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Climate and Weather

The document discusses climate and design assignment 3 submitted by Saud Ahmad. It contains answers to 3 questions about climate. Question 1 distinguishes between climate and weather, noting that climate refers to long-term patterns while weather describes short-term conditions. Question 2 outlines the characteristics of tropical climates, including temperatures above 18°C year-round and wet and dry seasons. Question 3 briefly explains the climatic elements of temperature and humidity, covering how each is measured and how they impact design.

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178 views10 pages

Climate and Weather

The document discusses climate and design assignment 3 submitted by Saud Ahmad. It contains answers to 3 questions about climate. Question 1 distinguishes between climate and weather, noting that climate refers to long-term patterns while weather describes short-term conditions. Question 2 outlines the characteristics of tropical climates, including temperatures above 18°C year-round and wet and dry seasons. Question 3 briefly explains the climatic elements of temperature and humidity, covering how each is measured and how they impact design.

Uploaded by

LKP Gh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLIMATE

AND
DESIGN
ASSIGNMENT 3

SAUD AHMAD SUBMITTED TO-


20ARB566 NAVEELA MAM
Q.1. Distinguish between Climate and Weather.

Ans.1. Weather is defined as the day-to-day state of the atmosphere in a


region and it is short-term (minutes to weeks) variations, whereas
climate is defined as statistical weather data that represents the variation
of weather at a specific location over a set interval. They are commonly
used interchangeably, but they differ in terms of the period of time they
track and the trends that influence them.

Temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, visibility, and


wind are all factors in determining the weather. Climate, in popular
usage, is a synthesis of weather; more formally, it is a locality's weather
averaged over a period of time (typically 30 years), with statistics on
weather extremes.

Weather has many different aspects. Sunlight, rain, cloud cover,


winds, hail, snow, sleet, freezing rain, flooding, blizzards, ice storms,
thunderstorms, constant showers from a cold front or warm front,
excessive heat, heat waves, and other weather phenomena are all
possible. Precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind speed,
and phenomena like fog, frost, and hail storms can all affect climate over
time.

Minute by minute, hour by hour, day by day, and season by


season, the weather can change dramatically. Climate, on the other
hand, is the average of weather through time and location, and overall
climate changes are typically gradual.

Climatology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences that studies


climate, which is officially defined as weather conditions averaged across
time. Meteorology is an interdisciplinary science that focuses on
weather processes and predictions in the atmosphere.
Weather predictions are created by gathering data on the current state
of the atmosphere (especially temperature, humidity, and wind) and
using physically-based mathematical models to predict how the
environment will change in the future. Because of the chaotic nature of
the environment, flawless forecasts are unattainable, and forecasts
become less accurate as the forecast range grows. Weather statistics are
used to gauge the climate. Because patterns across time must be
monitored, a general term of 30 years is used to anticipate the climate of
an area. The standard classification of the world's climatic zones is based
primarily on annual temperature and rainfall cycles. The time frame
allows weather forecasts to be accurate.
Q.2. What are the characteristics of Tropical Climate?
Ans.2. A tropical climate is one that is not arid and has temperatures that
are warmer than 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit) for all twelve
months of the year. In tropical areas, however, there are only two
seasons: wet and dry.

Characteristics:
1. The term "tropical" refers to a climate that is not desert. The phrase
"tropical" is a fairly precise term that refers to a region with a consistent
temperature.

2. The wet season might run away from the high-sun half of the year. In
the northern hemisphere, it lasts from April through September. From
October to March in the southern hemisphere.

3. The wet season could also run from the low-sun part of the year,
which spans from October to March in the northern hemisphere and
April to September in the southern hemisphere.

4. Tropical regions are generally frost-free, and fluctuations in solar angle


are minimal. The temperature in tropical climates remains relatively
steady (warm) throughout the year, and the sun is powerful.

5. Tropical rainforest climates are found primarily near the equator, in


latitudes of 10 to 15 degrees north and south of the equator. This climate
is dominated by the intertropical convergence zone's doldrums, which
are characterised by calm winds, sinking air, and frequent rainfalls.
In addition, the seasonal rainfalls are high, averaging 200 cm (80 inches)
or more each year. There is either no dry season or two dry months at
most. During the entire year, there is at least 60 mm (2.4 inches) of
precipitation.
6. Because of the monsoon winds, which change direction according to
the seasons, a tropical monsoon climate develops. There is a short and
distinct dry season in this type of tropical climate.
As a result, this one is influenced by the intertropical convergence zone
during high sun, which is primarily in the summers, and by dry trade
winds during low sun, which is primarily in the winters.

7. Tropical savanna climates are found primarily between 10° and 20°
north-south latitude, and are frequently found on the tropics' peripheries.
The savanna climate has temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees
Celsius (68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). The temperature ranges from 25 to
30 degrees Celsius in the summer, and from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius in
the winter. The yearly rainfall ranges from 700 to 1000 millimetres.
November to March are the driest months, with rainfall of less than 60
mm. Lands covered with flat grassland plants are common in savanna
climate zones. Grassland biomes make up over 20% of the planet's
surface. Rhodes grass, red oats grass, star grass, and lemongrass are
examples of grassland vegetation.
Q.3. Briefly explain the climatic elements- Temperature and
Humidity.
Temperature
Temperature is a very important factor in determining the
weather, because it influences or controls other elements of the
weather, such as precipitation, humidity, clouds and atmospheric
pressure.
Temperature is a measure of the warmth of an object expressed in
terms of Celsius or Fahrenheit, measured with thermometer. Sun
is the chief source of energy for the Earth.
The earth's temperature is maintained by the atmosphere, which
functions as an insulator. The earth would experience significant
temperature extremes during the day and night if it didn't have an
atmosphere. Radiation, conduction, convection, and advection are
some of the processes that cause atmospheric heat.
Temperature varies throughout the day due to the Earth's rotation
and during the annual seasons due to the Earth's translational
motion around the sun.
The speed of the molecules in the air is determined by the
quantity of heat in the air. The faster the molecules move, the
higher the temperature rises. The sun generates heat in the
atmosphere, which varies at different heights in the atmosphere.
The temperature near the Earth's surface is determined by the
amount of sunlight received, how much is converted to heat at the
Earth's surface, and how much of that heat is trapped near the
surface by greenhouse gases or cloud cover. The air is cooler at
higher elevations above the ground.
Temperature is measured using a thermometer in degrees
Fahrenheit or Celsius.
The maximum and minimum temperatures of the location
determine the planned size in designing various points of a
building, as well as the material used.
Humidity
The meteorological characteristic that cannot be seen but may be
felt is humidity.
It not only influences weather formation, but it also has a direct
impact on our bodily comfort levels.
Humidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere
at any given time.
Water vapour is simply water that has turned into a gas (after the
liquid has evaporated).
Despite the fact that humidity and its effects may typically be felt,
they are usually imperceptible to the naked eye.
The hygrometer is a device that measures wind speed.
Humidity can be classified into three categories:
a) Absolute humidity: the total amount of water vapour present in a
volume of air at a specific temperature.
b) Relative humidity: Is the ratio of the water vapours existing in a
certain volume of air at a given temperature to the maximum water
vapours that the air can hold without condensing at that
temperature.
c) Specific humidity: Is defined as the mass of water vapour in
grammes contained in a kilogram of air and shows the amount of
moisture present in a specific air.
The humidity component of weather makes the day feel warmer
and can be utilised to forecast storms.
The extended moisture level is the humidity aspect of climate.
When the humidity level is high, the air is choked with water
vapour, leaving little room for anything else. When we sweat in a
humid environment, it can be difficult to cool down since our
sweat does not evaporate as quickly as it should.
Buildings are designed and constructed in areas with higher relative
humidity of weather, such as coastal areas and islands, to account
for the significant detrimental impacts of water.

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