Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

Tomas Claudio Colleges 4. An agency of a community or government that

Criminology Department is responsible for enforcing the law, maintaining
public order, preventing and detecting crime.
Compiled by: John Patrick B. De Jesus 5. In a narrower sense, POLICE denotes the
constitutionally created agency that exercises
Course Description: the power of the government concerning the
This course covers the organizational set-up of maintenance of tranquility, publigovernment’s
relevant various law enforcement and public safety constitutional power property and the protection
agencies, as a legal mandate, functions and of public health and morale.
responsibilities, and its functional relations,
coordination and cooperation with other law Organization- a group of persons working together for
enforcement and public safety agencies. a common goal or objectives a form of human
association for the attainment of a goal or objective the
Course Content: process of identifying and grouping the work to be
Prelim: performed, defining and delegating responsibility and
 History & Development of Law Enforcement authority, establishing relationships for the purpose of
and Public Safety Agencies enabling people work effectively
 History and Development of other Agencies
 Powers And Functions of Law Enforcement and Police Organization- a group of trained personnel in
Public Safety Agencies the field of public safety administration engaged in the
 Laws Governing Public Safety Agencies in The achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the
Philippines maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and
property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT OF LAW of crimes.
ENFORCEMENT AND PUBLIC SAFETY AGENCIES:
Administration- an organizational process concerned
Origin of the word “Police” with the implementation of objectives and plans and
 Police originated from the Greek Word internal operating efficiency connotes bureaucratic
“Politeia” which means government, structure and behavior, relatively routine decision-
citizenship, or the entire activity of a polis – a making and maintenance of the internal order
city.
 The term police came from the Greek word Police Administration, the process involved in
POLITEIA (government of a city), which was ensuring strict compliance, and proper obedience of
used to describe the group of civil officers laws and related statutes focus on the policing process
governing the city and not necessarily the or how law enforcement agencies are organized and
armed guarding or policing the city managed in order to achieve the goals of law
 Roman changed it from Politeia to “Politia” – a enforcement most effectively, efficiently, and
Roman Word meaning condition of a state, productively
government and administration.
 French changed the word from Politia to LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
“Police” – which means a person who enforced  The term Law Enforcement Agency is broader,
the law and it was later adopted by the English that includes other agencies under the
Language. executive branch of the government in
 OFFICER DE LA PAIX - a French term that charge of the execution or enforcement of laws.
claimed to be the origin of the term police
officer. DIFFERENT POLICE ACTIVITIES
 Prevention of crime is intended to prevent root
The meaning of POLICE causes of crime.
1. The internal organization or regulation of a  Repression or suppression of crime is done to
state. reduce the opportunity of committing a crime like
2. Denotes the power of the government the act of conducting patrol.
3. Refers exclusively to that body of armed men  Apprehending offenders is also known as
which as an institution, is capable of exercising arresting offenders.
its duties by armed physical forces in the  Conduct search and seizure; • Investigation of
preservation and detention of crime and the crime; and • Protection of lives and property.
execution of laws.

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

PRE-SPANISH PERIOD TO AMERICAN COLONIAL he established rules for his Kingdom that
PERIOD designated not only offenses but punishment as
well.
INTRODUCTION:  The principle of the code was that “the strong
 Historians believe that law enforcement began shall not injure the weak”.
unnoticed.  Hammurabi originated the legal principle Lex
 It started in the protection of the interest of the Taliones – the “an eye for an eye, tooth for a
families, clans, and tribes and finally end up in tooth” doctrine.
nations or states.
 Law Enforcement certainly had its beginning in Ancient Egypt
the last centuries of pre-history.  The early Egyptians established laws and
 “SELF-POLICING METHOD” became necessary courts and a rudimentary rule of law. The first
 As the population increased, the concept of self- accounts of a developing court system
policing proved inadequate and so deteriorated. originated in Egypt in approximately 1500 BC.
 Apparently, the “folkways” and “mores” were not  The court system was presided by judges
being complied with; thus, they become appointed by the Pharaoh.
ineffectual as a means of “SOCIAL CONTROL”.  They later organized marine patrols and
 Scholars attributed to the Babylonian King customhouses to protect commerce.
Hammurabi, the set of oldest codified laws,
known as the “Code of Hammurabi”. The code Ancient Greece
was considered as the foundation of the  The Greeks had an impression of law
Development not only of Law but also of Law enforcement called the EPHORI. Each year at
Enforcement. Sparta, a body of Ephors was elected and
given almost unlimited powers as an
Ancient Informal Policing investigator, judge, jury and executioner. These
 Kin’s Policing – pre-tribal era (3000BC-400 AD) five men also presided over the Senate and
ancient system of Law enforcement was held by Assembly assuring that their rules and decreed
all citizens. were followed.
 Warriors Policing - during the tribal society  From the Greek Philosopher PLATO, who lived
 King’s Policing – when Kings reigned as rulers from 427 to 347 BC, came the idea that
of nations punishment should serve the purpose other
than simple retaliation.
Ancient History of Police
 Medjay – a civil police headed by Egyptian Ancient Rome
military officer and the 1st group to use Police  The Romans had a highly developed system to
Dogs on patrol administer justice.
 Vigiles – a civilian in Rome armed with staves  The 12 Tabulae (12 Tables) were the first
and short sword to maintain Peace and to fight written laws of the Roman Empire.
fires  It deals with legal procedures, property
 Anglo-Saxon – a member of the Germanic tribes ownership, building codes, marriage
which settled in England in the 5th century A.D. customs and punishment for crimes.
and the 1st to conquer England
Ancient Rome (Reign of Emperor Augustus)
Ancient Law Enforcement 1. The Praetorian Guard, consisted of about
The Sumerians 7000 men/soldiers to protect the palace and the
 The earliest record of ancient people’s needs to city of Rome
standardize rules and methods of enforcement to 2. The Urban Cohorts to patrol the city.
control human behavior dates back to 3. The Vigiles who were assigned as firefighters
approximately 2300 BC, when the Sumerian and eventually given law enforcement
rulers LIPITHSTAR and ESHUMMA set responsibilities. The Vigiles sometimes kept
standards on what constituted an offense against the peace very ruthlessly, hence the word
society. Vigilantes.]

The Babylonians Code Ancient Rome

 The Code of King Hammurabi (2100 BC) – Another important event was the time of Justinian I,
during the time of Babylonian King Hammurabi, ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire (AD 527-265) who

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

collected all Roman Laws and put it into his Justinian detected, an alarm was sounded, through the use
Code – they became known as the Corpus Juris of the oldest known warning device, the HORN.
Civilis which means Body of Law. As they heard the sound all residents must
help to capture the captives and when found
Early Policing in England guilty, punishment follow. Anybody who will not
help in the pursuit of the felon shall be considered
Frankpledge System as part of the escaping felon and shall also be
 Earliest police system in England. punished.
 Groups of ten families called “tithings” agreed to  Royal Judge: The identification of the criminal
uphold the law, maintain order and commit to was done or started here and the punishment
court those who had violated the law. must be suited to the crime that the person
 Every male above the age of twelve was required committed.
to be part of the system  Trial by Ordeal: The process of actually inflicting
Bow Street Runners (London) pain to all suspects purposely to determine who
 Composed of amateur volunteers whose the real suspect is. It is a belief that if you are
approach is more of prevention aspect. guilty God will not save you and if you are not
 Founded by Henry Fielding (died in 1754) and guilty God will save you miraculously regardless
continued by his half-brother John Fielding. “Thief of what ordeal.
Catchers”
The Norman Period of Policing System (1066-
EARLY SYSTEM OF POLICING (PERIODS OF 1285)
POLICING)  Shire – Reeve System: (King Norman, Ruler of
England)
Periods of Policing  King William of Normandy divided England into
1. The Anglo-Saxon Period (600-1066) 55 shire or district and each headed by a Reeve.
2. The Norman Period of Policing System  “Shire” refers to a District in England while
(1066-1285)  “Reeve” refers to the head of a district which later
3. The Westminster Period of Policing System changed to “sheriff”.
(1285-1500)  Reeve was the ruler who made laws, pass
4. The Modern Policing System (1500 –early judgment, and impose punishment. He was
18th Century) assisted by a Constable (forerunner of the word
constabulary).
Anglo-Saxon Period (600-1066 A.D.)
Thanes Policing System – was introduced by King The Travelling Judge:
Alfred the Great.  Refers to the person responsible for giving
 A type of internal police force where landowners judgment. He travels to pass any judgment
throughout the kingdom were responsible to coming from a certain ruler to another district or
police their own territory. shire where the offender resides.
 Landowners were empowered to arrest offenders
and deliver them to the king. The Norman Period of Policing System (1066-1285)
 The landowners were also empowered to settle Court of the Tourn
civil litigations.  Settles cases, petty offenses and civil matters.
Frankpledge Policing System – mutual pledge.  12 tythingmen selected to hear cases.
 12 years old male joined nine (9) of his neighbors Court Leet
to form tythingmen. (10 tythingmen)  Established by Normans, looked for matters of
 Tythingmen performs police works, anyone who local interests and petty village nuisances.
failed to join was severely fined.  Head “Master of the house” was appointed by
 Policing responsibility lies on the hands of the King.
citizens.  Comes Stable – appointed by king and under
 Tun Policing System – tun (“town”) : They the responsibility of Local officials, responsible
gather all able bodied male residents to guard in keeping peace and order in a specific area.
their livestock against wild animals and intruder. Leges Henrici (passed during the time of King
 Hue and Cry: An Ancient Saxon practice that Henry I)
invaders brought to England. When a person  Offenses were classified against the king and
commits a crime or a felon escaped and it was individual;
 Police became public officials;

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

 Police and citizens have the broad power to

arrest; The American Police System
 Grand jury was created to inquire on facts of the  Policing system in America followed the model
law. developed in England, New York, Boston and
The Magna Carta (Great Charter) Philadelphia organized their night watchmen,
 No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned, which was similar to the bellmen created in
disposed or outlawed except by legal judgment London during the reign of King Charles II.
of his peers;  These night watchmen were known as
 No person shall be held for trial for the crime of RATTLEWATCH because they carried rattle
murder without the proof of the body of the while on duty to inform the public of their
victim; watchful presence.
 Beginning of national and local government as  In 1638, night-watch was initiated in Boston,
well as national and local legislation. Massachusetts.
 In 1658, a rattle-watch was organized in New
The Westminster Period of Policing System (1285- York.
1500)  Night watch started in Philadelphia in 1700.
 Statute of 1295 – start of curfew hour  In 1722, New Haven had a police regulation
 Justice of the Peace – they are task to arrest, that “No watchman will have the liberty to
pursue and imposed imprisonment. sleep.”
 Star Chamber Court – special court which  In 1800, it became a government policy that
tries only crimes committed against State able-bodied males over 16 years old were
 Parish Constable System (1255) – all citizens required to serve without pay.
were required to pursue criminals under the  New York City police began to adopt a full
directions of the constable up to 18th C. police uniform in 1856.
 1833 was the advent of daytime police with
THE MODERN POLICING SYSTEM pay.
 This period came to the limelight when a bill  Texas Rangers was organized in 1835. Texas
creating the Scotland Yard (Metropolitan Rangers are a corps of armed and mounted
Police Act) was passed by the Parliament of lawmen designed to “range and guard the
England (1829). frontier between the Brazos and Trinity
 It was sponsored and expanded by SIR Rivers.”
ROBERT PEEL who was made to be the first  In 1865, Massachusetts organized a force of
head of the police organization. state constables.
 He was referred as the “Father of Modern  The Pennsylvania State Police came into
Policing System” due to his contributions in existence in 1905.
the modernization of the police force.
 Sir Robert Peel formulated various principles Early History and Evolution of the Police Force in
and rules of action in the organization and the Philippines
administration of the Scotland Yard which most
modern police agencies in the world have The Tribal Practice
adopted and practices.  Historically, the forerunners of the
contemporary police system were the practice
The French Police System of the headman to selectable-bodied male
 During the 17th century in France, King Louis residents to protect their villages, not from the
XIV maintained a small central police lawless elements, but from wild animals which
organization consisting of some 40 inspectors prey or attacks their crops and livestock during
who, with the help of numerous paid the night.
informants, supplied the government with  These young men who patrolled their village
details about the conduct of private individuals. during the night were not required to work in the
fields however, their shares of the harvest were
 In Paris, the position OFFICERS DE LA PAIX equal to those of the others who tilled the farms
was formed in 1791. This was the origin of the since one of the functions of the police is to
term Peace Officers. The French were the protect the properties of the people, it can be
first to establish uniformed police officers – they considered that the duty of these selected able-
were called SERGENT de VILLE (servant of bodied young men to protect their crops and
the city).

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

livestock from wild animals was actually a  By Royal decree of December 20, 1842, it was
police duty. organized and called Cuerpo de Carabineros
The Barangay (Balangay) Period de Seguridad Publica (Corps of Carabines for
 Prior to Spanish colonization, the Philippines Public Safety).
was divided into political units called the  This was the 1st group to be arm with rifle in
Barangay. Each barangay was headed or ruled the history of Philippine Police System.
by a Datu whose responsibility, aside from The Guardia Civil
exercising all the powers – executive, legislative  This was created by a Royal Decree issued by
and judicial was to maintain peace and order the Crown on February 12, 1852, to partially
within his jurisdiction. relieve the Spanish Peninsula troops of their
 The Datu designated from among his warriors a work in policing towns. It consisted of a body of
chief warrior who, together with some Filipino policemen organized originally in each
subordinates were charged with the duty to of the provincial capitals of the central province
enforce the decrees, customs and traditions as of Luzon under the Alkalde.
well as practices and usages. The chief warrior  This semi military police institution was armed
was then in effect the chief of police. as the Spanish Infantry, very Martial in
Appearance because of its bright and showy
Philippine Police during the Spanish Regime uniform and distinctly prominent insignia, plus a
The Police system under the Spaniards was rigidly maintained military bearing.
composed of four (4) institutions, namely:
 Cuadrillos The Guardia Civil Beterana
 Carabineros de Seguridad Publica  In 1860, Manila has established a local police
 Guardia Civil force composed partially of non-military
 Guardia Civil Beterana personnel. This was in line with Spanish reform
in colonial civil administration.
The Cuadrillos or Guardrilleros  The significant police reform was the division of
 This was a body of rural police organized in the city into three (3) police districts with a
each town and established by the Royal decree “Comisario” (Deputy of Police) which rendered
of January 8, 1836. This act provides that 5% of service on the call of the local authorities,
the able-bodied-male residents of each town Manila by that time had two (2) police bodies,
were to be enlisted in this Police Organization namely: “The Cuerpo de Vigilancia Publica”
for three years. and “The Torcio Civil de Manila” in 1872, both
 At first, they were armed with lance, spare and police bodies were abolished and their stead
bolos but later on they were allowed to use was established the “Guardia Civil Beterana”.
firearms, most of which were, however, muzzle  This police organization was patterned after the
loading rifles. Guardia Civil.
 They were compensated for at least P3.00 a
month for 3 years while other progressive The Philippine Police during the American Regime
provinces received P4.00 to P5.00 a month.  On November 30, 1900, the Philippine
Commission headed by William H. Taft,
The Cuadrillos or Guardrilleros recommended to the Secretary of War, the
Basic Functions: organization of an Insular Police Force.
 They act as messenger.  The Philippine Commission passed Act No. 175
 To guard dark and unsafe places. on July 18, 1901, entitled “An Act providing for
 To make patrol. the Organization and Government of an
 To guard the municipal buildings and halls. Insular Constabulary”.
 Prison Guard.  It was changed to “Philippine Constabulary”
by virtue of Section 1, under Act No. 255, on
The Carabineros de Seguridad Publica October 2, 1901.
 This was organized in 1712 for the purpose of The Philippine Constabulary
carrying out the regulations of the department  The creation of PC is considered as a story of
of state. It was armed, as its name indicates American Pacification of the Philippines.
with carbines.  The major task of the PC was to quell the
 In 1781, it was given the special commission of revolution during the American Regime, thereby
government custodies of the tobacco taking the form of a quasi-military unit even
monopoly.

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

though it was conceived to become a police  After Gen Crame and nearing the PC’s 30th
unit. years of existence, the PC was confronted by
 The formal establishment of the PC took place the birth of a new menace – the communist
on August 8, 1901. insurgents. Strikes were common occurrence in
cities nationwide.
The Philippine Constabulary
 The first enlisted personnel strength was 2,500 The merging of PC with the Philippine Army
recorded on December 15, 1901 under the  The control of PC was transferred to the Phil
command of HENRY TUREMEN ALLEN, the Army on January 11, 1936 with the creation of
first PC Chief and an 1882 graduate of the US the National Defense Act, thus ending the 35
Military Academy. years of existence of the PC as an insular
 Allen focused on the suppression of rebellion police force.
and maintenance of peace and order.  The PC became the Constabulary Division of
 In 1902, Allen introduced the Mounted the Philippine Army, supervised by a Provost
Constables as part of the campaign against Marshall General
insurgents. They used horses from China and  The transfer completed on January 21, 1936
launched the first Polo Sport in Manila. under the command B/GEN JOSE DELOS
 PC maintained and operated telephone and REYES.
cable services until 1906 when these were
turned over to the Bureau of Posts. The State Police Act (CA No. 88)
 On October 26, 1936, the STATE POLICE was
The Philippine Constabulary created thru CA No 88.
 The PC also acted as security personnel during  It consolidated all municipal and city police
the transfer of prisoners to and from different forces and provincial guards under the
penal colonies in the country. Department of Interior which took over the
 From 1901 to 1907, B/GEN HENRY ALLEN run duties of the PC.
the PC, and rose from the ranks.  It was later abolished by the National Assembly
on June 25, 1938 during the incumbency of
The Manila Police Department then President Manuel L. Quezon because it
 Act 183 created the Manila Police Department did not measure up to the standards of its
on July 31, 1901 (Charter of Manila) under the framers.
direct supervision of Governor Howard Taft
(The First Governor General and assumed his The National Police Force
office on July 4, 1901).  The Constabulary Division was then separated
The Manila Police Department from the Philippine Army right after the abolition
 Capt. George Curry: US Army Officer was of State Police in June 25, 1938 and was
appointed as the First Chief of Police of Manila. constituted as the NATIONAL POLICE FORCE
 Capt. Columbus E. Piatt: the last American placed under the supervision of the Department
Chief of Police of Manila in 1935. of Interior under the command of MAJ GEN
 Col. Antonio C. Torres - The First Filipino GUILLERMO B. FRANCISCO (1938-1942).
Chief of Police of Manila.
 Col. Lamberto T. Javalera – appointed by the JAPANESE OCCUPATION THROUGH THE
President as the first Chief of Police of Manila MODERN ERA
during the Commonwealth with Manuel Roxas The Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)
as the President.  Gen Francisco directed his men to continue
providing security during the outbreak of war.
The Filipinization of the PC  The First Historical Battle against the Japanese
 During its 16th year of existence in 1917, the forces was fought by the Constabulary on
PC was placed under the leadership of December 9, 1941 in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Three (3)
Filipinos. Filipino officers (Maj Sergio Laurente, Lts.
 B/GEN RAFAEL DE TAGLE CRAME served as Enrique Domondon and Gregorio Villacorta)
the FIRST FILIPINO PC Chief (1917-1927). He and 7 enlisted men became the First Filipino
served with competence as PC Chief for ten Prisoners of War.
years, earning the respect of his men and even
the criminals he captured. The Kempeitai
The PC nearing its 30th Year

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

 Military Police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army The full restoration of PC
from 1881 to 1945.  On August 3, 1955, then President Ramon
 The First group of Japanese Force who arrived in Magsaysay restored FULL operational and
the Philippines as early as 1941. administrative control of the PC to the Chief of
 Kempetai “Law Soldier Regiment.” Constabulary.
 Westerners of 1930s generally called them  LT GEN MANUAL F. CABAL (1955-1958), who
“gendarmerie” was then the chief, was instrumental in
developing the organizational structure,
increasing the capabilities and strengths as well
 The Constabulary men fought to the last stand as improving the training methods, discipline and
until the Fall of Bataan and Corregidor and the morale of the entire corps.
surrender of the Friendly Forces on April 9, 1942.
 Those who refused to give up escaped to the hills The Beginning of Police Reformation and
and reorganized into various resistance groups. Professionalization in 1966
They become “underground” fighters or guerillas  Reformation and professionalization of the police
against the Japanese Authorities. service gained official recognition on September
 Gen Francisco’s term ended in 1942 since the 8, 1966, when Republic Act No. 4864, otherwise
Military and Police Units of the country were now known as the “Police Act of 1966” was enacted.
commanded by Japanese Authorities. This act served as the legal guidepost in initiating
 Japan occupied the Philippines for over three and undertaking at the national level much
years, until the surrender of Japan in 1945. needed reforms that resulted to a considerable
 Freedom from the Japanese was proclaimed in improvement in police performance and
July 04, 1945. efficiency.
 Liberation from the Japanese Occupation (1945)
 In 1945, B/GEN FEDERICO G OBOZA led the The Beginning of Police Reformation and
National Police Force after liberation from the Professionalization in 1966
Japanese.  To carry out the objectives of the act, the Police
Commission (POLCOM) was created under the
The Post-Independence Period Office of the President of the Philippines. But the
 In 1946, under the New Republic, the military was act, for all its merits, did not eliminate the various
designated as the AFP divided into the HQ, AFP negative factors that had been plaguing the police
(formerly, HQ Army of the Philippines; then forces.
subsequently named as Philippine Army), the The Marcos Regime
Philippine Ground Force (formerly the Military  Pres. Marcos’ regime spanned the period 1965-
Training Command), the Philippine Naval Patrol 1986. During his time, he worked for the
(formerly the Off-Shore Patrol, subsequently consolidation of the military as an integral
named Philippine Navy), and the Philippine Air component of the country’s economic agenda.
Force (formerly the Air Corps; then subsequently  In 1968, the Metropolitan Command
the Philippine Air Force). (METROCOM) was established to assist the local
 In 1946, MAJ GEN MARIANO N CASTAÑEDA police forces in the Greater Manila Area.
was appointed as the Chief of the Military Police
Command until 1948. The Birth of the Integrated National Police
 Integration was the great idea and proposal of
The Post-Independence Period then Manila Mayor Arsenio Lacson.
 However, the Military Police Command was  In compliance with said mandate, on August 8,
abolished on January 1, 1948 and the 1975, Presidential Decree No. 765 was enacted
Constabulary was reactivated, operating as a establishing and consulting the INTEGRATED
separate agency under the DI. However, EO no NATIONAL POLICE composed of the Philippine
389, united the PC with the AFP as one of its Constabulary as the nucleus and the Integrated
major commands. Police, Fire and Jail Services of the cities and
 With the reactivation of the Constabulary as one municipalities.
major command of AFP, B/GEN ALBERTO  Under the same decree, both the INP and the
RAMOS was named as Chief until 1950; then National Police Commission had been placed
transferred to B/GEN FLORENCIO SELGA under the supervision of the Department of
(1950-1955) National Defense.

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

The Martial Law Regime and The Police Service  After it’s signing on December 13, 1990, the PNP
(PC and INP) underwent transitory period.
 LT GEN FIDEL V RAMOS was the PC Chief from  On March 31, 1991, President Aquino named
1972-1975 (practically, He was the last Chief of P/DIR GEN CESAR P NAZARENO, as the First
PC before the PC-INP Integration) and eventually Director General of the PNP (1991-1992).
became DIRECTOR GENERAL of the INP when
INP was created in 1975 up to 1986. 1. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER
 He also took over the post as Acting Chief of Staff AGENCIES
of the AFP following the leave of absence of Gen  Creation of the Tri-Bureau under DILG
Fabian C Ver. (under RA 6975)
 GEN FIDEL V RAMOS was the longest serving  Sections 4-12, RA 6975 renamed and re-
Chief/Director General of the PC/INP whose organized the DILG;
period spanned for 14 years (1972-1986).  Sections 13-22, RA 6975 re-organized the
 The “People Power Revolt” NAPOLCOM.
 On August 21, 1983, Marcos’ key political  Sections 23-52, RA 6975 creates the PNP
opponent, then Sen. Benigno S. Aquino, was  Sections 53-59, RA 6975 creates the BFP
assassinated.  Sections 60-65, RA 6975 creates the BJMP
 The events that followed took unprecedented  Sections 66-68, RA 6975 creates the Philippine
turns in the history of the nation. Public Safety College (PPSC)
 Snap elections were held on February 7, 1986  The National Police Commission
and the historical “People Power Revolt” on (NAPOLCOM)
February 22, 1986. (Sec 13-22, RA 6975 as amended by Sec 4-11,
RA 8551)
The PC-INP nearing the birth of PNP  The NAPOLCOM is an agency attached to the
 Gen Fidel V Ramos, in an ironic twist of fate, DILG for policy and program coordination and
helped end Martial Law by defying the Marcoses exercises administrative control and operational
during the People Power Revolt. supervision over the Philippine National Police.
 Then President Corazon C Aquino took over the  It is composed of a chairperson, four (4) regular
government, appointed GEN FIDEL V RAMOS as Commissioners, and the Chief of PNP as ex-
the AFP Chief of Staff, paving way for LT GEN officio member.
RENATO S DE VILLA to be appointed as PC-INP  All of them shall be appointed by the President
Chief from 1986-1988. with the DILG Secretary as Ex officio
 MAJ GEN RAMON E MONTAÑO became the Chairperson.
last PC-INP Chief from 1988-1990.
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
The Birth of Philippine National Police (BJMP)
 The adoption of the New Constitution in 1987,  It was created on January 2, 1991 under RA
heralds the creation of a single national Police 6975.
Organization, which being a civilian in character  It was formerly called the “Office of Jail
shall be administered and controlled by the Management and Penology” (during PC/INP
national Police Commission. Section 6, Article 16 Days)
of the 1987 Constitution reads as follows:  DIRECTOR CHARLES S. MONDEJAR was the
 “The State shall establish and maintain one police first Chief of BJMP in 1991 with only about 500
force, which shall be national in scope and civilian personnel then.
in character to be administered and controlled by  The BJMP supervises the District, City and
a National Police Commission, the Authority of Municipal Jails in the country.
Local Executives over the police units in their  As of May 2018, a total of 482 jails are managed
jurisdiction shall be provided by law”. by the BJMP (179 District Jails, 95 City Jails,
124 Municipal Jails, 73 Female Dormitories
The Birth of Philippine National Police and 11 other jail classification).
 Republic Act No. 6975 approved on December
13, 1990, “An Act Establishing the PHILIPPINE The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
NATIONAL POLICE under a Reorganized  The BFP was created under RA 6975 founded on
Department of the Interior and Local Government, January 29, 1991.
and for other purposes”.

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

 Formerly known as the “PC - Fire Protection had been the backbone of the Philippine drug law
Bureau” and later renamed as “PC-INP Fire enforcement system.
Protection Service”.
 F/Brigadier General Ernesto Madriaga – first The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA):
acting Chief of BFP from 1991-1992 An overview
 Despite the efforts of various law enforcement
The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) agencies mandated to implement the law, the
Its primary functions are: drug problem alarmingly escalated.
 Prevention and Suppression of Destructive Fires.  The high profitability of the illegal drug trade,
 Enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines compounded by the then-existing laws that
(PD 1185 as repealed by RA 9514) and other imposed relatively light penalties to offenders,
related laws. greatly contributed to the gravity of the problem.
 Assist during a national emergency.  Recognizing the need to further strengthen
existing laws governing Philippine drug law
enforcement system, President Gloria M.
The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI): A Brief Arroyo signed Republic Act 9165, or the
History Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002,
 The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) saw its on June 7,2002 and it took effect on July 4,
inception on November 13, 1936 upon approval 2002. R.A. 9165 defines more concrete courses
of Commonwealth Act No. 181 by the of action for the national anti-drug campaign and
legislature. It was the brainchild of the late imposes heavier penalties to offenders.
President Manuel L. Quezon and Jose A. Yulo,  The enactment of RA 9165 reorganized the
then Secretary of Justice. Philippine drug law enforcement system. While
 Tasked with organizing a Division of Investigation the Dangerous Drug Board (DDB) remains as
or DI patterned after the United States Federal the policy-making body, it created the Philippine
Bureau of Investigation were Thomas Dugan, a Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) under the
veteran American police captain from the New Office of the President.
York Police Department and Flaviano C.  The new law also abolished the National Drug
Guerrero, the only Filipino member of the United Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating
States Federal Bureau of Investigation. Center, Philippine National Police Narcotics
 On the basis of stiff physical, mental, and moral Group, National Bureau of Investigation Narcotics
standards, 45 men were selected as agents from Unit, and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction
among 300 applicants. To complement this Office.
investigative force was a civilian staff composed  Personnel of these abolished agencies were to
of doctors, chemists, fingerprint technicians, continue to perform their tasks on detail service
photographers, stenographers, and clerks. with the PDEA subject to a rigid screening
 During the Japanese occupation, the DI was process.
affiliated with the Bureau of Internal Revenue and  The Bureau of Customs (BOC): An Overview
the Philippine Constabulary known as the Bureau  On February 4, 1965, the Bureau of Customs
of Investigation (BI). Subsequently, during the was reorganized pursuant to Customs
post-liberation period, all available DI agents were Administrative Order No. 4-65 by authority of
recruited by the US Army Counter Intelligence Sec. 550 & 551 of the Revised Administrative
Corps (CIC) as investigators. Code of Republic Act 4164.
 Since then, the Bureau assumed an increasingly  The BOC is headed by a commissioner and
significant role. Thus, on June 19, 1947, by virtue assisted by three (3) Assistants namely: Assistant
of RA No. 157, it was reorganized into the Bureau Commissioner for Revenue, Assistant
of Investigation. Later, it was amended by Commissioner for Security, and Director for
Executive Order No. 94 issued on October 4, Operations.
1947 renaming it to what it is presently known, the
National Bureau of Investigation (NBI). The Bureau of Customs (BOC): An overview
 In 1975, the Bureau undertook another
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA): reorganization under Presidential Decree No.
An overview 689.
 For thirty years, Republic Act 6425, otherwise  The last major reorganization of the Bureau took
known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, place in 1986 after the EDSA Revolution with the
issuance of Executive Order No. 127 which

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

expanded the organization umbrella of the Central Purpose pertinent Provisions of Republic Act No.
Office by providing offices that will monitor and 6975 and Republic Act No. 8551 and for Other
coordinate assessment and operations of the Purposes
Bureau and provided for a staff of about 5,500
customs personnel. Vision
 The BOC is under the umbrella of the Department  Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by 2030, We
of Finance. shall be a highly capable, effective and credible
police service working in partnership with a
Other LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES responsive community towards the attainment of
a safer place to live, work and do business.
Office of the President (OP)
 Presidential Security Group (PSG) Mission
 Metropolitan Manila Development Authority -  The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and
Traffic Enforcement Division (MMDA-TED) control crimes, maintain peace and order, and
ensure public safety and internal security with the
Department of Justice (DOJ) active support of the community.
 Bureau of Immigration - Law Enforcement
Division (BI-LED) Philosophy
 Service, Honor, and Justice
Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC) Core Values
 Land Transportation Office - Law Enforcement  Maka-Diyos (Pro-God)
Service (LTO-LES)  Makabayan (Pro-Country)
 Makatao (Pro-People)
Department of Finance (DOF)  Makakalikasan (Pro-Environment)
 Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)
 Collection Enforcement Division (CED) PNP Powers and Functions
 Enforcement Service (ES)  Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the
 Large Taxpayers Collection and Enforcement protection of lives and properties;
Division (LTCED)  Maintain peace and order and take all necessary
steps to ensure public safety;
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)  Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest
 Consumer Welfare and Trade Regulation Group of criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice
(DTI-CWTRG) and assist in their prosecution;
 Exercise the general powers to make arrest,
Department of Environment and National search and seizure in accordance with the
Resources (DENR) Constitution and pertinent laws;
 Law Enforcement and Licenses Division (DENR-  Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond
LELD). what is prescribed by law, informing the person so
detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF LAW  Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
ENFORCEMENT AND PUBLIC SAFETY AGENCIES explosives in accordance with law;
 Supervise and control the training and operations
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE of security agencies and issue licenses to operate
security agencies, and to security guards and
Mandate private detectives, for the practice of their
 Republic Act 6975 – The “Department of the professions; and
Interior and Local Government Act of 1990.”  Perform such other duties and exercise all other
 Republic Act 8551 – The “Philippine National functions as may be provided by law.
Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998”
 Republic Act 9708 - An Act Extending for Five PNP RANK CLASSIFICATION
(5) Years the Reglementary Period for  REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11200 - An Act Providing
Complying with the Minimum Educational for the Rank Classification in the Philippine
Qualification for Appointment to the Philippine National Police, amending for the Purpose
National Police (PNP) and Adjusting the Section 28 of Republic Act No. 6975, as
Promotion System thereof, Amending for the

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

amended, otherwise known as the “Department of 6. Shall establish at least one (1) fire station with
the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990” adequate personnel, firefighting facilities and
 Section 28 – Rank Classification of RA 6975 equipment in every provincial capital, city and
municipality subject to standard rules and
regulations as maybe promulgated by

Vision
 A modern fire service fully capable of ensuring a
fire safe nation by 2034.

Mission
 We commit to prevent and suppress destructive
fires, investigate its causes; enforce Fire Code
and other related laws; respond to man-made
and natural disasters and other emergencies.

BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT

AND PENOLOGY
Mandate
 The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP) is mandated to direct, supervise and
control the administration and operation of all
district, city and municipal jails nationwide with
pronged tasks of safekeeping and development
of inmates.
 There are four (4) major programs under the
mandate of BJMP and they are the following:
 Inmates’ custody, security and control
program
BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION  Inmates’ welfare and development program
Mandates and Functions  Decongestion program
1. The Bureau of Fire Protection was created by  Good governance
virtue of RA 6975 primarily to perform the
following functions: Vision
2. Be responsible for the prevention and  A premier institution highly regarded by society
suppression of all destructive fires on: for the secure and humane treatment of
 Building, houses and other structures; Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) by its
 Forest; competent and motivated corps.
 Land transportation vehicles and equipment;
 Ships and vessels docked at piers or Mission
wharves anchored in major sea ports;  To enhance public safety by ensuring humane
 Petroleum industry installations; safekeeping and development of Persons
 Plane crashes; and Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in all district, city, and
 Other similar activities municipal jails for their reintegration to society.
3. Be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire
Code of the Philippines (PD 1185) and other BJMP Functions
related laws; In line with its mission, the Jail Bureau
4. Shall have the power to investigate all causes endeavors to perform the following functions:
of fires and if necessary, file the proper  Formulate policies and guidelines in the
complaint with the city or provincial prosecutor administration of all district, city, and municipal
who has jurisdiction over the case; jails nationwide;
5. In the time of national emergency, all elements  Implement strong security measures for the
of the BFP shall upon direction of the President, control of inmates;
assist the AFP in meeting the national  Provide for the basic needs of inmates;
emergency; and  Conduct activities for the development of
inmates;

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 Improve jail facilities; and,  Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the

 Promote the general welfare and development Regional Appellate Boards, over administrative
of personnel. cases against policemen and over decisions on
claims for police benefits;
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION  Prescribe minimum standards for arms,
MANDATE equipment, and uniforms and, after consultation
 The National Police Commission is the agency with the Philippine Heraldry Commission, for
mandated by the 1987 Constitution and the Major insignia of ranks, awards, and medals of honor.
Police Reform Laws, Republic Act Nos. 6975 and Within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this
8551 to administer and control the Philippine Act, the standards of the uniformed personnel of
National Police. the PNP must be revised which should be clearly
distinct from the military and reflective of the
 Under R.A. 8551, otherwise known as the "PNP civilian character of the police;
REFORM AND ORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998"  Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in
the Commission's authority over the PNP was matters pertaining to the discharge of its own
strengthened and expanded to include powers and duties, and designate who among its
administration of police entrance examinations, personnel can issue such processes and
the conduct of pre-charge investigation of police administer oaths in connection therewith;
anomalies and irregularities, and summary  Advise the President on all matters involving
dismissal of erring police officers. police functions and administration;
 Render to the President and to the Congress an
NAPOLCOM POWERS AND FUNCTIONS annual report on its activities and
 Exercise administrative control and operational accomplishments during the thirty (30) days after
supervision over the Philippine National Police the end of the calendar year, which shall include
(PNP) which shall mean the power to: an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the
 Develop policies and promulgate a police manual organization and administration of police agencies
prescribing rules and regulations for efficient in the municipalities, cities, and provinces
organization, administration, and operation, throughout the country, and recommendations for
including criteria for manpower allocation appropriate remedial legislation;
distribution and deployment, recruitment,  Recommend to the President, through the
selection, promotion, and retirement of personnel Secretary, within sixty (60) days before the
and the conduct of qualifying entrance and commencement of each calendar year, a crime
promotional examinations for uniformed prevention program; and
members;  Perform such other functions necessary to carry
 Examine and audit, and thereafter establish the out the provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended,
standards for such purposes on a continuing other existing laws and Presidential issuances,
basis, the performance, activities, and facilities of and as the President may direct.
all police agencies throughout the country;
 Establish a system of uniform crime reporting; The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI): Its
 Conduct an annual self-report survey and compile Objectives
statistical data for the accurate assessment of the  The main objective of the National Bureau of
crime situation and the proper evaluation of the Investigation is the establishment and
efficiency and effectiveness of all police units in maintenance of a modern, effective and
the country; efficient investigative service and research
 Approve or modify plans and programs on agency for the purpose of implementing fully
education and training, logistical requirements, principal functions provided under Republic Act
communications, records, information systems, No. 157, as amended.
crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime Vision
reporting;  A world class investigative institution –
 Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National dynamic, respected and committed to the high
Appellate Board, personnel disciplinary actions ideals of law and order.
involving demotion or dismissal from the service Mission
imposed upon members of the Philippine National  To provide quality investigative and forensic
Police by the Chief of the Philippine National services to the people through advanced
Police; methods and equipment in the pursuit of truth
and justice.

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 The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI): Its  Supervises the anti-drug activities of the drug
Functions law enforcement agencies;
 Investigate crimes and other offenses against  Coordinates the participation of all
the laws of the Philippines, both on its own stakeholders in the anti-drug campaign.
initiative and as public interest may require;
 Assist, when officially requested in the Powers and Functions of PDEA
investigation or detection of crimes and other  To cause the efficient and effective
offenses; implementation of the national drug control
 Act as national clearing house of criminal strategy formulated by the Dangerous Drugs
records and other information for use of all Board;
prosecuting and law enforcement entities in the  Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of
Philippines; Article II of RA 9165 relative to the unlawful acts
 Identification records of identifying marks, and penalties involving any dangerous drugs
characteristics and ownership or possession of and/or controlled precursor and essential
all firearms and test bullets fired there from; chemicals;
 Give technical help to all prosecuting and law  Administer oath and issue subpoena and
enforcement offices, agencies of the subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct of
government, and courts which may ask for its investigation involving violations of RA 9165;
services;  Arrest and apprehend as well as search all
 Extend its services in the investigation of cases violators and seize or confiscate the effects or
of administrative or civil in nature in which the proceeds of the crimes as provided by law;
government is interested;  Take charge and have custody of all dangerous
 The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI): Its drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
Functions chemicals seized, confiscated or surrendered to
 Establish and maintain an up-to-date scientific any national, provincial or local law enforcement
crime laboratory and conduct researches in agency;
furtherance of scientific knowledge in criminal  Establish a forensic laboratory in each PNP office
investigation; in every province and city in order to facilitate
 Coordinate with other national or local agencies action on seized or confiscated drugs, thereby
in the maintenance of peace and order; hastening their destruction without delay;
 Undertake the instruction and training of a  Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of
representative number of city and municipal properties and other assets of persons and/or
peace officers at the request of their respective corporations found to be violating the provisions
superiors along effective methods of crime of RA 9165 and in accordance with the pertinent
investigation and detection in order to insure provisions of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of
greater efficiency in the discharge of their 2001;
duties.  Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of
appropriate criminal and civil cases for violation of
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY all laws n dangerous drugs, controlled precursors
 The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and essential chemicals, and other similar
(PDEA) is responsible for efficient law controlled substances;
enforcement of all provisions on any dangerous  Monitor, and if warranted by circumstances, in
drugs and/or precursors and essential coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and
chemicals. the Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo
Vision packages, parcels and mails in the central post
 By 2020, we are a highly credible and office;
competent Agency leading the citizenry for a  Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or
drug-free country illegally grown plants from which dangerous drugs
Mission may be extracted;
 As the lead Agency in the enforcement of the  Initiate and undertake the formation of a
anti-drug law, the PDEA: nationwide organization which shall coordinate
 Suppresses the supply of dangerous drugs; and supervise all activities against drug abuse in
 Implements Dangerous Drugs Board policies; every province, city, municipality and barangay;
 Controls and regulates the legitimate use of  Establish and maintain a national drug
dangerous drug and controlled precursors intelligence system in cooperation with law
and essential chemicals; enforcement agencies, other government

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

agencies/offices and local government units that  RA 6975 – 72 units to qualify – 2

will assist in the apprehension of big-time drug years to comply with educational
lords; requirement
 Establish and maintain close coordination,  WAIVERS:
operation and linkages with international drug – Age
control and administration agencies and – Height
organizations; – Weight
 Create and maintain an efficient special – Education
enforcement unit to conduct an investigation, file
charges and transmit evidence to the proper Republic Act No. 9708
court;  Extended the period of attaining the
 Require all government and private hospitals, educational requirement for PNP members:
clinics, doctors, dentists and other practitioners to  Effectivity of RA 8551 – given 5 years
submit a report to it;  Effectivity of 9708 – 2 years
 Coordinate with the DDB for the facilitation of the  Weight – 1 year
issuance of necessary guidelines, rules and
regulations for the proper implementation of RA Republic Act No. 11200
9165; and  An Act Providing for The Rank Classification in
 Initiate and undertake a national campaign for The Philippine National Police, Amending for
drug prevention and control programs, where it The Purpose Section 28 Of Republic Act No.
may enlist the assistance of any department, 6975, As Amended, Otherwise Known as the
bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the “Department of The Interior and Local
government, including government-owned and/or Government Act Of 1990
-controlled corporations.  Approved: February 08, 2019

LAWS GOVERNING LAW ENFORCEMENT Commissioned Officer Ranks

AGENCIES IN THE PHILIPPINES Chief Supt. Pol. Brgd. Gen. Brigadier
General
Department of Interior and Local Government
Republic Act No. 6975 (Department of Interior and Senior Supt. Pol. Colonel Colonel
Local Government Act of 1990) Superintenden Pol. Lt. Col. Lt. Colonel
 Re-organized the Department of Interior and t
Local Government (Chapter I, Section 4-12) Chief Inspector Pol. Major Major
 Re-organized the National Police
Senior Pol. Captain Captain
Commission (Chapter 2, Section 13-22)
 Established the TRI-BUREAU Inspector
• Philippine National Police (Section 23- Inspector Pol. Lieutenant 1st
52) Lieutenant
• Bureau of Fire Protection (Section 53-59) Non-Commissioned Officer Ranks
• Bureau of Jail Management and SPO4 Pol. Exec. MSgt MSgt. Master
Penology (Section 60-65)
 Established the Philippine Public Safety
Sergeant
College (Chapter 6, Section 66-68) SPO3 Pol. Chief MSgt Technical
 Philippine National Police Sergeant
SPO2 Pol. Senior MSgt Staff
Republic Act No. 8551 (Philippine National Police Sergeant
Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
SP01 Pol. MSgt. Sergeant
 Relieved the DILG on the primary responsibility
of suppressing insurgency PO3 Pol. Staff Sergeant Corporal
 NAPOLCOM exercise administrative control PO2 Police Corporal Private 1st
and operational supervision over the PNP. Class
 Qualification to become a PNP member was PO1 Patrolman/woman Private
upgraded
 Must possess a formal baccalaureate Department of Justice
degree from a recognized institution of
learning

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

 The Department of Justice (DOJ) acts as the  Under the Executive Department of the
principal law agency and legal counsel of the Philippines and is tasked for ensuring external
government. and internal peace and security by guarding the
 It serves as the government’s prosecution arm country against threats.
and administers the government’s criminal  Commonwealth Act № 1 - National Defense
justice system by investigating crimes, Act of 1935
prosecuting offenders, and overseeing the  Executive Order No. 230, s. 1939 – organized
correctional system. the Department of National Defense
The following law enforcement and public safety
agencies are attached to DOJ: Office of the President
 Bureau of Corrections  Administrative Order No. 322, s. 1997 –
 National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) Created the Office of the President
 National Prosecution Service  The mandate of the OP Proper is to respond to
 Parole and Probation Administration the specific needs and requirements of the
 Board of Pardons and Paroles President to achieve the purposes and
objectives of the Office.
Executive Order No. 292 (Administrative Code of Under this office are:
1987)  Presidential Security Group (PSG)
 Book IV/Title III/Chapter 1-General Provisions  Metropolitan Manila Development Authority -
 DOJ was named as the principal law agency of Traffic Enforcement Division (MMDA-TED)
the Republic of the Philippines serving as its
legal counsel and prosecution arm. Presidential Security Group
 Today, the DOJ continues to pursue its primary  The agency responsible in providing security
and escort to the President and Vice-President
mission: “To Uphold the Rule of Law" of the Philippines and their immediate family.
 Motto: "Justice for All”  former Presidents and Vice Presidents of the
Philippines as well as visiting heads of state.
National Bureau of Investigation  The protection of the head of the state and
 Commonwealth Act No. 181 – inception of the his/her family has been the responsibility of the
Division of Investigation AFP since 1897.
 During the Japanese Occupation, the DI was  PSG was established in 1987 (it replaced the
affiliated with the BIR and Philippine Presidential Security Command) during the
Constabulary and was known as the Bureau of administration of Corazon Aquino
Investigation  June 23, 1998 - Presidential Security Group
 Republic Act No. 157 – reorganized the Centennial Year.
Bureau of Investigation
 Executive Order No. 94 – renamed the bureau Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
to now what is known as the National Bureau of  Metro-wide services under the jurisdiction of the
Investigation MMDA are those services which have metro-
wide impact and transcend local political
National Prosecution Service boundaries or entail huge expenditures such
 National Prosecution Service (NPS) is that it would not be viable for said services to
mandated to assist the Secretary of Justice in be provided by the individual Local Government
the performance of powers and functions of the Units (LGUs) comprising Metropolitan Manila.
Department relative to its role as the  The MMDA is tasked to clear obstructions from
prosecution arm of the government, particularly the roads at all times, and conducts daily
the investigation and prosecution of criminal clearing operations against stalled and illegally
offenses. parked vehicles, with subcontracted towing
 Presidential Decree No. 1275, s. 1978 - companies. Illegally parked vehicles will be
created the National Prosecution Service given 5 minutes to leave, and will be towed
 Republic Act No. 10071 (Prosecution otherwise.
Service Act of 2010)’ – strengthened and  Presidential Decree 824 – Created Metro
rationalized the National Prosecution Service Manila and the Metropolitan Manila
Commission (MMC)
Department of National Defense  Executive Order No. 392 (in accordance to
Article 18, Section 8 of the 1987 Philippine

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

Constitution) – Replaced MMC with  Upgraded the qualifications of applicants of the

Metropolitan Manila Authority (MMA) BFP in terms of educational requirement and the
 Republic Act No. 7924 – created the completion of personnel during the time of RA
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority 6975.
(MMDA) on March 1, 1995  Professionalization and Upgrading of
Qualification Standards in the Designation of
LAWS GOVERNING PUBLIC SAFETY AGENCIES IN Uniformed Personnel of the BFP and the BJMP
THE PHILIPPINES to Key Positions.
 Amendments in the appointment, promotion and
Department of Interior and Local Government attrition system
Republic Act No. 6975 (Department of Interior and
Local Government Act of 1990) Republic Act 9592
 Re-organized the Department of Interior and  An Act Extending for Five (5) Years the
Local Government (Chapter I, Section 4-12) Reglementary Period for Complying With The
 Re-organized the National Police Commission Minimum Educational Qualification And
(Chapter 2, Section 13-22) Appropriate Eligibility In The Bureau Of Fire
 Established the TRI-BUREAU (Chapters 3, 4, Protection (BFP) And The Bureau Of Jail
and 5) Management And Penology (BJMP), Amending
– Philippine National Police (Section 23-52) For The Purpose Certain Provision Of Republic
– Bureau of Fire Protection (Section 53-59) Act No. 9263, Otherwise Known As The "Bureau
– Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Of Fire Protection And Bureau Of Jail
(Section 60-65) Management And Penology Professionalization
– Established the Philippine Public Safety Act Of 2004" And For Other Purposes
College (Chapter 6, Section 66-68)
Philippine Public Safety College
Bureau of Fire Protection  The implementation of Republic Act 6975
Presidential Decree 1185 brought to fore the significance of the
 Known as the “Fire Code of the Philippines.” establishment of the Philippine Public Safety
 Approved: August 26, 1977 during the time of College.
President Ferdinand E. Marcos  Section 66 of RA 6975 established and
 Includes fire prevention and suppression constituted the Philippine Public Safety College
requiring adoption of uniform fire safety (PPSC) as the premier educational institution
standards for the training, human resource development
 Development of national consciousness and and continuing education of all personnel of the
involvement of all persons in the prevention and Philippine National Police (PNP), the Bureau of
suppression of fires Fire Protection (BFP) and the Bureau of Jail
 Reorganized the Fire Service of the Integrated Management and Penology (BJMP).
National Police  The PPSC is one of the bureaus under the
 Provided the prohibited acts related to fire safety DILG.
and penalties
Repealed by Republic Act 9514 Republic Act 11279
Republic Act No. 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines  An Act Transferring the Philippine National
0f 2008) Police Academy (PNPA) and the National
 An Act Establishing A Comprehensive Fire Code Police Training Institute (NPTI) From the
Of The Philippines, Repealing Presidential Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) to the
Decree No. 1185 And For Other Purposes Philippine National Police (PNP), Amending for
 Repealed Presidential Decree 1185 The Purpose Sections 24, 35, 66, 67 And 68 Of
 Mandates that the BFP shall administer and Republic Act No. 6975, Otherwise Known As
enforce RA 9514 The “Department Of The Interior And Local
 Provided the violations, penalties and Government Act Of 1990”, As Amended,
abatements of fire hazard Appropriating Funds Therefor And For Other
Purposes
Republic Act No. 9263 ("Bureau of Fire Protection  Approved on April 12, 2019
and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology  This law mandated that the Philippine National
Professionalization Act of 2004) Police have administrative and operational
supervision and control over the Philippine

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

National Police Academy and the National changed the name of Bureau of Prisons to
Police Training Institute. Bureau of Corrections.
 Republic Act No. 10575 (The Bureau of
Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) Corrections Act of 2013) - which provides for
 The premiere institution for police education, the modernization, professionalization and
and the primary source for commissionship of restructuring of the Bureau.
police lieutenants. The PNPA shall be under
the direct administrative and operational Seven Penal Institutions in the Philippines
supervision and control of the Chief of the 1. New Bilibid Prisons - Muntinlupa City,
PNP. National Capital Region
 PNPA is still allowed to accommodate BFP and 2. Correctional Institution for Women -
BJMP cadets during the 5-year transition period. Mandaluyong, National Capital Region
 Headed by a PNPA Director with the rank of 3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm - Puerto
Police Major General Prinsesa City, Palawan
4. Davao Prison and Penal Farm – Panabo and
National Police Training Institute (NPTI) – Shall be Tagum, Davao Del Norte
responsible for the mandatory and leadership training 5. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm –
of all police non-commissioned officers (PNCOs). Bongiao, Zamboanga
 Headed by a Director with the rank of Police 6. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm –
Major General Occidental Mindoro
7. Leyte Regional Prisons – Abuyog, Leyte
Department of Justice
 The Department of Justice (DOJ) acts as the Parole and Probation Administration
principal law agency and legal counsel of the  Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) is
government. It serves as the government’s an attached agency of the Department of
prosecution arm and administers the Justice which provides a less costly alternative
government’s criminal justice system by to imprisonment of offenders who are likely to
investigating crimes, prosecuting offenders, and respond to individualized community-based
overseeing the correctional system. treatment programs.
 The following law enforcement and public  Act No. 4221 - created the Probation Office
safety agencies are attached to DOJ: under the Department of Justice
– Two years after its implementation, on
Bureau of Corrections November 16, 1937, the Supreme Court
 National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) declared it unconstitutional.
 National Prosecution Service  Presidential Decree No. 968 (Adult
 Parole and Probation Administration Probation Law of 1976) – Created the
 Board of Pardons and Paroles Probation Administration
– Teodulo C. Natividad – Father of
Executive Order No. 292 (Administrative Code of Probation in the Philippines
1987)  Executive Order No. 292 (Administrative Code
 Book IV/Title III/Chapter 1-General Provisions of 1987) - Probation Administration became
 DOJ was named as the principal law agency of Parole and Probation Administration
the Republic of the Philippines serving as its
legal counsel and prosecution arm. Board of Pardons and Parole
 Today, the DOJ continues to pursue its primary  The Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP) shall
mission: “To Uphold the Rule of Law" uplift and redeem valuable human material to
 Motto: "Justice for All” economic usefulness and to prevent
 Bureau of Corrections unnecessary and excessive deprivation of
 Reorganization Act 1407 – established personal liberty by way of parole or through
Bureau of Prisons in November 01, 1905 under executive clemency.
the Department of Public Instruction  Executive Order No. 292 [BOOK IV/Title
 Administrative Code of 1907 – the Prison Law III/Chapter 6-Board of Pardons and Parole]
can be found under chapter 45  Act No. 4103 (Indeterminate Sentence Law) -
 Executive Order No. 292 (Administrative An Act to Provide for An Indeterminate
Code of 1987) –issued on November 23, 1989, Sentence and Parole For All Persons Convicted
Of Certain Crimes By The Courts Of The

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 Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Lea 101)

Philippine Islands; To Create A Board Of  The Automobile Section was upgraded to the
Indeterminate Sentence And To Provide Funds Automobile Division under the Bureau of Public
Therefor; And For Other Purposes Works.
 Act No. 3992- otherwise known as “The
Department of Transportation (DOTr) Revised Motor Vehicle Law” was enacted
 The Department of Transportation (DOTr) is the amending Act No. 3045.
primary policy, planning, programming,  Executive Order No. 94 - promulgated
coordinating, implementing and administrative reorganizing the different executive
entity of the executive branch of the departments, bureaus and offices. Under
government on the promotion, development Section 82 of this E.O., the Division of Motor
and regulation of a dependable and Vehicles was upgraded into the Motor Vehicles
coordinated network of transportation systems, Office (MVO) 
as well as in the fast, safe, efficient and reliable  R.A. 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic
transportation services Code)– abolished the Motor Vehicle Office and
 Reorganization Act 2666 (As amended by Act creating the Land Transportation Commission
No. 2803) gave birth to the Department of  Executive Order Number 546 - Promulgated
Commerce and Communications, consisting of creating the Ministry of Transportation and
the Bureau of Commerce and Industry, Bureau Communications (MOTC). This marked
of Supply, Bureau of Public Works, Bureau of reorganization.
Posts, Bureau of Labor and Bureau of Coast – The Land Transportation Commission was
and Geodetic Survey. renamed the Bureau of Land
 Act No. 4007, renamed the Department of Transportation and was absorbed by
Commerce and Communications into the MOTC.
Department of Public Works and
Communications
  Executive Order 546 - divided the Ministry of
Public Works, Transportation and
Communications (MPWTC) into two agencies,
the Ministry of Public Works and Highways
(MPWH) and the Ministry of Transportation and
Communications (MOTC).
  Executive Order No. 125 and 125-A - MOTC
was transformed into a department
 Executive Order No. 269 - Communications
sector was placed under the newly formed
Commission on Information and
Communications Technology (CICT) in 2002, a
transitory measure to the creation of a
Department of Information and
Communications Technology (DICT)
 Republic Act No. 10844 (An Act Creating the
Department of Information and
Communications Technology) – caused the
DOTC to become DOTr
 Agencies under DOTr:
– Land Transportation Office

Land Transportation Office

 Legislative Act No. 2159 - enacted to regulate
motor vehicles in the Philippine Islands and to
provide for the regulation and licensing of
operators. 
 Act No. 3045 - passed into law compiling and
incorporating all laws governing motor vehicles.

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