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Accomplishment of Resonant Converter in the field of Electrostatic Precipitator:

An Extensive Review

Article  in  Caribbean Journal of Science · January 2019

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Volume 53, ISSUE 2 (MAY - AUG), 2019 ISSN: 0008-6452

Accomplishment of Resonant Converter in the field of Electrostatic

Precipitator: An Extensive Review
Mr. M.Karunakaran1, Dr.PSivakumar2 Dr N.Chitra3
1. Research Scholar/ Anna University &Asst.Prof /Dept of EEE, S.K.P.
Engineering. College, Tiruvannamalai.
2. Professor/Dept of ECE, Karpagham College of Engineering , Coimbatore.
3. Professor/Dept of EEE, S.K.P. Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai.

ABSTRACT:
Due to the urgent need of dust particulates removal exhausting to the
environment, the electrostatic precipitators are universally used technology in most
of the power plant sectors. High voltage DC power supply is the required one in
energizing ESP. DC/DC resonant converters have acquired the exploration of
several researchers in the HVDC supply to ESP. The soar of the potential of this
industrial sector has since led to a profusion of reviews on resonant converter
methodologies with the objective to improve the characteristics of soft switching,
huge power density, and smooth signals and enhanced efficiency. The efficiency of
these converters has been established, thus is definitely chosen over hard switching
traditional converters due to their capability to both operate at high frequency and
diminish the switching losses. Researchers are yet being pursued to significantly
diminish the price and number of components, in addition improving areas such as
huge power density, increased efficiency, broad load variations, and reliability.
This paper depicts the principles of resonant power converters (RPCs) in ESP
applications. Many current research leanings have addressed on the enlargement of
their structures, working principles, advantages and disadvantages. The review of
several resonant DC–DC converter methodologies recommends that there is not
even a single methodology that can attain all needs.

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Keywords: Electrostatic Precipitator, Resonant Converter, High Voltage DC

supply.

1. INTRODUCTION:
Day by day the energy demand is increasing in present scenario. To satisfy
the demand many conventional technologies are already in the role such as thermal
power plant, diesel generator etc., Even though these plants are trying to satisfy our
energy demand, it also induces many drawbacks like Ash removal Carbon
particles, sulphur compounds, black carbon and unburned hydro carbons and
aromatic hydro carbons in the exhaust gases coming out from industries. In recent
years, it is mandatory to go for removal of dust particles as it pollutes the
environment. As a consequence, it causes many diseases to the human being.
Several reviews imply that these fly ash particulates strengthen the above said
issues. These environmental and health related issues have given pressure to the
researchers to search for an opt methodology to remove these types of particles.
As a solution it has been identified back filters, bed filters, scrubbers,
cyclones and Electrostatic precipitators are playing a vital role in removing such
particles. Back filters can able to dispose particulates with more efficiency (99%)
,at the same time it has huge pressure drop across a filter. Similarly, the other
cleaning devices such as cyclones, scrubbers and bed filters dispose the
particulates with very high operating temperature. It will damage the equipment.
Hence it has been identified that electrostatic precipitator are widely used
equipment in most of the power plant as well as in cement industries also. These
precipitators can remove the particles even less than 2.5 micro meter.
To feed electrostatic precipitator high voltage dc power source in the
range of KV and KW is required. The applications of high frequency HVDC
supply for Electrostatic precipitators has significant benefits as compared to the

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conventional frequency energization. The overall size, weight of the equipment

will get reduced if we use high switching frequency compared to the low frequency
operation. Besides smooth ripple free dc output voltage can be obtained due to the
high switching frequency. As a result, the filtering efficiency will be improved
[1-2].

There are two approaches generally followed for high frequency power
supply. In the first approach the PWM based pulses will be used for energizing the
transformer. These approaches are classified as hard switching and so it reduces
the efficiency of the ESP because of switching losses. In the second approach
resonant converters allow the high frequency transformer in the circuit operation.
This approach is also known as soft switching. So that it reduces the harmonic in
the output of the inverter and feed to the switching transformer, this helps to
enhance the efficiency of overall system and also reduces over all stress on ESP
electrode [3-7]

By considering the above said issues, it has been identified that resonant
converter based high frequency switching transformer recommended in ESP.
Hence in this paper, a brief literature review has been done based on resonant
converter role in high voltage DC supply to ESP [8-9]

This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the circuit diagram of

resonant converter in ESP. Section 3 presents various research articles that applied
resonant converter in their work. Section 4 outlines the conclusion.

2. RESONANT POWER CONVERTERS (RPCS) IN ESP

In recent years, resonant power converters have been reviewed and proposed
to increase their capability to meet out the industry oriented power electronics
necessities such as huge power density, efficient transformation, lighter in weight

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with mini size, and so on. These enhancements will upgrade the usage of these
power converters in most of the green energy applications like electrical vehicle,
battery chargers, solar photovoltaic sources, induction heating systems, fuel cell
systems and energy supplies. At the same time, each resonant power converter
applies variety of control strategy to achieve soft switching necessities instead of
adopting auxiliary elements to individual switch. The block diagram representation
of a resonant power converter (RPC) is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig1. Structure of Resonant Power Converter

In this block diagram, each part embodies a specified work to be executed.

DC source powers the regulated switching network (CSN) which shifts on and off
quickly as per the working frequency so as to generate the output current or
voltage that feeds the next stage. A stage of high-frequency resonant tank network
(RTN) consisting two or more reactive equipments is utilized to produce sinusoidal
voltage and current waveforms to mitigate distorted harmonics and
Electromagnetic Interference(EMI) Since this part is utilized as an energy
buffering in between the CSN and the load, it can be recognized by the frequency
selective system. In specific, during resonance condition, the impedances of both
inductance and capacitance are identical, which will produce the resonant

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frequency. After that, the output signal is rectified and filtered by a rectifier
network and pass filter to generate the needed DC output voltage.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW OF RESONANT CONVERTER IN ESP

3.1. PARALLEL RESONANT TOPOLOGY IN ESP

The author Pedro J.Villegas [11] presents an article in the parallel resonant
topology. In his work PRC-LCC with capacitor as output filter is proposed. The
high frequency switched mode power supply with two versions of inverter: silicon
IGBTs and silicon carbide MOSFETs have been implemented and also compared.
The author did the experimental set up for an 80 KW power converter .the results
proven that the efficiency comes around 98% and the analyses are done with the
help of Bode diagram.

Fig 2 PRC-LCC Resonant Converter

3.2. SILICON CARBIDE MOSFET LCC RESONANT CONVERTER IN

ESP

The article[12] proposed Sic MOSFET with LCC resonant converter in the
field of ESP. High efficiency increased switching speed, higher operating
temperature are the main reason to replace Si IGBT in the conventional converter

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system. Therefore this article proposed a full bridge resonant converter which is
rated at 60kw using Sic MOSFET was implemented. The experimental setup was
also done. The results prove that compared to Si IGBT 1.6 times the efficiency was
better in SiC MOSFET. The reliability of the network is also 2.5 times greater that
Si IGBT. At last, in this work an attempt has been made in improving the
redundancy is the system. As a conclusion, the author stated that Sic MOSFET are
the right choice to replace Si IGBTs

Fig 3 SiC MOSFET LCC Resonant Converter

3.3 HIGH FREQUENCY LCC RESONANT CONVERTER FOR ESP

Thiago B. Soeiro,[13] recommended a article for ESP using series parallel

resonant converters. The LCC resonant converter for a 60kw high frequency
power supply is designed and implemented. The genetic algorithm based control
strategy is given as a closed loop system in this work. Both zero current switching
and zero voltage switching strategy are followed in the work. The closed loop
control strategy applies with PI controller and result proves and that the efficiency
of the ESP comes around 99%. The experimental result also evaluated in
MATLAB/ Simulink platform.

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Fig 4 High Frequency LCC Resonant Converter

3.4. PHASE CONTROLLED SERIES PARALLEL RESONANT

CONVERTER

A phase-controlled series-parallel resonant converter for electrostatic

precipitators is presented in [14]. When comparing with the conventional
frequency power supplies, the converter is lesser in size, more efficiency, and
provides a quick transient response. The converter is digitally regulated and the
chances of spark control utilizing a DSP algorithm is presented. Working behavior
of the power supply with the nonlinear precipitator load is experimentally
investigated. Here the PC SPRC comprises of two similar series-parallel inverters.
Every inverter comprises of two switches with anti-parallel diodes and a series-
parallel resonant circuit.

Fig 5 Phase Controlled SPRC

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3.5 FULL BRIDGE SERIES PARALLEL RESONANT CONVERTER

In [15], the full-bridge series-parallel resonant converters which is also
called as LCC resonant converters is proposed. He capacitor is acting as output
filter with high output voltage (>50kV), high power (>50kW) and also increased
frequency (20 kHz).The transformer leakage inductance and the transformer
winding capacitance and an extra cascade resonant capacitor forms the LCC
resonant converter. Discontinuous current control mode with ZCS turn-on and
ZVZCS turn-off of the power switches are obtained. A prototype model of
31KV/22KW has been built to validate the working principle of the circuit.

Fig 6 Full Bridge SPRC

3.6 HALF BRIDGE RESONANT CONVERTERS IN ESP

In [16], a 60kV/60kW high voltage power supply for ESP is implemented. It

utilizes a multi module half-bridge quasi resonant circuit, and offers a broad range
of output voltage under the soft switching and there by diminishes the energy
consumption. The operating states of the circuit are elaborately analyzed and the
approximate estimation of procedure of the key parameters is highlighted in this
paper. Besides, the specifications for design of high voltage transformer are also
presented. At last, the simulation results are evaluated using MATLAB platform.

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Fig 7 Half Bridge Resonant Converter

3.7. THE INFLUENCE OF PARALLEL RESONANT CONVERTER

The article [17] discuss about the four operating modes of LCC resonant
converter. It also highlights the design specifications of series inductance, series
capacitors, shunt capacitance .The experimental set up is done to validate the
dominance of parallel capacitance to output voltage. The result has been efficiently
applied to the follow on laws 75KV, 400mA frequency ESP power. Article
conclusions executed certain practical importance to the high switching frequency
ESP power.

4. CONCLUSIONS:
This article has shortly summarized the approaches of resonant power
converters, in Electro Static Precipitators. The various resonant converters
proposed for ESP application has been reviewed and analyzed. The study has also
reviewed the blooming of resonant converters in the last few years and posted their
merits and capabilities to obtain soft switching and generate more efficiencies.
Control strategies have been discussed, as well as the application areas of different
resonant converters, along with their pros and cons. The paper review described in
this study encompasses few of the most important studies on resonant power
converters that are believed to give a perception to forthcoming researchers on the
current status of the review area.

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5. REFERENCE
[1] Milan Krasl, RostislavVlk ,”Electrical Precipitation and its Power
Supply,”EUROCON,2005.

[2] M.D.Sharath Kumar, Dr.A.D.Srinivasan,”Studies on the Electrical

Characteristics of a Thermal Power Plant Electrostatic Precipitator,” Intrenational
Conference on Power and Advanced Control Engineering(ICPACE),2015.

[3]Dr.Norbert Grass, Dr. Werner Hartmann, Michael Klockner,”Application of

Different Types of High Voltage Supplies on Industrial Electrostatic
Precipitators,”IEEE Xplore,2009.

[4] Zhuohan Li, Cheng Shao, Yi An,et.al.,”Three Phase High Voltage Power
Supply Design for ESP Based on Phase Sequence Self-Adaption and Redundant
Spark Detection,”IEEEXplore.

[5]Norbert Grass, Thomas Fischer,”High Voltage Power Supply and Control

Technologies for ESP in Biomass Applications,”EPC-0317,2014.

[6]A.S.M Sayem ,M.M.K. Khan,et.al,”Experimental Study of High Voltage

Electrostatic Precipitator to achieve higher collection efficiency,”IEEEXplore.

[7]ShengweFan, YiqinYuan,et.al.,”Design and Analysis of High Voltage Power

Supply for Industrial Electrostatic Precipitators,”International Power Electronics
Conference,2018.

[8]ThiagoB.Soeiro, Jonas Muhlethaler, Jorgen Linner, “Automated Design of a

High Power High Frequency LCC Resonant Converter For Electrostatic
Precipitator,” in IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics 2013

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[9]J. Liu, L. Sheng, J. Shi, Z. Zhang, and X. He, "LCC resonant converter
operatingunder discontinuous resonant current mode in high voltage, high power
and high frequencyapplications," in Conf. Rec. IEEE APEC 2009.

[10]Mohamed Salema,,”Resonant power converters with respect to passive storage

(LC) elements and control techniques – An overview, Renewable and sustainable
energy review, 2018, vol 91, pp:504-520.

[11] Pedro J. Villegas et.al.,”A Power Converter for an Electrostatic Precipitator

using SiCMOSFETs,”IEEE Xplore,2017.

[12]Diane-PerleSadik,JuanColmenares et.al.,” Introduction of SIC MOSFETs in

Converters based on SI IGBTs,” in IEEE Xplore-2017.

[14]SanbaoZheng and DarisuzCzarkowski,”High-Voltage High Power Resonant

Converter For Electrostatic Precipitator”, IEEE Xplore, 2003.

[15] Jun Liu, Licheng Sheng, “LCC Resonant Converter Operating Under
Discontinuous Resonant Current Mode In High Voltage, High Power And High
Frequency Applications”, IEEE XPLORE, 2009.

[16]Shengwen Fan1,” Design And Analysis Of High Voltage Power Supply For
Industrial Electrostatic Precipitators”, The International Power Electronics
Conference,2018.

[17]Chaohai Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Desheng Zhou, “ The Influence of Parallel

Capacitor to Output Voltage in High-Frequency ESP Power”, IEEE Electrical
Power & Energy Conference (EPEC) .

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