks.

Insurance. Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers.
Insurance companies, finance houses, and stock broking firms are widely using computers for
their concerns.
Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information showing −

 Procedure to continue with policies

 Starting date of the policies
 Next due installment of a policy
 Maturity date
 Interests due
 Survival benefits
 Bonus

Education. The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system.
 The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer Based
Education).
 CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
 Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students.
 There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a computer to educate
the students.

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  It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis is carried out on
this basis.
Notes:

 Youth today can be called the computing generation

 Most students today have access to computers at school

o Some schools integrate e-books into the curriculum

 Colleges and universities are even more integrated

– Wireless hotspots allow usage of personal laptops to connect to the college network

– Some colleges require a computer for enrollment

• Distance learning

– Students participate from locations other than the traditional classroom setting using
computers and Internet access

Marketing. In marketing, uses of the computer are following −

 Advertising − With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write and
revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.
 Home Shopping − Home shopping has been made possible through the use of computerized
catalogues that provide access to product information and permit direct entry of orders to be
filled by the customers.
Healthcare. Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and dispensaries. They are
being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in
scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT scans, etc. are
also done by computerized machines.

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Following are some major fields of health care in which computers are used.
 Diagnostic System − Computers are used to collect data and identify the cause of illness.
 Lab-diagnostic System − All tests can be done and the reports are prepared by computer.
 Patient Monitoring System − These are used to check the patient's signs for abnormality such
as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.
 Pharma Information System − Computer is used to check drug labels, expiry dates, harmful
side effects, etc.
 Surgery − Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery.

Engineering Design. Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.

One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that provides creation and
modification of images. Some of the fields are −
 Structural Engineering − Requires stress and strain analysis for design of ships, buildings,
budgets, airplanes, etc.
 Industrial Engineering − Computers deal with design, implementation, and improvement of
integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment.
 Architectural Engineering − Computers help in planning towns, designing buildings,
determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings.

Military. Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc. Military
also employs computerized control systems. Some military areas where a computer has been
used are −

 Missile Control
 Military Communication
 Military Operation and Planning
 Smart Weapons

Communication. Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or speech that

is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant. Some
main areas in this category are −

 E-mail

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  Chatting
 Usenet
 FTP
 Telnet
 Video-conferencing

Government. Computers play an important role in government services. Some major fields in
this category are −

 Budgets
 Sales tax department
 Income tax department
 Computation of male/female ratio
 Computerization of voters lists
 Computerization of PAN card
 Weather forecasting

Home. Computers used for a variety of tasks:

• Looking up information and news
• Exchanging e-mail
• Shopping and paying bills
• Watching TV and videos
• Downloading music and movies
• Organizing digital photographs
• Playing games
• Making vacation plans
• Wireless networking
– Computers can be used in nearly any location
• Smart appliances
– Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology
• Smart homes
– Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house

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Computers on the Job. Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for decision-making,
productivity, and communication
• Used by all types of employees
• Used for decision-making, productivity and communications
• Used for access control and other security measures
• Use by service professionals is growing
• Used extensively by the military
• Employees in all lines of work need to continually refresh their computer skills
• Some jobs exist because computers exist

Computers on the Go
 Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life
 Consumer kiosks
 ATM transactions
 POS systems at retail stores
 Self-checkout systems
 Consumer authentication systems
 Portable computers or mobile devices
 GPS systems

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Restaurant iPad Ordering Figure . Technology use while on the go.
 Used in conjunction with e-menus
 Customers can place and pay for orders
 Can provide more resources to customers

History of Computers

As we live in the digital world or the information era, we are constantly changing from the different
inventions of humans to improve the computing technology as the years passed by. Widespread use
of any technological devices varies from time to time. Inventions are getting smaller, smarter and having
faster capability and have great impact to human race and even the integration of all aspects of life to
do simple to complex work.

When computers and communications combine, convergence, portability, personalization,

collaboration, cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence and IoT/IoE will be observed where in information
technology systems are moving away from the standard personal hardware to more extensive networks
and smaller and smarter devices.

Let us look closely into the development of computing technology from the birth of Abacus to
The Singularity or Teleportation (Self Aware Machine Intelligence) or the application of Internet of
Things(IoT) and Internet of Everything(IoE).

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 Computing History
Timeline Events, Inventions and Significance
2400 BC Abacus, the first known calculator, as invented in Babylonia
300 BC Pingala invented the binary number system
60 AD Heron of Alexandria invented machines which are able to follow a series of
instructions
1614 John Napier invented a system of moveable rods (Napier's Rods) based on
logarithms which were able to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots
1622 William Oughtred developed the slide rule (it was circular in shape)
1623 Calculating Clock was invented by Wilhelm Schickard
1642 Blaise Pascal invented the "Pascaline", a mechanical adding machine
1801 Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented an automatic loom controlled by punched cards
1820 The Arithometer was the first mass-produced calculator invented by Charles
Xavier Thomas de Colmar
1822 Charles Babbage designed his first mechanical computer
1834 Analytical Engine was invented by Charles Babbage
1835 Morse code was invented by Samuel Morse
1848 Boolean algebra was devised by George Boole
1853 Tabulating Machine was invented by Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard
1878 Ramon Verea invented a fast calculator with an internal multiplication table
1884 The Comptometer, a device operated by pressing keys was developed by Dorr
E.Felt
1890 Herman Hollerith invented a counting machine which has increment mechanical
counters
1896 The Tabulating Machine Company was formed by Herman Hollerith which later
became IBM
1911 IBM (International Business Machine) was formed on June 15, 1911
1923 Philo Farnsworth devised the first fully electronic television

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1924 John Logie Baird invented the Electro Mechanical television system
Walther Bothe develoeds the logic gate
1930 Vannevar Bush developed a partly electronic Difference Engine (the precursor to
the digital computer)
1937 Alan Turing developed the concept of a theoretical computing machine
1938 Konrad Zuse created the Z1 Computer a binary digital computer using punch tape
1939 George Stibitz developed the Complex Number Calculator - a foundation for
digital computers
Hewlett Packard computer company was established by William Hewlett and
ABC (Atanasoft-Berry Computer) prototype was developed by David Packard
John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry
1943 Enigma encryption machine was used by Adolf Hitler Colossus, the code-
breaking machine was created by Alan Turing
1944 Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper designed the MARK series of computers at
Harvard University
1945 ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was developed by
John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly
“Computer Bug”, a term first used by Grace Hopper
1946 F.C. Williams develoeds his cathode-ray tube (CRT) storing device, the forerunner
to random-access memory (RAM)
1947 Pilot ACE the fastest digital computer in England at the time was built by Donald
Watts Davies and Alan Turing
William Shockley: invented the transistor at Bell Labs
Douglas Engelbart: theorised on interactive computing with keyboard and screen
display instead of on punchcards
1948 Andrew Donald Booth invented the magnetic drum memory
Frederic Calland Williams & Tom Kilburn develop the SSEM "Small Scale
Experimental Machine" digital CRT storage which was soon nicknamed the
"Baby"
1949 Claude Shannon built the first machine that plays chess
Howard Aiken developed the Harvard-MARK III

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1950 Hideo Yamachito createed the first electronic computer in Japan
Alan Turing publishes his paper - Computing Machinery and Intelligence which
helps create the Turing Test
1951 LEO, the first business computer was developed by T. Raymond Thompson
and John Simmons at Lyons Co.
UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) was introduced - the first
commercial computer made in the United States and designed principally by John
Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) began performing
basic tasks. Unlike the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal
1953 IBM 701 became available and a total of 19 are sold to the scientific community
1954 FORTRAN (Formula Translator) was developed by John Backus & IBM
1955 Bell Labs introduced its first transistor computer
1956 Optical fibre was invented by Basil Hirschowitz, C. Wilbur Peters, and Lawrence
E. Curtiss
1958 ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) and NASA were formed
Silicon chip, the first integrated circuit was produced by Jack Kilby & Robert
Noyce
1959 Paul Baran theorised on the "survivability of communication systems under
nuclear attack", digital technology and symbiosis between humans and machines
1960 COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language was
invented
1961 Unimate, the first industrial robot to work in a New Jersey factory was created by
General Motors
1962 Spacewar Computer Game was created invented by Steve Russell & MIT
1963 Computer Mouse was invented and patented by Douglas Engelbart (nicknamed
the mouse because the tail came out the end)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) was developed
to standardize data exchange among computers
1964 Word processor was introduced by IBM
BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Language) was
developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz
1965 Hypertext was coined by Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson

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1967 Floppy Disk was created by IBM
1969 Seymour Cray developed the CDC 7600, the first supercomputer
Gary Starkweather invented the laser printer whilst working with Xerox
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was set-up by the
U.S. Department of Defence with the intention of creating a computer network that
can withstand any type of disaster. It became the first building block for what the
internet has become today
1970 RAM(random-access memory) was introduced by Intel
Intel 4004, the first microprocessor was also introduced
1971 E-mail was invented by Ray Tomlinson
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) was developed by James Fergason
The Pocket calculator: is invented by Sharp Corporation
The Floppy Disk was created by David Noble with IBM - Nicknamed the "Floppy"
for its flexibility.
1972 First Commercial Video Game Pong was released by Atari
The CD (compact disc) was invented in the United States
1973 Ethernet was created by Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs which is a local-area
network (LAN) protocol
The minicomputer Xerox Alto (1973) was a landmark step in the development of
personal computers
Gateways were developed by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn to route computers to
negotiate between the various national networks
1974 IBM developed SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language ) now known
as SQL
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) was coined by Charles Simonyi to
describe the ability of being able to display a file or document exactly how it is
going to be printed or viewed
1975 The Altair 8800 was developed by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
(MITS) and the first personal home computer is released on 23 Jan, 1975
Microsoft Corporation was founded April 4, 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to
develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800

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1976 Apple Computers was founded by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs on 1 Apr
1976 (April Fool’s Day)
1977 Apple Computer’s Apple II, the first personal computer with colored graphics,
was demonstrated to the public
MODEM was written by Ward Christensen allowing two microcomputers to
exchange files with each other over a phone line
1978 Magnetic tape was developed in the US
1979 Over half a million computers were in use in the United States
1980 Paul Allen and Bill Gates were hired to create an operating system for a new PC.
They buy the rights to a simple operating system manufactured by Seattle
Computer Products and use it as a template to develop DOS
1981 Microsoft’s MS-DOS Computer Operating System increasd its success
1982 WordPerfect 1.0, a word processing program was introduced by the WordPerfect
Corporation
Commodore 64 became the best-selling computer of all time
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) was introduced for the first time
1983 Domain Name System (DNS) was pioneered by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris
and Craig Partridge. Seven 'top-level' domain names are initially introduced: edu,
com, gov, mil, net, org and int.
Microsoft Windows was introduced eliminating the need for a user to have to type
each command, like MS-DOS, by using a mouse to navigate through drop-down
menus, tabs and icons
1984 Apple Macintosh introduced the Macintosh with mouse and window interface on
24 Jan, 1984
Cyberspace, was coined by William Gibson when he publishes Neuromancer
Dell Computer is founded in Austin Texas on 3 May, 1984
1985 Pagemaker for the Macintosh creating the desktop publishing field
was introduced by Paul Brainard
Nintendo Entertainment System made its debut
Microsoft Windows 1.0 was introduced on 19 Nov, 1985 and is initially sold for
$100.00
1987 Microsoft Works was introduced by Microsoft Corporation

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 Perl 1.0 was introduced by Larry Wall
1990 Internet and the World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert
Cailliau
Microsoft and IBM stopped working together to develop operating systems
The World, the first commercial Internet dial-up access provider comes online on
20 Sep, 1990
1991 World Wide Web was launched to the public on August 6, 1991
1993 At the beginning of the year only 50 World Wide Web servers were known to exist
Windows 3.0 was released by Microsoft on 20 Sep, 1990
1994 World Wide Web Consortium was founded by Tim Berners-Lee to help with the
development of common protocols for the evolution of the World Wide Web
YAHOO (Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle) was created in April, 1994.
1995 Java was introduced
Amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos on 20 Sep, 1995
EBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar on 20 Sep,1995
Hotmail was started by Jack Smith and Sabeer Bhatia on 20 Sep, 1995
1996 WebTV was introduced for the first time
DVD Video format was first introduced by Toshiba in Japan in November, 1996
1997 Altavista introduced its free online translator Babel Fish
Microsoft acquired Hotmail
1998 Google was founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page on September 7, 1998
PayPal was founded by Peter Thiel and Max Levchin
Apple Power Book G3 was released on 20 Sep, 1998
2001 Xbox was introduced by Bill Gates on 7 Jan, 2001
Windows XP was launched on 20 Sep, 2001
2002 PayPal was acquired by eBay
2003 iTunes was launched on 9 Jan, 2003
Skype was launched on 20 Aug, 2003
2004 Facebook was first launched on 20 Sep, 2004

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 Firefox 1.0 was released on 9 Nov, 2004
Blizzard's World of Warcraft game, the most popular and
successful MMORPG was released on 23 Nov, 2004
2005 The blu-ray was first announced and introduced on 4 Jan, 2006.
YouTube began on 14 Feb, 2005
Xbox360 was released on 20 Feb, 2005
eBay acquired Skpe on September 12, 2005
2006 iPhone is released on 29 Jun, 2006
Play Station 3 was released by SCE on 11 Nov, 2006
Wii was released by Nintendo on 19 Nov, 2006
2007 Windows Vista was released 30 Jan, 2007
Asus released first Eee PC (netbook) on 16 Oct, 2007
2008 First Android OS and Android Smartphone was released on 21 Oct, 2008
Netbooks became popular
2009 Windows 7 was released on 22 Oct, 2009
2010 Apple iPad was released on 3 Apr, 2010
2011 Microsoft exceeded $1 billion in sales and becomes the first company to do so
2012 iPhone 5 was introduced by Apple
Microsoft Windows 8 and Microsoft Surface was released on October 26, 2012
iPad mini was introduced by Apple on October 23, 2012
3D processing Chips became available
5G Phones became available
2013 iOS7 was introduced by Apple on September 18, 2013
Microsoft released Windows 8.1 on October 18, 2013
Foldable computers became available
(http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=cmptr
http://www.datesandevents.org/events-timelines/07-computer-history-timeline.htm
http://anddum.com/timeline/history_short.htm)

Computers then and now…

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There are five computer generations known till date. Each generation is characterized by a major
technological development. In the following table, approximate dates against each generation has
been mentioned, which are normally accepted.
Following are the main five generations of computers.

S.No Generation & Description

First Generation. The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.
1

Second Generation. The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor

2
based.
Third Generation. The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit
3
based.
Fourth Generation. The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI
4
microprocessor based.
Fifth Generation. The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI
5
microprocessor based.

Table 2. Generations of computers

1. First-generation computers (1946-1957)

 Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes

 Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat

 ENIAC and UNIVAC

2. Second-generation computers (1958-1963)

 Used transistors

 Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper,

more energy-efficient, and more reliable

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  Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and store data

3. Third-generation computers (1964-1970)

 Used integrated circuits (ICs)

 Keyboards and monitors introduced

4. Fourth-generation computers (1971-present)

 Use microprocessors

 IBM PC, Apple Macintosh

 Use keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers

 Use magnetic disks, flash memory, and optical disks for storage

 Computer networks, wireless technologies, Internet introduced

5. Fifth-generation (now and the future)

 No precise classification

 May be based on artificial intelligence (AI)

 Will likely use voice and touch input

 May be based on optical computers and utilize nanotechnology

The Computing Process

What are the basic elements of the computing process?

The three basic elements of the computing process are:

Basic Elements Description
Computer users have come to be called simply, “users”. It has included not
End-users only computer scientists and engineers, but also all other professionals,
students, parents and even kids. End-users are at the receiving end of the
so-called “computer line”, hence the term end-users.
Hardware Refers to any part of your computer that has a physical structure, as the
processor, input and output devices, and storage devices, as well as
peripheral devices.

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Software Refers to any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what
guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some
examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors
such as Microsoft Word
(http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/1.2)

The computer has two major components: hardware & software

Basic Components of a Computer:

Hardware:

• The Central Processing Unit

• The “brain” of the computer

• Contains millions of extremely tiny electrical parts

• It does the fundamental computing within the system.

• Examples?

• Memory

• Main Memory (Random Access Memory (RAM)

• Volatile

• Secondary Memory

• Non-volatile

• Examples?

• Input and Output Devices

Basic Components of a Computer:

Software

• Types of Computer Programs

• Systems Programs

• Programs that are needed to keep all the hardware and software systems running together

smoothly

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 • Examples?

• Application Programs

• Programs that people use to get their work done

• Examples?

• Compilers

Name: Date:

Q1 NINFLO1 Score:

Self-Test. Write your answers in the space provided: (50 points)

1. What is computer? (2 points)

2. List down the basic operations of computer and explain each operation?(8 points)

3. List down at least five (5) reasons on how computers are used at home? ?(5 points)

4. List down five (5) reasons on how computers are used in education? (5 points)

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5. List down five (5) reasons on how computers are used on the job? (5 points)

6. List down the five generations of computers and the inventions(5 points)

7. Explain the difference of Data from Information?(5 points)

8. Explain briefly the application of computer in various fields? (5 points)

9. Explain briefly the advantages and disadvantages of computer?(5 points)

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10. Explain the three basic elements of the computing process? (5 points)

References:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCq8-xTH7jA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnyFYiK2rSY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKGZlaPlVLY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoqMiFKspAA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USCBCmwMCDA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jQqcwwVqSA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBiVyEfZVUU
https://www.itcareerfinder.com/brain-food/blog/entry/best-computer-jobs-for-the-future.html
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow
Computer Fundamentals Manual -SIT

A Self-regulated Learning Module 26