Project 5
Project 5
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CHAPTERS Page.no
CHAPTER-I
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CHAPTER-I
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CHAPTER-1
Tirupur, the heartland of the knitwear industry in India has a supplier base which consists
essentially of manufacturer who are mostly integrated forward or backward if not vertical. There
are number of spinners of yarn integrating forward to set up knitting plant; textile process house
and then further integrating forward to become makers of garments. Such forward integrated
exporters who have grown forward from yarn spinners are Eastman, Centwin, Poppy's, Tube
Knits Fashions, KPR etc. and those who have grown forward from leading process houses are
Victus Dyeing (Geena Garments), Reliance Dyeing, SCM, PKP etc.
Have also integrated forward to establish garment making units. Examples of backward
integration are very few like Dhanam International, Kay Tee Corporation, Network Clothing
Company etc. In Tirupur, if the integration is not wholly owned by the exporter to become a
vertical unit then the exporters buy stakes or invest into a process house to become partners to
ensure preference to their orders for the textile process and maintain standard quality as desired
by their buyers.
Tirupur textile industry has units all along the value chain of knitwear starting from spinning,
knitting wet processing, printing, garment manufacturing and exports.
In addition there are ancillary units supplying buttons, laces, embroidery, cones and yarn
processing etc. Despite being late entrant, Tirupur's annual production far exceeds that of other
knitwear clusters. There are more than 500 production units which are involved in exports of
knitwear from Tirupur. Entire Tirupur cluster generates direct employment for over 300,000
persons. Tirupur in 1981 had a meager share of 15% of the total knitwear exports from India and
by year 2000 its share reached a formidable figure of 51%.
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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT
The objective of the research reported here is to develop a virtual fabric handling experience
using a haptic display. Development of the capability for haptic simulation of fabric hand
requires a feedback system to translate fabric property data into a virtual haptic display.
Fabric hand refers to the total sensations experienced when a fabric is touched or manipulated in
the fingers. Term "fabric handle" or simply "handle" or "hand" is also used. It is a complex
parameter and is related to the fabric properties such as flexibility, compressibility, elasticity,
resilience, density, surface contour (roughness, smoothness), surface friction and thermal
character.
Filament yarns composed of one filament are called monofilament yarns and those with many
filaments are called multifilament yarns. For apparel fabrics multifilament yarns are usually
used.
Objective assessment has a different primary goal: it is to predict fabric hand by testing
relationships between sensory reactions and instrumental data. In 1930 Peirce described first a
way of measuring some fabric mechanical properties related to fabric drape and fabric hand.
Lindberg and Dahlberg later established the relationship of properties and garment appearance in
1961
YARNS
A continuous strand of twisted threads of natural or synthetic fibers, such as wool or nylon, used
in weaving or knitting. A similar strand of other materials such as glass or plastic.
Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric; it is used in many
types of garments.
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1.3 SCOPE OF THE COMPANY
The scope and prospects of knitting in garment manufacturing as well as the features of the
machinery available for direct ... An analysis of apparel industry fit sessions ·
The knitting technology has been playing a very vital role in our life style since 1000 B.C. It not
only produces fabrics and shaped garments for apparel and household purposes but also for
various technical end applications.
Knowledge developed in the past, particularly in the last 50 years in the field of knitting
technology has contributed significantly to the developments of state-of-the-art machinery on
one hand and highly sophisticated and specialised textile products on the other.
The basic principles of knitting technology as well as the recent developments in knitting are
now- a-days included in the syllabi of the textile related undergraduate and postgraduate courses
all over the country.
Spacer fabrics may have open or closed structure or a gridded, mesh-like structure. Various mesh
sizes can be obtained by regulating the distance between inlay yarns in two directions. Spacer
fabrics with open structures find appropriate application for concrete reinforcement owing to
better flow of the concrete mixture into the fabrics.
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1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE COMPANY
The second most popular technique of fabric or garment formation by inter-looping one or one
set of yarns. Continuous length of yarn is converted into vertically intermeshed loops either by
hand or by machine. The most important parameter of a knitted fabric is loop length which can
be varied during knitting by changing machine parameters, process parameters and yarn
parameters. The other important parameters of a knitted fabric which are considered for
assessing the quality of the fabric are courses per inch, wales per inch, stitch density, GSM and
tightness factor.
Types of knitting:
1. Weft -We should all concentrate on using cotton and allied yarn in Knitting industry for
value addition for the economic upliftment.
2. Warp knitting
Weft knitting is where the loops are formed one after another in a weft-ways direction as the
fabric is formed. Warp knitting is where a set of warp yarns are simultaneously formed into
loops.
[table id=20 /]
Knitting fabric properties:
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[table id=19 /]
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CHAPTER-2
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CHAPTER-2
Proprietor : vikaram
TIN No : 33CZFS1054N1Z3
PAN No : CZFPS1054N
Number of employees 30
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2.2 ABOUT THE COMPANY
Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric; it is used in many
types of garments. Knitting may be done by hand or by machine. Structure of stockinette stitch, a
common weave in knitted fabric. The meandering red path defines one course, the path of the
yarn through the fabric.
Knitting is a technique for producing two domination fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn
or thread. Knitting, production of fabric by employing a continuous yarn or set of yarns to form a
series of interlocking loops.
Knitted garments are often more form-fitting than woven garments, since their elasticity allows
them to contour to the body's outline more closely; by contrast, curvature is introduced into most
woven garments only with sewn darts, flares, gussets and gores, the seams of which lower the
elasticity of the woven fabric still further.
Knitting is done by hand or using machines. In hand-knitting, fabric is produced using flat
knitting or circular knitting methods. While flat knitting produces two-dimensional flat fabric,
circular
knitting creates tubular-shaped fabric. The basic process begins with casting on, or creation of
stitches on the needle.
Knitting also helps in the area of social interaction; knitting provides people with opportunities to
socialize with others. Some ways to increase social interaction with knitting is inviting friends
over to knit and chat with each other. Even if they've never knitted before this can be a fun way
to interact with friends. Many public libraries and yarn stores host knitting groups where knitters
can meet locally to engage with others interested in hand crafts.
Another interesting way that knitting can positively impact one's life is improving the dexterity
in your hands and fingers. This keeps the fingers limber and can be especially helpful for those
with arthritis.
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2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY
Profit Earning.
Creation of customers.
Regular innovations.
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CHAPTER-3
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CHAPTER-3
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3.2 DEPARTMENT WISE CHART
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CHAPTER-4
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CHAPTER-4
1. ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT
Administrative department's main function is to control the hole. The firm's administrative
authority remains in hands of managing director and general manager.
2.PERSONAL DEPARTMENT
The functions of personal department
Training and development is an Important part of the personal department. It's a worker training
and external development in company management.
Salaries and wages paid by employer to company management in minimum wages act.
SECURITY CONTROL
The company management maintains for separate Control in the concern two shifts works mainly.
Apart from financial incentives the two key interesting elements are Yarn Bank and financial
assistance for the solar energy scheme. The scheme was launched simultaneously in three major
clusters, Tirupur, Ludhiana and Kolkata.
Bookkeeping
This is the most basic function of the finance department. It involves the day-to-day recording,
analysis and interpretation of a company’s financial transactions.
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4. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
The purchasing department is similar to the sourcing department but the main difference is that
the sourcing department works for sourcing the fabrics alone while the purchasing department
works for sourcing the accessories and trims. However, the working procedure is the same. The
working is as follows.
Then the purchasing department has to follow up with the supplier for deliveries as and when the
merchandiser asks for the new set of the materials for that particular style and then the
department also has to maintain the receipts and also they have to maintain the documents of the
inspections that are being carried out for those materials.
Often, state, local or federal laws require government agencies to make certain purchases
through a competitive bidding process. Some private companies follow the same practice and
task their procurement department with soliciting and evaluating bids and selecting the best
business to supply the goods or services.
For example, a county government’s purchasing department might solicit bids from automobile
dealers to replace police cars. A growing tech company might petition bids from furniture
companies to furnish a new department.
Purchasing departments employ agents, buyers, managers and support staff such as assistants and
receptionists. Purchasing department personnel typically work full time and some work more
than 40 hours per week.
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Typically, purchasing department employees have bachelor’s degrees in areas such as supply
management, finance or business. However, some small companies or organizations employ
purchasing staff who have not earned a college degree.
5.PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
A production department is a group of functions within a business that is responsible for the
manufacture of goods. ... The production department can be the largest organization within a
business. It may employee mechanics, machine setup specialists, maintenance personnel, and
machine operators.
The production function relates the maximum amount of output that can be obtained from a
given number of inputs. A production function relates physical output of a production process to
physical inputs or factors of production. It is a mathematical function that relates the maximum
amount of output that can be obtained from a given number of inputs – generally capital and
labor. The production function, therefore, describes a boundary or frontier representing the limit
of output obtainable from each feasible combination of inputs.
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Production Calculations, Weft Knitting Calculation, knitting machine speed, number of feeds,
knitted fabric production, knitted fabric weight, relation between length, width and weight,
production calculations, GSM Grams per square meter, length of fabric produced, Loop
length, Course length, Stitch density, Feeder density, Suitable yarn count for single jersey
knitting machine, Wales space, Fabric thickness, Fabric diameter (Tubular), Yarn length per
stitch, Yarn length per course
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PRODUCTION PROCESS
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6. STORES DEPARTMENT
A department store is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different
areas of the store, each area ("department") specializing in a product category. Some stores are
one of many within a larger retail chain, while others are independent retailers.
Knitting machines and knitting in general at Distinctive Knits. See more ideas about knitting,
machine. The in-charge of store is called storekeeper or stores manager. The organisation of the
stores department depends upon the size and layout of the factory, nature of the materials stored
and frequency of purchases and issue of materials.
The main duties and responsibilities of a store-keeper are: To issue requisition on purchase
department for purchasing materials at the right time. To accept into stores, materials supplied by
suppliers or returned by production departments. To check in all materials as to quality and
quantity.
Stores Organisation. All the items are stored at one place. Materials are received by & issued
from one store. It is ideal from control point of view. Most of the business concerns have a
practice to follow this system Centralised Stores.
7. SALES DEPARTMENT
The sales department consists of a set of business activities and processes that help a sales
organization run effectively, efficiently and in support of business strategies and objectives.
The sales department generally includes sales, sales support or business operations.
This is a core business practice which is applied to conserve a margin and simultaneously satisfy
the market demand. In any business, a well established S&OP process is the mark of excellence.
A sales and operations plan is generally prepared on the basis on the Annual Operations Plan
(AOP) which is based on sales and supply.
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DIRECT EXPORT
Supplies Made to Order from World's Largest Supplier Base. Join Free! Logistics Service. Most
Popular. Production Monitoring. Trade Assurance. Types: Clothing, Phones and Accessories,
Computers, Consumer Electronics.
Export process of Knitted or crocheted fabrics, government rules to export Knitted or crocheted
fabrics, different precautions to be taken care to export Knitted or crocheted fabrics , export
documentation to export Knitted or crocheted fabrics.
8. EXPORT DEPARTMENT
As sales are solely the result of a marketing policy, the export department might be described as
an instrument that carries out all the tasks generated by the international marketing policies of
the company. The export department has concrete goals: to perform all the tasks related to the
international sales.
This post explains export process of Knitted or crocheted fabrics, government rules to export
Knitted or crocheted fabrics, different precautions to be taken care to export Knitted or crocheted
fabrics , export documentation to export Knitted or crocheted fabrics .
Any importer or exporter of Knitted or crocheted fabrics should know ITC code (HS code) of
their export product. Knitted or crocheted fabrics Export guidelines to foreign buyers of pile
fabrics, including "long pile" fabrics and terry fabrics.
Export clearance procedures of knitted or crocheted fabrics of wool or fine animal hair, Export
documents require for knitted or crocheted fabrics containing by weight 5% or more of
elastomeric yarn, Customs procedures to export knitted or crocheted fabrics
Government licenses required to export knitted or crocheted fabrics of synthetic fibers, Methods
to export knitted or crocheted fabrics of artificial fibers, Export procedures to bring knitted or
crocheted fabrics unbleached or bleached, Shipping procedures to export knitted or crocheted
fabrics dyed, Export tips to foreign buyers of knitted or crocheted fabrics.
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9. ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
An accounting department provides accounting services and manages the finances of a company.
Its responsibilities include recording accounts, paying bills, billing clients and customers,
tracking assets and expenditures, managing payroll and keeping track of critical tax documents.
CASH BOOK
A cash book is a financial journal that contains all cash receipts and disbursements, including
bank deposits and withdrawals. Entries in the cash book are then posted into the general ledger.
JOURNAL
PURCHASE JOURNAL
SALES JOURNAL
A sales journal is a specialized accounting journal and it is also a prime entry book used in an
accounting system to keep track of the sales of items that customers have purchased on account
by charging a receivable on the debit side of an accounts receivable account and crediting
revenue on the credit side.
LEDGER
A ledger account contains a record of business transactions. It is a separate record within the
general ledger that is assigned to a specific asset, liability, equity item, revenue type, or expense
type. Examples of ledger accounts are: Cash. Accounts receivable.
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ACCOUNTS DETAILS
Account Details: customer name and account number. Basic: It includes the basic information
about the account, like customer ID, account type, mode of operation, status, etc. Balance and
Limits: It includes information like available balance, amount hold, net balance, unclear funds,
overdraft limits, etc.
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CHAPTER-5
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CHAPTER-5
The superior knitting is rapidly developing superior knitting unit. It is outcome of hard work and
the efficient skilled by the general manner
Knitting has significant psychology and social benefits, which can contribute to
wellbeing and quality of life. As a skilled and creative occupation, it has therapeutic potential-an
area requiring further research. We should all concentrate on using cotton and allied yarn in
Knitting industry for value addition for the economic upliftment of our We should all concentrate
on using cotton and allied yarn in Knitting industry for value addition for the economic
upliftment of our company.
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