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Calorimetry H C Verma Questions and Answers

As a physicist, you put heat into a 500 g solid sample at the rate of10.0 kJ/ min, while recording its temperature as a function of time. You plot your data and obtain the graph shown in figure. (a) What is the latent heat of fusion for this solid? (b) What is the specific heat of solid state of the material? The document contains multiple physics problems and their step-by-step solutions.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
358 views121 pages

Calorimetry H C Verma Questions and Answers

As a physicist, you put heat into a 500 g solid sample at the rate of10.0 kJ/ min, while recording its temperature as a function of time. You plot your data and obtain the graph shown in figure. (a) What is the latent heat of fusion for this solid? (b) What is the specific heat of solid state of the material? The document contains multiple physics problems and their step-by-step solutions.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics

JEE | NEET

S O L U T I O
N S
As a physicist, you put heat into a 500 g solid sample at the rate
of10.0 kJ/ min, while recording its temperature as a function of
time. You plot your data and obtain the graph shown in figure. (a)
What is the latent heat of fusion for this solid? (b) What is the
specific heat of solid state of the material?
As a physicist, you put heat into a 500 g solid sample at the rate
of10.0 kJ/ min, while recording its temperature as a function of
time. You plot your data and obtain the graph shown in figure. (a)
What is the latent heat of fusion for this solid? (b) What is the
specific heat of solid state of the material?
(a) Between t = 1 min to t = 3 min, there is no rise in the temperature
of the substance.

Therefore, solid melts in this time.

×
(b) We know,
or

Specific heat in solid state


×
×
A hot body placed in air is cooled according to Newton’s law of
cooling, the rate of decrease of temperature being k times the
temperature difference from the surroundings. Starting from t = 0,
find the time in which the body will lose half the maximum
temperature it can lose.
A hot body placed in air is cooled according to Newton’s law of
cooling, the rate of decrease of temperature being k times the
temperature difference from the surroundings. Starting from t = 0,
find the time in which the body will lose half the maximum
temperature it can lose.
Let be the temperature of surrounding and be the temperature of
hot body at some instant.
Then,

 temperature at 

Solving this equation, we get


Maximum temperature it can lose is
From Eq. (i),

Given that

Solving this equation we get,


Three rods of copper, brass and steel are welded together to form
a Y -shaped structure. The cross-sectional area of each rod is 4
cm2 . The end of copper rod is maintained at 100 °C and the ends of
the brass and steel rods at 80 °C and 60°C respectively. Assume
that there is no loss of heat from the surfaces of the rods. The
lengths of rods are : copper 46 cm, brass 13 cm and steel 12 cm. (a)
What is the temperature of the junction point? (b) What is the heat
current in the copper rod? K (copper) = 0.92 , K (steel) = 0.12 and K
(brass ) = 0.26 cal/ cm-s °C
Three rods of copper, brass and steel are welded together to form
a Y -shaped structure. The cross-sectional area of each rod is 4
cm2 . The end of copper rod is maintained at 100 °C and the ends of
the brass and steel rods at 80 °C and 60°C respectively. Assume
that there is no loss of heat from the surfaces of the rods. The
lengths of rods are : copper 46 cm, brass 13 cm and steel 12 cm. (a)
What is the temperature of the junction point? (b) What is the heat
current in the copper rod? K (copper) = 0.92 , K (steel) = 0.12 and K
(brass ) = 0.26 cal/ cm-s °C
Let θ be the temperature of junction. Then, H1 + H2 = H3

Solving this equation we have, .


(b) Heat current in copper rod, ×
Ice at 0°C is added to 200 g of water initially at 70°C in a vacuum
flask. When 50 g of ice has been added and has all melted the
temperature of the flask and contents is 40°C. When a further 80 g
of ice has been added and has all melted the temperature of the
whole becomes 10°C. Find the latent heat of fusion of ice.
Ice at 0°C is added to 200 g of water initially at 70°C in a vacuum
flask. When 50 g of ice has been added and has all melted the
temperature of the flask and contents is 40°C. When a further 80 g
of ice has been added and has all melted the temperature of the
whole becomes 10°C. Find the latent heat of fusion of ice.
Let heat capacity of flask is C and latent heat of fusion of ice is L
Then,
× × × ×
Or …(i)

Further, × × × ×

Solving Eq. (i) and (ii), we have


A copper cube of mass 200 g slides down a rough inclined plane of
inclination 37 ° at a constant speed. Assuming that the loss in
mechanical energy goes into the copper block as thermal energy.
Find the increase in temperature of the block as it slides down
through 60 cm. Specific heat capacity of copper is equal to 420 J/
kg-K.(Take, g = 10 m/ s2 )
A copper cube of mass 200 g slides down a rough inclined plane of
inclination 37 ° at a constant speed. Assuming that the loss in
mechanical energy goes into the copper block as thermal energy.
Find the increase in temperature of the block as it slides down
through 60 cm. Specific heat capacity of copper is equal to 420 J/
kg-K.(Take, g = 10 m/ s2 )
According to the principle of conservation of energy,
work done against friction
)

3
5

×
A cylindrical block of length 0.4m and area of cross-section 0.04 m2
is placed coaxially on a thin metal disc of mass 0.4 kg and of the
same cross-section. The upper face of the cylinder is maintained at
a constant temperature of 400K and the initial temperature of the
disc is 300K. If the thermal conductivity of the material of the
cylinder is 10 watt/m-K and the specific heat of the material of the
disc is 600 J / kg - K , how long will it take for the temperature of
the disc to increase to 350 K? Assume for purpose of calculation
the thermal conductivity of the disc to be very high and the system
to be thermally insulated except for the upper face of the cylinder.
A cylindrical block of length 0.4m and area of cross-section 0.04 m2
is placed coaxially on a thin metal disc of mass 0.4 kg and of the
same cross-section. The upper face of the cylinder is maintained at
a constant temperature of 400K and the initial temperature of the
disc is 300K. If the thermal conductivity of the material of the
cylinder is 10 watt/m-K and the specific heat of the material of the
disc is 600 J / kg - K , how long will it take for the temperature of
the disc to increase to 350 K? Assume for purpose of calculation
the thermal conductivity of the disc to be very high and the system
to be thermally insulated except for the upper face of the cylinder.
Using

Solving this, we get, .


A metallic cylindrical vessel whose inner and outer radii are r1 and
r2 is filled with ice at 0° C. The mass of the ice in the cylinder is m.
Circular portions of the cylinder is sealed with completely
adiabatic walls. The vessel is kept in air. Temperature of the air is
50° C. How long will it take for the ice to melt completely. Thermal
conductivity of the cylinder is K and its length is l .Latent heat of
fusion is L.
A metallic cylindrical vessel whose inner and outer radii are r1 and
r2 is filled with ice at 0° C. The mass of the ice in the cylinder is m.
Circular portions of the cylinder is sealed with completely
adiabatic walls. The vessel is kept in air. Temperature of the air is
50° C. How long will it take for the ice to melt completely. Thermal
conductivity of the cylinder is K and its length is l .Latent heat of
fusion is L.
Consider a differential cylinder
We know,
An electric heater is placed inside a room of total wall area137 m2
to maintain the temperature inside at 20 ° C . The outside
temperature is −10 ° C. The walls are made of three composite
materials. The inner most layer is made of wood of thickness 2.5
cm the middle layer is of cement of thickness 1 cm and the exterior
layer is of brick of thickness 2.5 cm. Find the power of electric
heater assuming that there is no heat losses through the floor and
ceiling . The thermal conductivities of wood, cement and brick are
0.125 W/ m - °C , 1.5 W/ m - °C and 1.0 W/ m - °C respectively.
An electric heater is placed inside a room of total wall area137 m2
to maintain the temperature inside at 20 ° C . The outside
temperature is −10 ° C. The walls are made of three composite
materials. The inner most layer is made of wood of thickness 2.5
cm the middle layer is of cement of thickness 1 cm and the exterior
layer is of brick of thickness 2.5 cm. Find the power of electric
heater assuming that there is no heat losses through the floor and
ceiling . The thermal conductivities of wood, cement and brick are
0.125 W/ m - °C , 1.5 W/ m - °C and 1.0 W/ m - °C respectively.
Three thermal resistances are in series.

× × ×
× × ×

Now, heat current


A 2 m long wire of resistance 4 Ω and diameter 0.64 mm is coated
with plastic insulation of thickness 0.66 mm. A current of 5 A flows
through the wire. Find the temperature difference across the
insulation in the steady state. Thermal conductivity of plastic is
0.16 × 10 − 2 cal/ s cm - ° C.
A 2 m long wire of resistance 4 Ω and diameter 0.64 mm is coated
with plastic insulation of thickness 0.66 mm. A current of 5 A flows
through the wire. Find the temperature difference across the
insulation in the steady state. Thermal conductivity of plastic is
0.16 × 10 − 2 cal/ s cm - ° C.
Thermal resistance of plastic coating

diameter

×
× × × ×

Now,
Let be the temperature of and the temperature of at some
instant of time. Further let be the temperature difference at that
instant.
Then

and 

and
Further, 

or

Solving, we get where,


constant (i)

or
Substituting in Eq. (i), we have

x
l

or
l
x

Or,
l
We Know

×
20 10
0.25×10 𝐾×10

Solving this equation, we get


Or,

Or,

Substituting this value of in Eq. (i), we have


( + )
2
Or,

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