1. Brine enters a circulating brine cooler at the rate of 60 m3/hr at -*C and 5.

5. A Pelton type turbine was installed 30 m below the gate of the penstock. The head
leaves at -18C. Specific heat of brine is 1.072 KJ/kg-K and specific gravity of 1.12. loss due to friction is 12 percent of the given elevation. The length of penstock is
Determine the tons of refrigeration. 100 m and coefficient of friction is 0.00093. Determine the power output in KW.
A. 53.5 TR B. 65.3 TR C.33.5 TR *D. 56.9 ( Use Moorse equation)
TR A. 22,273 B. 23,234 C. 32,345 *D. 34,452
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Density of brine = 1.12(1000 kg/m3) = 1120 kg/m3 hL = 0.12(30) = 3.6 m
m = (1120)(60)/3600 = 18.67 kg/sec h = 30 – 3.6 = 26.40 m
Q = mcp∆ t = 18.67(1.072)(-8 + 18) = 200.11 KW v = (2gh)1/2 = [(2)(9.81)(26.4)]1/2 = 22.759 m/sec
hL= (2fLv2)/gD
TR = 200.11/3.516 = 56.91 Tons of refrigeration
3.6 = (2 x .00093 x 100 x 22.759) / (9.81D)
D = 2.728 m
2. A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of 20℃ water. The pump
π
pressure of water at this temperature is 2.34 KPa. The pump is incapable of lifting Q=Axv=[ ( 2.758 )2](22.759) = 133.03 m3/sec
the water higher than 16 m. What is the atmospheric pressure? 4
*A. 159.30 B. 32.33 C. 196.22 D. Power = w Q h = 9.81(133.03)(26.4) = 34,452 KW
171.9 6. Find the enthalpy of Helium if its internal energy is 200 KJ/kg.
SOLUTION: A. 144 KJ/kg B. 223.42 KJ/kg *C. 333.42
Using Bernoulli’s Theorem: KJ/kg D. 168 KJ/kg
P1/w + V12/2g + z1 = P2/w + V2/2g + z2 Solution:
P1/w = P2/w + (V22 - V12)/2g + (z2 - z1) R = 8.314/4 = 2.0785
P1/9.81 = 2.34/9.81 + 0 + 16 K = 1.667 for helium
P1 = 159.30 KPa cp = k R/(k – 1) = 1.667(2.0785)/(1.667 – 1) = 5.195 KJ/kg-K
cv = R/(k – 1) = 2.0785/(1.667 – 1) = 3.116 KJ/kg-K
3. An engine-generator rated 9000 KVA at 80% power factor, 3 phase, 4160 V has ∆h/∆U = cp/cv
an efficiency of 90%. If overall plant efficiency is 28%, what is the heat generated ∆h/200 = 5.195/3.116
by the fuel. ∆h = 333.42 KJ/kg
A. 18,800 KW B. 28,800 KW C. 7500 KW 7. A refrigeration system consumed 28,000 kw-hr per month of energy. There are 20
*D. 25,714 KW % of energy is lost due to cooling system of compressor and motor efficiency is 90
SOLUTION: %. If COP of the system is 6, find the tons of refrigeration of the system.
Gen. Output = pf x KVA = 0.8 x 9000 = 7200 KW A. 43.15 TR B. 46.15 TR *C. 49.15 TR
eoverall= Gen. Output D. 41.15 TR
Qg Solution:
P/m = 28,800/(24 x 30) = 40 kw
0.28 = 7200/Qg BP = 40(0.90) = 36 kw
Qg = 25,714.28 KW Wc = 36(1 – 0.20) = 28.80 kw
4. An air compressor consumed 1200 kw-hr per day of energy. The electric motor COP = RE/Wc
driving the compressor has an efficiency of 80%. If indicated power of the 6 = RE/28.80
compressor is 34 kw, find the mechanical efficiency of the compressor. RE = 172.8/3.516 = 49.15 TR
A. 117.65 % B. 75 % *C. 85 % D.
90 %
Solution:
P/m = 1200kw-hr/24 hrs = 50 kw
BP = 50(0.80) = 40 kw
em = 34/40 = 85 %
8. A 29.53” x 39.37” pressure vessel contains ammonia with f = 0.041. Compute the 11. In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kpa, 277°C and
minimum required discharge capacity of the relief device in kg/hr. 43 m/s. The products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kpa, 1004°C and
A. 106.71 kg/hr B. 108.71 kg/hr *C. 110.71 kg/hr D. 112.71 180 m/s. Liquid fuel enters with a heating value of 43,000 KJ/kg. For fuel-air ratio
kg/hr of 0.0229, what is the combustor efficiency of the unit in percent?
Solution: A. 70.38% B. 79.385% *C. 75.38% D.
C = f D L, kg/s 82.38%
C = 0.041(29.53/39.37)(39.37/39.37) = 0.03075 kg/s (3600) = 110.71 SOLUTION:
kg/hr Heat supplied by fuel = mfQh = 0.0229(43,000) = 984.7 KJ/kg air
Q = heat absorbed by fuel
9. Find the enthalpy of water at 212˚F and 14.7 psi if the dryness factor is 30%. Use Q/m = Cp(T2 – T1) + ½(V22 – V12)
the approximate enthalpy formula of liquid. Q/m = (1.0)(1004 – 277) + ½[(180) 2 –(43) 2]/1000 =742.28 KJ/kg air
A. 461 Btu/lb *B. 471 Btu/lb C. 481 Btu/lb
D. 491 Btu/lb
742.28
Combustor Efficiency = = 75.38%
Solution: 984.7
ht = (˚F – 32) = (212 – 32) = 180 Btu/lb 12. Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a pressure of 20 psia at 200˚F with 10
htg = 970 Btu/lb ft3 volume.
h = ht + x htg A. 1.04 lbs B. 1.14 lbs *C. 1.24 lbs
h = 180 + 0.3(970) = 471 Btu/lb D. 1.34 lbs
Solution:
10. The charge in a Diesel engine consists of 18.34 grams of fuel, with lower heating PV = m R T
value of 42,571 KJ/kg, and 409 grams of fuel and products of combustion. At the (20 x 144)(10) = m (1545/44)(200 + 460)
beginning of compression, t1 = 60℃ . Let rk = 14. For constant cP = 1.11 KJ/kg-C, m = 1.24 lbs
what should be the cut-off ratio in the corresponding ideal cycle?
A. 2.05 B. 2.34 C. 5.34 13. A three stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 1000 kpa. Find the
*D. 2.97 intercooler pressure between the first and second stage.
A. 505.44 kpa B. 108.44 kpa C. 316.23 kpa
SOLUTION:
*D. 215.44 kpa
QA = mfQh = 0.01283(42,571) = 780,752 KJ
Solution:
T2/T1 = rkk-1
Px = (P12P2)1/3
T2 = (60 + 273)1.4-1 = 956.964K
Px = [(100)2(1000)]1/3 = 215.44 kpa
mt + mg = 409
14. A submersible pump delivers 350 gpm of water to a height of 5 ft from the
mt + ma + mf = 409
ground. The pump were installed 150 ft below the ground level and draw down of 8
ma = 409 – 2(18.34) = 372.32 grams
ft during the operation. If water level is 25 ft above the pump, determine the pump
QA = macp(t3 – t2)
power.
780.752 = 0.37232(1.11)(T3 – 956.964)
A. 7.13 KW B. 4.86 KW C. 7.24 KW
T3 = 2846,146℃
*D. 9.27 KW
rC = T3/T2 = 2846.146/956.964 = 2.97
SOLUTION:
h = 5 + 150 – (25 – 8) = 138/3.281 = 42.06 m
Q = 350 gal/min x 0.003785 m3/gal x 1 min/60sec = 0.02246 m3/sec
Wp = w Q h = 9.81(0.02246)(42.06) = 9.27 KW
15. Find the depth in furlong of the ocean (SG = 1.03) if the pressure at the sea bed 19. A 350 mm X 450 mm steam engine running at 280 rpm has an entrance steam
is 2,032.56 kpag. condition of 2 Mpa and 230 oC and exit at 0.1 Mpa. The steam consumption is
*A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 2,000 kg/hr and mechanical efficiency is 85%. If indicated mean effective pressure
Solution: is 600 Kpa, determine brake thermal efficiency.
P=wh At 2 Mpa and 230 oC (Table 3): h1 = 2849.6 s1 = 6. 4423
2,032.56 = (1.03 x 9.81) h At 0.1 Mpa: sf = 1.3026 hf = 417.46 sfg = 6.0568 hfg = 2258
h = 201.158 m x 3.281 ft/m x 1 yd/3ft x 1 furlong/220yd = 1 furlong hf2 = 417.46 KJ/kg
16. A rectangular foundation cross-section has a bed plate dimension of 8 ft x 10 ft. A. 23.34% *B. 15.25% C. 14.16% D.
The uniform clearance on each side is 1 ft. The height of foundation is 4.5 ft. If the 27.34%
weight of the steel bar reinforcements needed is 1/2% of weight of foundation, find
the weight of steel bars. Use concrete density of 2400 kg/m3 . SOLUTION:
A. 173.47 kg *B. 183.47 kg C. 163.47 kg D. 153.47 kg VD = 2[3.1416/4 (0.35) 2 (0.45)(280/60)]= 0.4041 m3/sec
SOLUTION: Indicated Power = Pmi x VD = 600 x 0.4041 =242.45 KW
A = (8 + 2) (10 + 2) = 120 m2 Brake Power = IP (em) = 242.45 (0.85) = 206.08KW
V = Ah = 120(4.5) = 540 ft3 = 15.29 m3 Brake Power 206.08
W = wV = (2400)(15.29) = 36,693.25 kg etb = BP/ ms (h1-hf2) =206.08/ (2000/3600)(2849.6 –
Weight of steel bars = (1/2%) Wf = 0.005(36,693.25) = 183.47 kg 417.46)=15.25%

17. A double suction centrifugal pumps delivers 20 ft3/sec of water at a head of 12 20. A turbine has a mechanical efficiency of 93%, volumetric efficiency of 95% and
m and running at 650 rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump? total efficiency of 82%. If effective head is 40 m, find the total head.
A. 5014.12 rpm B. 6453.12 rpm *C. 2770.73 rpm D. A. 48.72 m B. 40.72 m *C. 36.22 m D. 34.72 m
9966.73 rpm SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: eT = emehev
N = N(Q)1/2 / h3/4 0.8 = 0.93(eh)(.95)
Q = 20/2 ft3/sec x 7.481 gal/ft3 x 60 sec/1min = 4,488.6 gal/min ηh = 0.9055
h = 12 x 3.281 = 39.37 ft Total head = h eh = (40)(0.9055) = 36.22 m
N = (650 x (4,488.6)1/2)/(39.37)3/4
N = 2,770.73 rpm
18. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 30 cm at a velocity of 5 m/s at the 21. A foundation measures 12 ft x 14 ft x16 ft. Find the number of sacks of cement
temperature in pipe. The density and viscosity of the water are as follows: density needed for 1:2:4 mixture.
997.9 kg/sec viscosity = 1.131 Pa-s. What is the Reynolds Number for this situation? A. 302 B. 404 C. 356 *D. 598
*A. 2647 B. 96.2 C. 3100 D. 1140 SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: V = 12 X 14 X 16 = 2,688 ft3 (1 yd3 / 33 ft3) = 99.55 yd3 of concrete
n = Dvg / v For every 1 yd3 concrete, it needs 6 sacks of cement
Where: Therefore:
D = 2(0.30) = 0.60 m No. of sacks = 6(99.55) = 597.33 sacks or 598 sacks
vg = 5 M/SEC
v = 1.131/997.9 = 0.0011334 m2 / sec
Nm = 0.60(5)/0.0011334 = 2,647
22. A liquid dominated geothermal plant with a single flash separator receives water 24. A steam turbine with 80% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 Mpa and 550oC
at 204oC. The separator pressure is 1.04 Mpa. A direct contact condenser operates at and exhaust as 20 Kpa. Determine the quality at exhaust.
0.034 Mpa. The turbine has a polytropic efficiency of 0.75. For a cycle output of 60 At 7 Mpa and 550oC: h1 = 3530.9 Kj/kg
MW, what is the mass flow rate of the well-water in kg/s? s1 = 6.9486
At 204oC: hf = 870.51 KJ/kg At 20 Kpa (0.020 Mpa): sf = 0.8320 hf =
At 1.04 Mpa: hf = 770.38 hfg = 2009.2 hg = 2779.6 251.4
sg = 6.5729 *A. 96.96% B. 76.34% C. 82.34% D. 91.69%
At 0.034 MPa: hf = 301.40 hfg = 2328.8 sf = 0.9793 sfg = SOLUTION:
6.7463 sfg = 7.0766 hfg = 2358.3
*A. 2,933 B. 2,100 C. 1,860 D. 2,444 s1 = s2 = sf + sfg
SOLUTION: 6.9486 = 0.8320 + x(7.0766)
h3 = hg at 1.04 MPa = 2779.6 KJ/kg x = 0.8643
Solving for h4: h2 = 251.40 + 0.8643(2358.3) = 2289.78 KJ/kg
s3 = s4 = sf + xsfg nST = h1 – h2a
6.5729 = 0.9793 + x4(6.7463) h1 – h2
x4 = 0.829 0.80 = 3530.9 – h2a
h4 = 301.4 + 0.829(2328.8) = 2232.3 KJ/kg 3530.9 – 2289.78
WT = ms (h3 – h4) h2a = 2538.004 KJ/kg
60,000 = ms (2779.6 – 2232.3) 0.75 h2a = hf + x hfg
ms = 146.17 kg/sec 2538.004 = 251.40 + x (2358.3)
Solving for x2: (h1 = h2) x = 96.96%
h1 = h2 = hf + xhfg 25. The discharge pressure of an air compressor is 5 times the suction pressure. If
870.51 = 770.38 + x2(2009.2) volume flow at suction is 0.1 m3/sec, what is the suction pressure if compressor
x2 = 0..049836 work is 19.57 kw? (use n=1.35)
ms = x mg A. 97 kpa *B.98 kpa C. 99 kpa D.100 kpa
146.17 = 0.049836 mg SOLUTION:
mg = 2,933.06 kg/sec nP 1V 1
W= [(P2/P1)n-1/n – 1]
23. What is the hydraulic gradient of a 1 mile, 17 inches inside diameter pipe when n−1
3300 gal/min of water flow with f = 0.03. 19.57 = 1.35(P1)(0.1)/(1.35-1)[(5)1.35-1/1.35 – 1]
*A. 0.00714 B. 0.00614 C. 0.00234 D. 0.0018 P1 = 98 KPa
Solution: 26. Find the mass of 10 quartz of water.
v = (3300/7.481)/(π/4)(17/12)2(60) = 4.66 ft/s A. 10.46 kg *B. 9.46 kg C. 11.46 kg D. 8.46 kg
L = 1 mile = 5280 ft Solution:
hL = fLv2/2_D = 0.03(5280)(4.66)2/2(32.2)(17/12) = 37.7 ft V = 10 quartz x 1gal/4quartz x 3.785li/1gal x 1m3/1000li
Hydraulic gradient = 37.7/5280 = 0.007.14 V = 0.0094625 x 10-3m3
w = m/V
1000 = m/0.0094625 x 10-3
m = 9.46 kg
 31. An otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. Find the pressure ratio during
27. In an 9,000 KW hydro-electric plant the over-all efficiency is 88% and the actual compression.
power received by the customer is 110,000 KW-hrs for that day. What is the *A. 18.38 B. 16.38 C. 14.38 D. 12.38
secondary power could this plant deliver during the entire day? Solution:
A. 58,960 KW-hrs *B. 80,080 KW-hrs C. 65,960 KW-hrs D. P1V1k = P2V22
70,960 KW-hrs (V1/V2)k = (P2/P1)
SOLUTION: rkk = rp
Plant Capacity = 9,000(0.88)(24) = 190,080 KW-hrs rp = (8)1.4 = 18.38
Secondary Power = 190,080 – 110,000 = 80,080 KW-hrs 32. A waste heat recovery boiler produces 4.8 Mpa(dry saturated) steam from 104°C
28. A hydro electric plant having 30 sq. km reservoir area and 100 m head is used to feedwater. The boiler receives energy from 7 kg/sec of 954°C dry air. After passing
generate power. The energy utilized by the consumers whose load is connected to through a waste heat boiler, the temperature of the air is has been reduce to 343°C.
the power plant during a five-hour period is 13.5 x 106 kwh. The overall generation How much steam in kg is produced per second? Note: At 4.80 Mpa dry saturated, h
efficiency is 75%. Find the fall in the height of water in the reservoir after the 5-hour = 2796.
period. A. 1.30 B. 0.92 *C. 1.81 D. 3.43
A. 5.13 m B. 1.32 m C. 3.21 *D. 2.20 m SOLUTION:
SOLUTION hf = approximate enthalpy of feedwater
Energy Output = Power x time = (w Q h) x time hf = Cpt
13.5 x 106 = 9.81(Q)(100)(0.75)(5) hf = 4.187(104)
Q = 3669.725 m3/s hf = 435.45 KJ/kg
Volume after 5 hrs = 3669.725(5 x 3600) = 66,055,050 m3 Heat loss = Heat gain
Volume = A x height m gc p(t 1 - t 2) = m s(h - h f)
66,055,050 = (30 x 106) h 7(1.0)(954 – 343) = ms(2796.0 – 436.45)
H =2.202 m m s = 1.81 kg/sec
29. A 23 tons refrigeration system has a heat rejected of 100 kw. Find the energy 33. A dual cycle has an initial temperature of 30 ˚C. The compression ratio is 6 and
efficiency ratio of the system. the heat addition at constant volume process is 600 KJ/kg. If cut-off ratio is 2.5, find
A. 13.42 *B. 14.42 C. 15.42 D. 16.42 the maximum temperature of the cycle.
Solution: A. 3638.50 ˚C *B. 3365.50 ˚C C. 3565.50 ˚C
QR = RE + Wc D. 3965.50 ˚C
100 = 23(3.516) + Wc Solution:
Wc = 19.132 kw T2 = T1 rkk-1 = (30 +273)(6)1.4-1 = 620.44 ˚K
COP = RE/Wc = (23 x 3.516) / 19.132 = 4.32 QAV = m cv (T3 – T2)
EER = 3.412 COP = 3.412(4.23) = 14.42 600 = 1(0.7186)(T3 – 620.44)
30. Find the pressure at the 100 fathom depth of water in kpag. T3 = 1455.396 ˚K
*A. 1,793.96 kpag B. 1,893.96 kpag C. 1,993.96 kpag rc = T4/T3
D. 1,693.96 kpag 2.5 = T4/1455.396
Solution: T4 = 3638.49 ˚K = 3365.50 ˚C
H = 100 fathom x 6 = 600 ft
P = w h = (600/3.281)(9.81) = 1,793.96 kpag
 2nP 1 V 1
W= [(Px/P1)n-1/n – 1] = 2(1.4)(97)(0.35)/(1.4 – 1)
34. Wet material, containing 220% moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at the rate of n−1
1.5 kg/s in a continuous dryer to give a product containing 10% (dry basis) . Find the [(251.0.97/97)1.4-1/1.4 – 1] = 74.208 KW
moisture removed, kg/hr POWER SAVED = 85.79 – 74.208 = 11.582 KW
*A. 3543.75 kg/hr B. 3513.75 kg/hr C. 3563.75 kg/hr D. 38. An air compressor has a power of 40 kw at 4 % clearance. If clearance will
3593.75 kg/hr increase to 70 %, what is the new power?
Solution: A. 70 kw *B. 40 kw C. 53kw D.
Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product 60 kw
[1/(1 + 2.2)](1.5) = [1/(1 + 0.1)](x) Solution:
x = 0.5156 kg/s (total dried product) The power of compressor will not be affected with the changes in
Moisture removed = 1.5 – 0.5156 = 0.984 kg/s = 3543.75 kg/hr clearance. Therefore the power will still be 40 kw.
39.
35. A 1 m x 1.5 m cylindrical tank is full of oil with SG = 0.92. Find the force acting The specific speed of turbine is 85 rpm and running at 450 rpm. If the head is 20 m
at the bottom of the tank in dynes. and generator efficiency is 90%, what is the maximum power delivered by the
A. 106.33 x 103 dynes B. 106.33 x 104 dynes C. 106.33 x 105 dynes *D. generator.
106.33 x 106 dynes A. 450.51 KW B. 354.52 KW C. 650.53 KW *D. 835.57
Solution: KW
P = w h = (0.92 x 9.81) (1.5) = 13.5378 kpa SOLUTION:
F = PA = 13.5378(π/4 x 12) = 10.632 KN = 10,632.56 N x 10,000 NS = (N√HP)/h5/4
dynes/N 85 = (450√HP)/(20 x 3.281) 5/4
F = 106.33 x 106 dynes Hp = 1244.52
Generator Output = (1244.52 x 0.746)(0.9) = 835.57 KW
36. The indicated thermal efficiency of a two stroke diesel engine is 60%. If friction 40. A 10-stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 800 kpa. Find the
power is 15% of heat generated, determine the brake thermal efficiency of the intercooler pressure between 1st and 2nd stage.
engine. A. 282.84 kpa B. 113.21 kpa *C. 123.11
A. 43% *B. 45 % C. 36% D. 37% kpa D. 333.51 kpa
SOLUTION: Solution:
ne = IP/ Qg Px = (P1s-1P2)1/s
0.60 = IP/Qg Px = [(100)10-1(1000)]1/10 = 123.11 kpa
IP = 0.60 Qg 41. The gain of entropy during isothermal nonflow process of 5 lb of air at 60℉ is
BP = IP- FP = 0.60Qg – 0.15Qg = 0.45Qg 0.462 Btu/R. Find the V1/V2.
etb = BP/Qg = 0.45Qg/Qg = 45% A. 3.85 *B. 0.259 C. 1.0 D. 0.296
37. An air compressor has a suction volume of 0.35 m3/sec t 97 KPa and discharges
SOLUTION:
to 650 KPa. How much power saved by the compressor of there are two stages?
A. 18.27 KW B. 16.54 KW C. 13.86 KW ∆ s = m R T ln(V2/V1)
*D. 11.58 KW 0.462 = 5 (53.33/778) ln (V2/V1)
V2/V1 = 3.85
SOLUTION:
V1/V2 = 1/3.85 = 0.259
nP 1V 1 42. Find the work posses for a Helium gas at 200C
W= [(P2/P1)n-1/n – 1] = (1.4 x 97 x 0.35)/(1.4 -1)
n−1
[(650/97)1.4-1/1.4 – 1] = 85.79 KW *A. 609 KJ/kg B. 168 KJ/kg C. 229 KJ/kg D. 339 KJ/kg
For two stages :
Px = (P1P2)1/2 = (97 x 650)1/2 = 251.097 KPa Solution:
W = m R T = m (8.314 / M) T
 For helium, M = 4 Solution:
W/m = (8.314/4)(20 + 273) = 609 KJ/kg Q = 100 x G0.5 ft3/min
Q = 100 x (4)0.5 = 200 ft3/min

43. A 16,000KW geothermal plant has a generator efficiency and turbine efficiency 46. If the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration system is 12.6, what is the COP
of 90% and 80%., respectively if the quality after throttling is 20% and each well of the system?
discharges 400, 000 kg/hr, determine the number of wells are required to produce if *A. 3.69 B. 4.23 C. 5.92 D. 6.83
the charge of enthalpy if the change of enthalpy at entrance and exit of turbine is Solution:
500KJ/kg. EER = 3.412 COP
A. 4 wells *B. 2 wells C. 6 wells 12.6 = 3.412 COP
D. 8 wells COP = 3.69
SOLUTION:
WT = ms(h3 – h4) 47. Determine the number of stages needed for a centrifugal pump if it is used to
16,000 = ms (500) deliver 400 gal/min of water and pump power of 15 Hp. Each impeller develops a
0.9(0.8) head of 30 ft.
ms = 44.44 kg/sec A. 6 B. 4 *C. 5 D. 7
ms = 160,000 kg/hr SOLUTION:
160,000 = 0.20 mg Wp = w Q h
mg = 800,000 kg/hr 15 x 0.746 = 9.81(400 gal/min x 0.00785m3/gal x 1/60)h
No. of wells = 800,000/400,000 = 2 wells h = 45.20 m x 3.281 ft/m = 148.317 ft
44. Carnot cycle A, B and C are connected in series so that the heat rejected from A Number of stages = 148.317/40 = 4.94 stages = 5 stages
will be the heat added to B and heat rejected from B will be added to C, each cycle 48. The initial condition of air in an air compressor is 98 KPa and 27C and discharge
operates between 30 ˚C and 400 ˚C. If heat added to A is 1000 kw, find the work air at 450 KPa. The bpre and stroke are 355 mm and 381 mm, respectively with
output of C. percent cleared of 8% running at 300 rpm. Find the volume of air at suction.
*A. 111.44 kw B. 549.78 kw C. 247.53 kw A. 541.62 m3/hr B. 551.62 m3/hr C. 561.62 m3/hr *D.
D. 141.89 kw 571.62 m3/hr
Solution:
SOLUTION:
e1 = e2 = e3 = (400 – 30)/(400 + 273) = 54.98 %
ev = 1 + c – c(P2/P1)1/n = 1 + 0.08 - 0.08(450/98)1/1.4 = 0.842
e1 = W1/QA1 = (QA1 – QR1)/QA1
0.5498 = (1000 – QR1)/1000 VD = π /4 D2 LN = π /4 (0.355)2 (0.381)(300/60) = 0.1885 m3/sec
QR1 = 450.22 = QA2 V1 = 0.1885(0.842) = 0.15878 m3/sec = 571.62 m3/hr
0.5498 = (450.22 – QR2)/450.22 49. A water cooler uses 50 lb/hr of melting ice to cool running water from 80℉ to
By heat balance: 42℉ . Based on te inside coil area, U1 = 110 Btu/hr-ft2-℉ . Find the gpm of water
Qgain = Qloss cooled.
mw cp (tb- ta) = mg cpg (t2-t1) A. 0.10 GPM B. 0.21 GPM *C.
(0.30)(4.187)( tb – 15) = (0.5)(1.0717)(150 – 80)
0.38 GPM D. 0.45 GPM
tb = 44.86 oC
SOLUTION:
Q = mf L = mwcpw(t1 – t2)
50 (144) = mW(1)(80-42)
45. Compute the air flow in ft3/min of mechanical ventilation required to exhaust an mw = 189.474 lb/hr
accumulation of refrigerant due to leaks of the system capable of revolving air from V = (189.474/62.4) (7.48/60) = 0.38 GPM
the machinery room for a mass of 4 lbs refrigerant.
*A. 200 B. 210 C. 220 D. 230
 W = 62.57 KW
Q = heat loss = mcp(t2 – t1) = (10.9/3600)(4.187)(21 – 15) 0.075 KW
Brake power = W + Q = 62.57 + 0.076 = 62.65 KW

50. The suction pressure of a pump reads 3 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge 54. Copra enters a dryer containing 70% moisture and leaves at 7% moisture. Find
pressure reads 140 psi is use to deliver 120 gpm of water with specific volume of the moisture removed on each pound on solid in final product.
0.0163 ft3/lb. Determine the pump work. A. 6.258 lb B. 1.258 lb C. 4.258 lb *D. 2.258 lb
A. 4.6 KW B. 5.7 KW *C. 7.4 KW D. 8.4 KW Solution:
SOLUTION: Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
P1 = -3 in Hg x 101.325/29.92 = -10.16 KPa 0.3x = 1
P2 = 140 psi x 101.325/14.7 = 965 KPa x = 3.333 lbs
w = 1/v = 1/0.163 = 61.35 lb/ft3 x 9.81/62.3 = 9.645 KN/m3 1 = 0.93y
h = (P2 – P1)/w = (965 +10.16)/9.645 = 101.105 m y = 1.07527 lb
Q = 120 gal/min x 3.785/1gal x 1m3/1000li x 1/60 = 0.00757 m3/sec Moisture removed = x – y = 3.333 – 1.07527 = 2.258 lb
P = w Q h = 9.645(0.00757)(101.105) = 7.38 KW 55. A two stage air compressor has an intercooler pressure of 4 kg/cm2. What is the
51. A Pelton type turbine has 25 m head friction loss of 4.5 m. The coefficient of discharge pressure if suction pressure is 1 kg/cm2?
friction head loss (from Moorse) is 0.00093 and penstock length of 80 m. What is 16 kg/cm2 12 kg/cm2 14 kg/cm2 18 kg/cm2
the penstock diameter?
*A. 1,355.73 mm B. 3,476.12 mm C. 6771.23 mm SOLUTION:
D. 1686.73 mm Px = (P1P2)1/2
SOLUTION: Px2 = P1(P2)
h =25- 4.5 = 20.5 42 = 16 kg/cm2
v = √(2gh) = [(2 x 9.81 x 20.5)1/2] = 20.55 m/sec
hL = (2fLv2)/gD
4.5 = (2)(0.00093)(80)(20.055)2 / 9.81D
D = 1,355,730 m = 1,355.73 mm
52. Compute the free-aperture cross section in m2 for the ventilation of a machinery 56. A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24-hour period, the
room if the mass of refrigerant is 9 kg. plant consumed 240 gallons of fuel at 28°C and produced 3930 KW-hr. Industrial
A. 0.314 *B. 0.414 C. 0.514 D. 0.614 fuel used is 28°API and was purchased at P30 per liter at 15.6°C. What is the cost of
Solution: the fuel be to produce one KW-hr?
F = 0.138 G0.5 m2 *A. P6.87 B. P1.10 C. P41.07 D. P5.00
F = 0.138 (9)0.5 = 0.414 m2 SOLUTION:
SG 15.6C = 141.5/(131.5 + 28) = 0.887
53. A water-jacketed air compressed handles 0.343 m3/s of air entering at 96.5 KPa Density at 15.6°C = 0.887(1kg/li) = 0.887 kg/li
and 21C and leaving at 460 KPa and 132C; 10.9 kg/h of cooling water enters the SG 28C = 0.887[1-.0007(1 – 15.6)] = .879
jacket at 15C and leaves at 21C. Determine the compressor brake power. Density at 28°C = 0.879(1 kg/li) = 0.879 kg/li
A. 26.163 KW *B. 62.650 KW C. 34.44 KW V28C / V15.6C = SG15.6C / SG28C
D. 19.33 KW 240 / V15.6C = 0.887 / 0.879
SOLUTION: V15.6C = 237.835 gallons x 3.785 li/gal = 900.21 li
T2/T1 = (P2/P1) n-1/n Cost = [(30)(900.21)] / 3930 = P6.87/KW-hr
(132+273) / (21+273) = (480/96.5)n-1/n
n = 1.249
W = (1.249 x 96.5 x 0.343) / (1.249-1) [(480 / 96.5)1.249-1/1.249 – 1]
 P = 97.85 kpa

57. The gas density of chimney is 0.75 kg/m3 and air density of 1.15 kg/m3. Find 62. A 200 mm x 250 mm, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine has a brake power of
the driving pressure if the height of chimney is 63.71 m. 150 kw. The mechanical efficiency is 80%. If two of the cylinders were accidentally
A. 0.15 kpa *B. 0.25 kpa C. 0.35 kpa D. 0.45 kpa cut off, what will be the new friction power?
SOLUTION: A. 31.50 kw B. 33.50 kw C. 35.50 kw *D. 37.50 kw
hw = H(da – dg) = 63.71(1.15 – 0.75) (0.00981) = 0.25 kpa Solution:
em = BP/IP
58. A thermal power plant has a heat rate of 11,363 Btu/kw-hr. Find the thermal 0.8 = 150/IP
efficiency of the plant. IP = 187.5 kw
A. 28 % *B. 30 % C. 34 % D. 40 % FP1 = IP – BP = 187.5 – 150 = 37.50 kw
Solution: FP1 = FP2 = 37.50 kw
eth = 3412/heat rate = 3412/11,363 = 30%
63. A diesel cycle has a cut off ratio of 2.5 and expansion ratio of 4. Find the
59. Compute the maximum length of the discharge pipe installed on the outlet of a clearance of the cycle.
pressure-relief device in feet for internal pipe diameter of 0.5 inch and rated A. 9.11 % B. 5.55 % *C. 11.11 %
discharge capacity is 8 lb/min of air. The rated pressure of relief valve is 16 psig. D. 15.15 %
*A. 0.286 ft B. 0.386 ft C. 0.486 ft D. 0.586 ft Solution:
Solution: rk = rc re
P = Pg + Patm = 16 x 1.1 + 14.7 = 32.3 psia rk = 2.5(4) = 10
L = 9P2d5/16Cr2 = 9(32.3)2(0.5)5/16(8)2 = 0.286 ft rk = (1 + c)/c
10 = (1 + c)/c
60. A 3-stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 700 kpa. Find the c = 11.11 %
intercooler pressure between the 2nd and 3rd stage.
*A. 365.88 kpa B. 375.88 kpa C. 64. A steam pipe having a surface temperature of 250C passes through a room where
385.88 kpa D. 395.88 kpa the temperature is 27 C. The outside diameter of pipe is 100 mm and emissivity
Solution: factor is 0.8. Calculate the radial heat loss for 3 m pipe length.
Px = (P12P2)1/3 A. 1434.7 W B. 37.46 W *C. 2651.82 W D.
Px = [(100)2(700)]1/3 = 191.28 kpa 3545.45 W
Px/P1 = Py/Px
SOLUTION:
Py = Px2/P1 = (191.28)2/100 = 365.88 kpa
A = π DL = π ( 0.10 ) (3) = 0.425m2
61. The actual velocity of gas entering in a chimney is 8 m/sec. The gas temperature Solving for heat due to radiation:
is 25C with a gas constant of 0.287 KJ/kg-K. Determine the gas pressure for a mass Tg = 250 +273 = 523K
of gas is 50,000 kg/hr and chimney diameter of 1.39m. T2 = 27 +273 = 300K
A. 95 kpa *B. 98 kpa C. 101 kpa D. 92 kpa Qa = 20,408.4 x 104 AF(T14 – T24), J/hr = 20,408.4 x 104(0.8)(0.7539)
SOLUTION: [(523)4 – (300)4]
Vg = A x v = π / 4 (1.39)2(8) = 12.139 m3/s Qr = 10,266,539.06 j/hr x 1hr/3600sec = 2851.82 W
PgVg = mgRgTg
P(12.139) = (50,000/3600)(.287)(25 +273)
 eT = wa Q h/BP
0.75 = (1.18 x 0.00981)(1.42)(30.06) / BP
BP = 0.6588 KW
ep = wa Q hs/BP = (1.18 x 0.00981)(1.42)(21.52) / 0.6588 = 53.69%

65. A turbo-charged, 16 cylinder, Vee-type diesel engine has an air consumption of

3,000 kg/hr per cylinder at rate load and speed. This air is drawn in through a filter 68. Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane at 280 kpa and 40˚C.
by a centrifugal compressor directly connected to the exhaust gas turine. The A. 6.47 kg B. 5.1 kg C. 10.20 kg *D. 9.47 kg
temperature of the air from the compressor is 135C and a counter flow air cooler Solution:
reduces the air temperature to 45C before it goes to the engine suction heater. Propane is C3 H3--------------M = 12(3) + 8(1) = 44
Cooling water enters air cooler at 30C and leaves at 40C. Calculate the log mean PV = m R T
temperature difference. 280(2) = m (8.314/44)(40 + 273)
A. 47.23C B. 87.82C *C. 43.34C D. 65.24C m = 9.47 kg
SOLUTION:
∆ t a = 45-30 = 15C 69. A steam turbine with 85% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 Mpa and 550oC
and exhausts as 20 Kpa. Determine the turbine work.
∆ t b = 135 – 40 = 95C At 7 Mpa and 550oC: h1 = 3530.9 Kj/kg
∆ t mean = [∆ t a - ∆ t b] / [ln(∆ t a¿ ∆ t b)] = [95-15] / ln(95/15) = 43.34C s1 = 6.9486
At 20 Kpa (0.020 Mpa): sf = 0.8320 hf = 251.4 sfg
66. A 305 mm x 457 mm four stroke single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 KW = 7.0766 hfg = 2358.3
at 260 rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.56 kg/KW-hr with a heating value of A. 1,117 KJ/kg B. 1,132 KJ/ kg C. 1,123.34 KJ/ kg *D. 1,054.95
43,912 KJ/kg. Calculate brake thermal efficiency KJ/kg
A. 10.53% B. 27.45% *C. 14.64% D. SOLUTION:
18.23% s1 = s2 = sf + xsfg
6.9486 = 0.8320 + x(7.0766)
SOLUTION:
x = 0.8643
mf = 0.56 kg/KW-hr x 150 KW = 84 kg/hr = 0.0233 kg/sec
h2 = 251.40 + 0.8643(2358.3) = 2289.78 KJ/kg
Brake Power 150 h1 - h2a
Brake thermal efficiency = = =14.64 %
mfQh 0.0233(43,912) eST = h1 – h2
67. A fan pressure of 2.54 cm of water t 1.42 m3 per second of air at static pressure 0.85 =3530.9 – h2a
of 2.54 cm of water through a duct 300 mm diameter and discharges it through a 3530.9 – 2289.78
duct 275 mm diameter. Determine the static fan efficiency if total fan mechanical is h2a = 2475.95 KJ/kg
WT = h1 = h2a = 3530.9 – 2475.95 = 1,054.95 KJ/kg
75% and air measured at 25℃ and 60 mm Hg.
70. A steam generator with economizer and air heater has an overall draft loss of
A. 50.11% *B. 53.69% C. 65.67% 25.78 cm of water. If the stack gases are at 177C and if the atmosphere is at 101.3
D. 45.34% Kpa and 26C, what theoretical height of stack in meters is needed when no draft fan
SOLUTION: are used? Assume that the gas constant for the flue gases is the same as that for air.
wA = P/RT = 101.325/(0.287)(25 + 273) = 1.18 kg/m3 A 611.10 B. 631.10 *C.651.10 D.671.10
hA = hwww/wA = (0.0254)(1000)/1.18 = 21.52 m SOLUTION:
vA = 1.42/( π /4)(0.3)2 = 20.09 m/s w = P/RT
Vd = 1.42/( π /4)(0.275)2 = 23.9 m/s da = (101.325)/[(.287)(26 + 273)] = 1.180 kg/m3
dg = (101.3)/[(0.287)(177 +273)] = 0.784 kg/m3
hv = (23.9)2 – (20.09)2 / 2(9.81) = 8.54 m
Draft = (0.2578)(1000) = 257.80 kg/m3
h = ha + hv = 21.52 + 8.54 = 30.06 m
Draft = H(da – dw)
257.80 = H(1.18 – 0.784)
H = 651.10 m

71. A steam turbine receives 5,000 kg/hr of steam at 5 Mpa and 4000oc and velocity 75. In Francis turbine, the pressure gage leading to the turbine casing reads 380 Kpa.
of 30 m/sec. It leaves the turbine at 0.06 Mpa and 85% quality and velocity of 15 The velocity of water entering the turbine is 8 m/sec, if net head of the turbine is 45
m/sec. Radiation loss is 10,000 KJ/hr. Find he KW developed. m, find the distance from center of spiral casing to the tailrace.
At 5 Mpa and 400oC: h1 = 3195.7 KJ/kg s1 =6.6459 *A. 3.0 m B. 3.5 m C. 4.0 m D. 4.5m
At 0.006 Mpa: hf = 151.53 hfg = 2415.9 SOLUTION :
A. 1273.29 B. 2173.29 *C. 1373.60
D. 7231.29 P
SOLUTION: h= + z +¿ V2/2g
h2 = hf + xhfg = 151.53 + 0.85(2415.9) = 2205.045 KJ/ kg w
KE1 = ½ m v2 = ½ (5,000/3600)(30)2 = 625 W = 0.625 KW 45 = (380/9.81) + z + [82/(2 x 9.81)]
KE2 = ½ m v2 = ½ (5,000/3600)(15)2 = 156.25 W = 0.15625 KW z=3m
By energy balance: 76. A single acting compressor has a volumetric efficiency of 89%, operates at 500
KE1 + mh1 = KE2 + mh2 + Q + W rpm. It takes in air at 900 KPa and 30C and discharges it at 600 KPa. The air
W = (KE1 – KE2) + m(h1-h2) – Q handled is 8 m3/min measured at discharge condition. If compression is isentropic,
5000 10,000 find mean effective pressure in KPa.
W = (0.625 – 0.156) + (3600)(3195.7 – 2205.045) – 3600 = 1373.60 KW *A. 233.34 B. 973.17 C. 198.34 D. 204.82
SOLUTION:
72. Find the loss of head in the pipe entrance if speed of flow is 10 m/s. P1V1K = P2V2K
A. 5.10 m B. 10.2 m C. 17.4 m *D. 2.55 m 100(V11.4) = 600(6)1.4
Solution: V1 = 28.768 m3/min
Loss at entrance = 0.5 (v2/2g) = 0.5 [102 / 2(9.81)] = 2.55 m VD = 28.768/0.89 = 32.32 m3/min
W = n P1V1/n-1 x [(P2 / P1)n-1/n – 1] = [(1.4 x 100 x 32.32)/(1.4 – 1)] x
73. Two kilogram of gas is confined in a 1 m3 tank at 200 kpa and 880C. What type [(600/100)1.4-1/1.4 – 1]
of gas is in the tank? W = 7562.19 KJ/min
A. Helium *B. Ethane C. Methane D. Ethene W = Pm x Vd
Solution: 7562.19 = Pm x 32.32
PV=mRT Pm = 233.34 KPa
200 (1) = 2 (8.314/M)(88+273)
M = 30 77. Find the heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 30˚C to 100˚C with
Therefore: the gas is Ethane (C2 H6) 60% quality. Consider an atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kpa. Use the approximate
74. What is the approximate value of temperature of water having enthalpy of 208 enthalpy formula of liquid.
Btu/lb? A. 293.09 KJ/kg B. 1,772.90 KJ/kg C. 1,547.90 KJ/kg *D.
A. 138.67˚C *B. 115.67˚C C. 258.67˚C D. 1,647.29 KJ/kg
68.67˚C Solution:
Solution: At 100˚C
h = ˚F – 32 ht = cp t = 4.187 (100) = 418.7 KJ/kg
208 = F – 32 htg = 2257 KJ/kg
˚F = 240 ˚F = 115.55 ˚C h2 = h1 + x htg = 418.7 + 0.60(2257) = 1,772.9 KJ/kg
 Q = 1(4.187)(100 – 30) + 1(1772.9 – 418.7) = 1,647.29 KJ/kg

A two stage air compressor

compresses air at 100 KPa and 22C discharges to 750
KPa. If intercooler intake is 105C. Determine the value of
n.
78. A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm capacity is
installed in a well 27 feet below the static water level and running at 3000 rpm.
Drawdown when pumping at rated capacity is 10 feet. The pump delivers the water
into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead storage tank. Total discharge head
developed by pump, including friction in piping is 243 feet. Calculate the diameter
of the impeller of this pump in inches if each impeller diameter developed a head of
38 ft.
A. 3.28 B. 5.33 *C. 3.71 D.
6.34
SOLUTION:
V=πDN
V = √ 2 gh
π D (3000/60) = (2(32.2)(38))1/2
D = 0.315 ft = 3.708 inches

79. Compute the amount of condensate form during 10 minutes warm-up of 180
meter pipe conveys the saturated steam with enthalpy vaporization hfg = 1,947.8
LJ/kg. The minimum external temperature of pipe is 2C. The final temperature of
pipe is 195C. The specific heat of pipe material is 0.6 KJ/kg-C. The specific weight
is 28 kg/m.
A. 249.69 kg B. 982.45 kg *C. 299.64 kg
D. 423.45 kg
SOLUTION:
mp = mass of pipe = 28(180) = 5,040 kg
Heat Loss by steam = Heat loss from pipe
m(hg - hf) = mpcp (t2 – t1)
m(1947.8) = (5040)(0.6)(195-2)
m = 299.64 kg