Mindanao Mission Academy

9024, Manticao, Misamis Oriental

Association of Time Management, Academic Attitudes, and Academic Performance of

A Research Paper Submitted to the Faculty of

Mindanao Mission Academy in Partial Fulfillment

of the Performance Task in Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

for Senior High School

Cantillas, Princess Joannafe H.

Urbano, Abram Paul

Santillana, Shailah Kaye R.

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 Republic of the Philippines
MINDANAO MISSION ACADEMY
Manticao, Misamis Oriental

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course, Inquires, Investigation &

Immersion for Grade 12, this research work titled “Association of Time Management,

Academic Attitudes, and Academic Performance of JHS students in Mindanao Mission

Academy”, prepared and submitted by TEAM CUS, is hereby recommended for acceptance

and approval.

Marlon C. Tabaosares

Adviser

Approved by the Senior High School Department

Research Committee

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 Dedication

We dedicate this paper to the Almighty God, the one who is the source of strength

and wisdom. To our parents who supports us with our financial needs and to our friends who

encourage us to the fullest to continue this study. Thank you for our most gracious and kind

Heavenly Father! All the hard works and sleepless nights finally paid off.

-Researchers

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 Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following with

deepest gratitude:

Almighty God. First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank their primary

source of wisdom with his unconditional love for us he gave them the strength and ability to

complete their research study. We as the researchers could not thank him more and would not

look at themselves without him. The researchers struggled but successfully created their

research with our Almighty God. All glory to Him!

Sir. Marlon C. Tabaosares. The researchers are also likely to give an immense amount of

gratitude towards their research teacher. They thank him for sharing his knowledge, time and

ability about their study. Thank you for correcting their errors. With immense gratitude for

his professionalism and patience for tireless daily requests.

MMA School Advisers. The researchers express their gratitude to these advisors for

enabling them to take time during class to complete their study questionnaires. Also being

considerate.

Parents. The researchers would like to thank their parents for their help and understanding

while they were attending school and carrying out their research projects. It is essential to

have their parents’ consent before participating in these activities.

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

One of the elements that educators think has an impact on students' academic performance

and attitudes is time management. Most students complain regarding the lack of learning

time. In light of this circumstance, we started an investigation to determine if effective time

management might be the answer.

It is believed by the (Educational Research Quarterly, 2010) that one of the factors

influencing university students' academic success is their capacity for time management.

Many students may find the academic experience very stressful (K. J. Swick, 1987). One

potential coping strategy frequently offered by university counseling services is time

management (Macan, T. H., Shahani, C., Dipboye, R. L., & Phillips, A. P. (1990).

Articles and books have already discussed this problem. In accordance with the (Procedia -

Social and Behavioral Sciences 30, 2011) the improvement of the academic results can be

explained through increased adaptation to academic requirements, while for those

experimental programs, the increase of academic performances lies in the experimental

program which they attended. Generally, the (International Journal of Applied Psychology

2016) claims that some of the students always do things in order of priority.

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Students who attend class regularly, feel comparatively less academic stress, submit

assignments in due time and spend more time for the academic study were found to have

higher academic marks compared to others who do not according to (Mahmud, A., Chanda

Antor, S., & Al Zabir, A. (2020). However, it is asserted that there are some limitations of

these researches related to their methods, sampling groups, analysis techniques applied and

the scales used in measuring time management of students (Britton & Tesser, 1991).

Moreover, in (Tanrıögen, Abdurrahman; Işcan, Seher, 2009) studies prove that time

management skills are not unidimensional and positive attitudes of students about time

management affects their academic achievements as well as the other dimensions.

Nevertheless, further work is needed to understand precisely how time management affects

students' attitude and academic achievements (Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2020).

There are not enough actual studies to back up how reasonable these expectations are. These

associations were further tested in studies. In an attempt to address this shortcoming, we

planned our research to: determine the significant relationship between students' time

management, academic performance, and attitudes.

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Statement of the Problem

A correlational study that attempts to assess the relationship between time

management, academic attitudes, and academic performance among junior highschool

students of Mindanao Mission Academy, Manticao.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

a. 1st Grading GPA

b. Dormitory or Non-Dormitory

c. Age

d. Gender

2. How does time management affect the students’ academic performance in terms of;

a. Organizing Time

b. Limitations

c. Sleeping Schedule

d. Morning Routine

e. Extra-Curricular Activities

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 f. Procrastinating

3. How does academic attitudes affect the students’ academic performance in terms of;

a. Test Anxieties

b. Self Esteem

c. Self -Worth

d. Self - efficacy

4. Is there any significant difference of academic attitude and time management to

academic performance when Gender, Residence, Age and Grade Level are considered?

Objectives

The purpose of this correlational study is to determine the effects of time

management and academic attitudes to academic performance of JHS students in Mindanao

Mission Academy.

Time management and academic attitude is both great factor of how the student’s

academic performance will come out. By this the researchers aims to acknowledge the

following;

a. To determine the the effect of time management in academic performance;

b. To determine the effect of time management in academic performance;

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 c. To focus on the correlating of time management and academic attitude to

academic performance of the students.

Hypothesis

The following are the null hypothesis of this research:

There is a significant relationship between students' time management and students'

academic attitudes.

There is a significant relationship between the students' time management and

students’ academic performance.

There is no significant relationship of both academic attitudes and time management

on JHS students’ academic performance.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will merit the following:

School Administrator. The result of the study could serve as a baseline for the school.

Guidance Counselor. This study will help develop the guidance program that is in line with

the individual needs and attitudes of students.

Students. This study will help students develop their time management and appreciate the

value of time in their daily life.

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Parents. Who are directly concerned about their children's education considering the

academic performance in various disciplines

Future Researchers. The result of this study can serve as a basis for further study on time

management, academic attitudes, and students’ academic performance.

Scope and Limitations

This study is limited only to the jhs students of Mindanao Mission Academy,

Manticao during the academic year 2022-2023.

To assess the relationship between time management, academic attitudes, and

academic performance of jhs students was the focus of this research. The questionnaire

created for the survey research will be used to collect all the information required. All

information and conclusions drawn from this study were obtained only from this particular

group of students.

Definition of Terms

For better clarifications and further understanding of the terms related to this study, the

following terms are defined conceptually and operationally.

Time Management. This refers to the ability to use one's time effectively or productively,

especially at work.

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Academic Attitudes. This refers to learning to trust one's own critical skills and evaluate

one's own performance.

Academic Performance. This refers to the measurement of student achievement across

various academic subjects.

CHAPTER II

RELATED READING LITERATURE

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Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Framework

ABC System

Every person is on average faced with many activities which require attention. In

many instances, the time available may not be sufficient for all the activities that need to be

done.

In order to use time more effectively, a person needs to prioritize the tasks that need

to be undertaken. The ABC system developed by Alan Lakein can provide an efficient means

for prioritizing. Mancini (2003) demonstrates that using the ABC approach can facilitate an

individual’s prioritizing.

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Behaviorism

Behaviorists postulate that learning is a change in observable behavior caused by

external stimuli in the environment. Psychological behaviorism has its roots, in part, in the

classical associationism according to which intelligent behavior is the product of associative

learning. (Thorndike, 1913), (Pavlov, 1927), and (Skinner, 1974)

Behaviorism focuses only on the objectively observable and measurable changes in

behavior, acquired through conditioning, being repeated until it becomes automatic. Gredler

(2001) expresses behaviorism as being comprised of several theories that make three

assumptions about learning: i) Observable behaviour is more important than understanding

internal activities; ii) Behaviour should be focused on simple elements: specific stimuli and

responses; iii) Learning is about behaviour change.

Related Readings

Two groups of urban eleventh graders were contrasted in their attitudes toward school

by means of a specially developed poll. Classified as “satisfied” and “dissatisfied” with

school, these groups of approximately 45 each were compared on the Iowa Tests of

Educational Development. “Satisfied” students generally outperformed “dissatisfied”

students at a statistically significant level. The advantage of “satisfied” students tended to be

greater on tests where academic skills were involved than on tests of general background

information. It could be concluded that such skill development was more pronounced in

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students affirmative in their attitude toward school because of its association with typical

classroom objectives and drill routine. (Thomas A. Brodie, 1964)

Time management is very important and it may actually affect individual’s overall

performance and achievements. Students nowadays always commented that they do not have

enough time to complete all the tasks assigned to them. In addition, a university

environment’s flexibility and freedom can derail students who have not mastered time

management skills. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between

the time management and academic achievement of the students. The factor analysis result

showed three main factors associated with time management which can be classified as time

planning, time attitudes and time wasting. The result also indicated that gender and races of

students show no significant differences in time management behaviours. While year of

study and faculty of students reveal the significant differences in the time management

behaviours. Meanwhile, all the time management behaviours are significantly positively

related to academic achievement of students although the relationship is weak. Time

planning is the most significant correlated predictor. (S N A M Razali1, M S Rusiman1, W S

Gan1 and N Arbin2

Student achievement problems are often highlighted in academic literature and the

mass media and therefore, it is pertinent for educators to be aware and to study the factors

related to student achievements such as achievement motivation and attitude. The purpose of

this study was to identify the relationships between the achievement motivation, attitude and

student academic performance. (Kamariah Abu Bakar, Rohani Ahmad Tarmizi, Rahil

Mahyuddin, Habibah Elias, Wong Su Luan, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, 2010).

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Related Studies

Many college students may find the academic experience very stressful (K. J. Swick,

1987). One potential coping strategy frequently offered by university counseling services is

time management. 165 students completed a questionnaire assessing their time management

behaviors and attitudes, stress, and self-perceptions of performance and grade point average

(GPA). The study revealed 2 major findings. The Time Management Behavior Scale consists

of 4 relatively independent factors; the most predictive was Perceived Control of Time.

Students who perceived control of their time reported significantly greater evaluations of

their performance, greater work and life satisfaction, less role ambiguity, less role overload,

and fewer job-induced and somatic tensions. Findings are consistent with theory and advice

on time management (e.g., R. S. Schuler; 1979) but also indicate that the dynamics of time

management are more complex than previously believed. Macan, T. H., Shahani, C.,

Dipboye, R. L., & Phillips, A. P. (1990).

Time management is very important, and it may actually affect an individual's overall

performance and achievements. However, all of these are related by how individuals manage

their time to suit their daily living or to make it flow steadily with their routines. Conducive

settings and environment will surely promote positive outcomes to the students, besides

having good lectures given by their teachers. Nevertheless, students' time management can be

considered as one of the aspects that can move a student to be a good student. Good time

management is vital for students to shine. However, some of the students do not have good

time management skills that have negatively affected their life and their academics. The

usage of time by students in higher education institutions is related to their daily routines and

activities. Students' time management can also affect the stress level of students as they need
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to cope with their tasks and their personal achievements. In this regard, the data was

collected from the students of Qurtuba University of Science and Technology to analyze how

effectively they are managing their time for achieving their academic standards. (Shazia

Nasrullah_PhD, Muhammad Saqib Khan_PhD, 2015)

Academic performance is dependent on multiple factors, two of which are stress and

motivation. It is an essential aspect for senior high school students as they are nearing college

life and because having better academic performance yields better opportunities in life. The

study used a descriptive-correlational approach to examine the students’ stress and

motivation and their relationship with their academic performance. The data was gathered

through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). The

study’s findings revealed that students’ stress and motivation were average and above

average, respectively. Moreover, the academic performance of the students was mostly

satisfactory and very satisfactory. Furthermore, the study found that stress and motivation

have no significant relationship with students’ academic performance. (Jhoselle Tus, 2020)

Justification of the Study

The aim of this study is to assess Academic performance of JHS students in relation

to their Time Management and Academic attitudes. This study is quite unique to other

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studies that relate to Academic performance since this study correlates how Academic

attitudes and Time management can affect the GPA of the student.

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers the procedures used to conduct the study. The study's

respondents, research tools, sampling techniques, data collection methods, and data

processing techniques are all covered along with the study's research design.

Research Locale

The respondents of this study are the junior high school students in their local area.

The respondents are located in the island of Mindanao in the province of Misamis Oriental,

particularly in the Mindanao Mission Academy, Adventist Inc. in the town of Manticao.

Research Design

This study assesses the relationship between time management, academic attitudes,

and academic performance of Mindanao Mission Academy. The correlation method was used

in this study. A questionnaire is administered to a specific group population to seek and

obtain data relevant to this study

Quantitative Research

According to Allen, M. (2017), quantitative research is to generate knowledge and

create understanding about the social world. Quantitative methodology is the dominant

research framework in the social sciences. It refers to a set of strategies, techniques and

assumptions used to study psychological, social and economic processes through

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the exploration of numeric patterns. Coghlan, D., Brydon-Miller, M. (2014). In an assets,

quantitative uses numbers, graphs to get the answers researchers would be in question.

Quantitative uses instruments such as questionnaires to the participants. It can be

printed nor asked in a crowd or group of people. In addition, quantitative research is a way to

learn about a particular group of people, known as a sample population. Using scientific

inquiry, quantitative research relies on data that are observed or measured to examine

questions about the sample population.

Correlational Research

The correlational design will help the researchers correlate time management and

academic attitudes to academic performances of JHS students in Mindanao Mission

Academy. Correlational Research as the word correlate, it is to relate a situation to the main

event. When using a correlational study design, no variables are within the researcher's direct

control or manipulation, Pritha B. (2022). A non-experimental research method known as

correlational analysis involves measuring two variables and analyzing their statistical

relationship without making much of an effort to control unrelated variables.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were the four hundred and forty-six (446) junior high

school students of Mindanao Mission Academy at the Manticao, academic year 2022-2023.

To give data identified with the profiles, managements, and academic performance of

students in the junior high school of Mindanao Mission Academy.

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Sampling Method

This study will use a stratified method sampling in which researchers divide subjects

into subgroups. In a stratified sample, researchers divided a population into homogeneous

subpopulations called strata (the plural stratum) based on specific properties (for example,

race, gender identity, location, etc.). Each member of the population studied should be

exactly a stratum.

Each stratum then uses another way of possibility of sampling, such as a cluster or

simple random sampling, which allows researchers to estimate statistics steps for each

subpopulation.

Research Instrument

The main tool used in this study was a survey questionnaire. Set of questionnaires

was formulated for the junior high school student respondents. The questionnaires are

composed for the students to determine their time management, academic behavior, and their

academic performance. The responses/comments of the respondents will be gathered through

questionnaires and will be analyzed by a statistician.

Data Gathering Procedure

This research will utilize the questionnaires that are researched thoroughly by the

researchers.

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Step 1: To begin the surveys, the researchers will create a consent form to the principal, vice

principal, registrar, and advisers (referring to appendix A) to inform the purpose and

approval that their students are taking a survey. After that, if the advisers will agree then the

questionnaires will be ready to be checked.

Step 2: After the agreement, the researchers will be the one to announce that the answers of

each student are completely private, and the purpose will be for the study only.

Step 3: Each student will be handed a printed questionnaires and will be informed of the

instructions on how to answer.

Step 4: After the students will answer the questionnaires it will be collected by the

researchers and with honor and gratitude, they will thank the students for the participation.

Methods of Data Analysis

Upon having all the questionnaires answered, it will be handed to a statistician.

Correlation is used to test relationships between quantitative variables or categorical

variables. In other words, it’s a measure of how things are related. The study of how

variables are correlated is called correlation analysis, Stephanie Glen (2022)

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 Appendix C

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

“Association of Time Management, Academic Attitude and Academic Performance of

JHS student in Mindanao Mission Academy”

My name is Shailah Kaye Santillana, and I am a student at the Mindanao Mission

Academy (MMA), Manticao, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. You are being invited as a part

of the participants on a research study. The purpose of the study is to know the Association

of Time Management, Academic Attitude and Academic Performance of JHS students in

Mindanao Mission Academy. With this given purpose, I believe that you as a part of JHS

student from the grade 7th to 10th is relevant to the study. As part of my data collection

procedures, I am handing out papers that you will assess. This assessment will only take

small amount in your time. Your answers are helpful to our studies as you are relevant. We

the researchers personally thanked your honest answers for it is to be kept private and only be

used in our research. If you have any questions regarding this, feel free to contact

09067211928 or [email protected].

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