Lesson 2:

Smooth Structure
Dzung, Trinh Thi Le - MA
Structure of a Presentation

Introduction Body Conclusion

welcoming coherent lucid &

& & logical purposeful
informative

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Structure of a Presentation

Introduction Body Conclusion

✓ Greet
✓ Grab attention ✓ Point 1 ✓ Summarize
✓ State your topic ✓ Point 2 main points
& purposes ✓ Point 3 ✓ Final thoughts/
✓ Show outline Call for action
✓…
✓ State the time & ✓ Q&A
rules for Q&A

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 PRACTICE 1
Put the sentences in the
right order

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Structure of an Introduction

Greet audience & Grab attention

State your topic and purpose(s)

Preview outline/ hypothetical question

State the time and rules for Q&A

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 PRACTICE 2
Put the sentences in the
right order

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PRACTICE 3
Speaking out

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How to Attract
Audience’s
Attention????
Techniques to Attract Audience’s Attention

1. Ask a question / rhetorical question

2. Describe a hypothetical situation
3. Tell an anecdote
4. Give an interesting fact, example or statistic
5. Quote from a poem or saying
6. Refer to a reference
7. Show a picture
8. Listen to a song or piece of music

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
1. Ask a question/rhetorical question

Open ended question A show of hands A rhetorical question

Beware of wrong answer or Safer No answer needed!
joke
E.g. How many of you go to E.g. Are we all indifferent to
E.g. How did you go to school
school by bus? Raise your hands. environmental issues ?
today?

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“Let me begin “Before I begin, I'd
by asking all of like you to think
you a about the following
question: … “ question..”

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 Techniques to attract audience’s attention
2. Describe a hypothetical situation

Suppose… How would Suppose you were in a tornado. How could you
you…? protect yourself?

How many of you here have How many of you here have thought about traveling
thought about...? Well, to outer space? Well, imagine being able to take a
imagine... Do you think this vacation on the moon. Do you think this would be
is possible? possible?

Have you ever thought

Have you ever thought about becoming a
about.....? Well, if I could
vegetarian? Well, if I could explain several
explain how ..., would you be
interested? benefits of it, would you be interested?

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
3. Tell an anecdote

You know, when I think about.... I'm reminded of....

Have you ever been in a situation where...? I remember when..... It turned out
that....

Let me tell you a story about…

Let me tell you a story about my son. One day he came to me and said “Dad, if you raise my
allowance by $2.00, I’ll double mow the lawn each week. For another 10%, you will get the best
looking lawn in the neighborhood”.
In the same way, if we raise salaries for our workers by 10%, we should expect to increase
productivity…”

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
4. Give an interesting fact, example or statistic

I read the other day A report published in A recent research has

that Bill Gates began the New York Times shown that the 3 most
programming said that Switzerland common languages in
computers at the of eats the most the world are Mandarin
Chinese, Spanish and
age 13. chocolate equating
English.
to 10 kilos per person
per year.

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
5. Quote from a poem or saying

“Let me start by
Shakespeare, a famous quoting
Shakespeare, a
poet, once said (pause)
famous poet.
and I quote (pause), "To "..."
be or not to be, that is
the question."

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
5. Quote from a poem or saying
Choose the simplest Limit to a sentence or
or well-known quotes. two

Read a quotation
directly (=> for accuracy)
or paraphrase (=> for
Provide the source of audience to easily
the quotation understand)

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
6. Refer to a reference
Reference to a time or event
in history
+ Establish context for the
presentation.
+ Set points into a wider
framework of experience
+ Build credibility.

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
7. Show a picture

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Techniques to attract audience’s attention
8. Listen to a song or piece of music
• Playing music as people
arrive can refresh
audience & clear their
minds.
• More effective when the
chosen music is positive,
upbeat, refreshing &
universally liked.

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The Introduction - Further Notes

+ Keep the introduction relatively brief

+ Make a clear connection between attention grabber and your
topic
+ Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do
your research.
+ Be creative
+ Work out your introduction in details.
+ No more than 10 percent of your speech.

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 PRACTICE 4
Watch and identify the
main points in the
presentation

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+ Introduction

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The Body

Selecting Developing
Brainstorming 2-5 main supporting
ideas points

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The Body
Developing Supporting Points

Facts & Examples &

Anecdotes Statistics
opinions Illustrations

Comparisons Definitions Descriptions Quotations

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 PRACTICE 5
Using the evidence in the
body : Write down 3 pieces
of evidence for each topic

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My hometown is very beautiful. My university is a great place.

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Transitions and sequencers

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Transitions and sequencers

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Transitions and sequencers

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Transitions and sequencers

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 PRACTICE 6
Using transitions and
sequences

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 PRACTICE 7
Watch and identify the
main points in the body
of a presentation

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+ The Body clip

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 The conclusion

To To intensify
emphasize the
the key idea emotions/fe
or ideas of elings of the
the speech audience

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Common pitfalls

Running out of Speeding up

time
.

Mumbling and
fading off Ending abruptly

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 The Conclusion

Dos DON’Ts
ü Sum up the whole vWander around the
presentation subject
vIntroduce new ideas
vKeep repeating points
over and over again

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Signposting
language

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 Signposting Language

1. Divide information 2. Link different 3. Show progression

up into subsections aspects of the talk through topic

Helps the audience navigate their

way through your presentation

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