MODULE 1

PHYSICAL FITNESS

Lesson 1: Fitness concepts and assessments

Lesson 2: Physical Activity
Lesson 3: Exercise variables and principles (Individuality, Specificity, Progression, Overload,
Adaptation, Recovery, Reversibility, Warm-Up, Cool Down)

I. DESCRIPTION

This module focuses on the fundamental components and principles of fitness, including
competency in motor skills, movement patterns, and strategies needed to perform a variety of
physical activities. Students will work towards achieving a level of physical fitness for health
and performance while demonstrating knowledge of fitness concepts, principles, and strategies.

II. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

a. Analyze the variables and principles of exercise;
b. performed physical fitness tests properly;
c. participate in any fitness trends in the Philippines;
d. emphasize the importance of fitness.

III. INTRODUCTION
Physical Education is "education through the physical". It is an important part of
holistic schooling. PE is a part of school being about something beyond learning, it's tied in with
instructing the entire individual, all-encompassing training that betters us in an overall sense,
instead of a just scholarly encounter.

Physical Education plays an important role in human development and continues to

expand at a fast rate. It is an academic discipline that promotes participation, inclusion, and
sense of belonging which contributes to man’s healthy living. There are many benefits of
having regular physical activity. These are: Builds Self-Confidence, Develops Motor Skills,
Health and Nutrition, Relieves Stress etc.
 IV. LEARNING CONTENT

LESSON 1: Fitness Concepts and Assessments

A. Discussion

Physical Fitness alludes to the capacity of your body frameworks to cooperate effectively to
permit you to be sound and perform exercises of day by day living. Being effective methods doing day by
day exercises with the least exertion conceivable. A fit individual can perform homework, meet home
duties, and still have enough vitality to appreciate sport and other recreation exercises. A fit individual can
react viably to ordinary life circumstances, for example, raking leaves at home, loading racks at low
maintenance work, and walking in the band at school. A fit individual can likewise react to crisis
circumstances - for instance, by rushing to find support or helping a companion in trouble.
Fitness is defined as a condition in which an individual has enough energy to avoid fatigue and enjoy life.
Analyze your day. Do you have lots of energy, or do you get tired easily?

Physical fitness is divided into four health- and six skill-related components. Skill-related fitness enhances
one’s performance in athletic or sports events. Health-related fitness is the ability to become and stay
physically healthy.

Before we proceed to our main topic in lesson 1, make sure you have your breakfast and vitamins. And
make sure you have a long patience to read.

Health Related Fitness

Health-related fitness is focus on factors that promote optimum health and prevent the onset of disease and
problems associated with inactivity.
Health Related Fitness

Components Definitions Exercises

Body Composition Body composition ratio of your fat mass to fat-free mass, • Getting Body Mass
is the final component of health-related physical fitness. Index
Because high levels of fat mass are associated with
negative health outcomes, such as heart disease and type
2 diabetes, attaining and maintaining a healthy body
composition is a goal of just about all regular exercise
routines.

Cardiorespiratory Cardiovascular endurance also called as

Endurance cardiorespiratory endurance or aerobic fitness refers to • Running, swimming,
ability of body to efficiently and effectively intake skating, and biking build
oxygen and deliver it to your body's tissues by way of the cardiorespiratory
heart, lungs, arteries, vessels, and veins. endurance.
 • The same goes for brisk
walking and climbing
stairs.

Flexibility Flexibility refers to the ability of joints to move through • Static stretching, where
unrestricted range of motion you. Flexibility is important you hold a stretch for 10
at any age. It plays a role in unhindered movement and to 30 seconds at a time.
can affect your balance, coordination, and agility. • Workouts that take you
Maintaining or improving a full range of motion through through dynamic
your major joints can reduce the likelihood of injury and stretching exercises, such
improve athletic performance. as Yoga and Tai Chi
• Active stretching, such
As you get older, the importance of flexibility becomes as lifting your leg up high
even clearer. Think of individuals who are elderly: Many and holding it there, uses
may walk with a shuffle or have a hard time reaching the contraction of the
their arms over their heads. opposing muscle to relax
the muscle being
stretched.

Muscular Endurance Muscular endurance is the ability of a particular muscle • Continuously pedal a
group to exert force, continuously and repetitively, over a bike over a long distance,
period of time. cyclists have to develop
fatigue-resistant muscles
in their legs and glutes.

• Plank, plank exercise is

designed to develop
abdominal strength. The
longer you're able to
contract your abdominal
muscles and hold your
body in a steady position,
the greater endurance you
have through your hips,
abdominals, and
shoulders.

Muscular Strength If muscular endurance pertains to fatigue-resistant a • Weightlifting

particular muscle group, muscular strength refers to the • Bodyweight exercises
amount of force a particular muscle group can produce in • Resistance band
one, all-out effort. Muscular strength refers to your exercises
ability to move and lift objects. It’s measured by how
much force you can exert and how much weight you can
lift for a short period of time.
 Are you still good? I know you are…

Let us proceed to skill related fitness.

Skill Related Fitness

The skill-related fitness is the ability to perform during games and sports, also called performance fitness.
Skill related components are more relevant to certain athletes. Skill related fitness has six components.
Skill Related Fitness

Components Definitions Exercises

Agility Agility is the ability to move quickly and to easily • Ladder drills
change direction. Basketball players, for instance, are • Cone drills
incredibly agile. During the game, you can observe them,
jumping, sliding, twisting, and backpedaling in quick
response to the movement of the ball and other players.

Balance Balance is the state of equilibrium. Balance refers to the

ability of the body position to remain upright. It deals • Standing on one foot
with proprioception, or knowing where your body is in • Standing yoga poses
space, and being able to adjust your position as your • Using balance discs to
center of gravity changes during movement (Aman et al., perform squats, lunges,
2015). and push-ups

Coordination Coordination is the ability to execute smooth, accurate, • Playing catch

controlled motor responses (optimal interaction of • Jumping rope
muscle function). It is characterized by appropriate • Juggling
speed, distance, direction, timing, and muscular tension. • Dribbling a ball
There are many sports and activities require hand-eye or • Throwing objects at
foot-eye coordination, including basketball, volleyball, specific targets
badminton, baseball, archery, ultimate Frisbee, soccer
 and more.

Power Power combines speed and strength. Wood (2010) author • Squat Jumps
of Topend Sports Website, defined power as the ability • Medicine Ball Slams
to exert a maximal force in as short a time as possible, as • Explosive Push-Up
in accelerating, jumping, and throwing implements.

Reaction Time Reaction time refers to how quickly you can respond to • Fielding a ball (softball,
an external stimulus. Reaction time hinges heavily on baseball)
your mind-body connection. Your eyes see a stimulus, • Protecting the goal as
your mind interprets the stimulus, and your body reacts other players try to score
in accordance with that interpretation. (soccer, hockey, lacrosse)
Much of this mind-body reaction relates to knowledge of • Tools such as lopsided
the activity or sport in question. A professional tennis reaction balls
player can instantly interpret and predict the movement • Playing table tennis or
of a ball. This knowledge enables them to react more hacky sack
quickly to the stimulus.
On the other hand, a beginner tennis player may see the
ball coming off the opponent's rocket, but won't be able
to interpret what they're seeing as quickly, causing their
reaction time to slow.

Speed Speed refers to the distance traveled per unit of time. It is • Hill Sprints
how fast an object is moving. It doesn't have a direction. • Interval Runs
Higher speed means an object is moving faster. Lower
speed means it is moving slower.

At this time, I hope you already know the difference between health-related fitness and skill related fitness.
Because were about to start our 1st activity in lesson 1.

B. Activity
  You have to answer the following questions with your own thoughts/idea’s base on our discussion.
 Each answer must have at least three (3) sentences.

1. Emphasize the importance of fitness.

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2. What are the differences of fitness, health and wellness?

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3. Describe the difference between health-related and skill-related fitness components.

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C. Assessment

Assessment # 1- International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

The accurate measurement of physical activity is very important for monitoring population health
and for evaluating effective interventions. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used
as a comparable and standardized self-report measure of habitual physical activity of populations from
different countries and socio-cultural contexts.

Assessment # 2- Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)

 Having regular physical activity has a great impact in our health. Weight management, reduce your
health risk, strengthen your bones and muscles, improve your ability to do daily activities, prevent falls and
increase your chances of living longer are some benefits of having regular physical exercise. Physical
Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is a self-evaluation tool that can be used by anyone who is
planning to start an exercise program. This standardized questionnaire is commonly used by fitness trainers
to determine whether the activity or exercise is safe for an individual based on their health history, current
symptoms, and risk factors. It can also help trainers or coach to design an ideal program/exercise for a
client. Moreover, it will help you determined whether the activities are necessary for you to seek further
advice from your doctor OR a qualified exercise professional before becoming more physically active.

Assessment # 3- Physical Fitness Test (PFT)

Physical Fitness Test (PFT)

For general health and fitness purposes, tests are not only used for summative evaluation. Tests are
also considered the starting point for designing an appropriate exercise program. Physical Fitness Test
(PFT) is designed to ensure that you won't be at risk of harm, and for the trainer to provide insights needed
to establish an effective fitness goal.
Physical fitness test, also known as a fitness assessment, is comprised of a series of exercises that
help evaluate your overall health and physical status. There is wide of range of standardized tests used for
these exams and one of this is Fitness Test Score Card.
In PATHFIT 1 we have Physical Fitness Score Card. It has Pre-test and Post-test, so that we can find out if
the students’ performance improves after performing the set activities. Physical Fitness Score Card has two
components, Health Related Fitness and Skill Related Fitness.

IMPORTANT REMINDERS
• You must first answer IPAQ and PARQ before performing PFT.
• Perform some warmup exercises for conditioning your body and to prevent unintended injuries.
 LESSON 2: Physical Activity

A. Discussion

Societal Trends in Exercise

(Top 5 Fitness Trends Exercise in the Philippines In New Normal)

As a nation that loves to eat and drink, we have a pretty high number of over-weight people in our
population. Being overweight can lead to a number of health risks, especially cardiovascular issues. This,
plus the standards of “thin is beautiful” in society pushes many of us to lose weight and stay slim. It’s not
wonder why many of us spend a lot on slimming and fitness.

During the coronavirus pandemic, fitness fans have had to be incredibly adaptive. Many people head to the
gym to unwind and workout several times a week. All that changed overnight. With no classes, no gyms,
and no group training. Fitness has gone digital. People are turning to online workouts and digital fitness to
stay fit and healthy. Although home fitness is not a recent revolution, many people are left with no other
choice but to work out from home.

Top 5 Fitness Trends Exercise in the Philippines in the New Normal

1. Zumba
Being stuck at home is great for some people, but those who like to live an active lifestyle are definitely
feeling the pain. With most gyms and workout centers closed until further notice, and many parks getting
closed thanks to people, not social distancing, working out at home is the only option.

If you don’t live in a huge house though, that’s asking a lot. Sure, you can do push-ups and weight lifting,
but if you prefer cardio, how do you do that? Simple: Zumba. The whole reason Zumba classes exist in the
first place is to mix up your cardio routine, and give you some new dance moves with it.

So, if you’re in a smaller space, and need a fun cardio workout, Zumba is the way to go. Of course, you
need a great instructor to lead the way to dancing fitness. These online Zumba classes are perfect for all skill
levels and to get you moving.

2. CrossFit

Along with Zumba, CrossFit is one of the most popular workouts in the country today. Workout routines
incorporate elements from high-intensity interval training, plyometrics, Olympic weightlifting, powerlifting,
gymnastics, calisthenics, strongman, and other exercises.

3. Yoga

For those looking for a more relaxing, and at times even spiritual, way of staying fit, yoga is a great option.
Modern yoga has captured the world as an effecting exercise that combines flexibility, muscle development,
balance, and core workout. You can find a number of instructional DVDs. However, it is advisable to take a
few classes first so you can learn the correct positions.

4. Bodyweight Training

Bodyweight training is a great option for you. Not like CrossFit, this is a strength training exercises that
does not require free weights. You use your own weight to provide the resistance for the movement.
Movements such as the push-up, the pull-up, and the sit-up are some of the most common bodyweight
exercises.

5. Biking

As the world works to stop the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 3.9 billion people are under
full or partial lockdown orders, as of mid-April. Cities have curtailed many public transit operations because
of declining ridership and health concerns. While these measures are essential for preventing the spread of
the disease, they present challenges for the many people who still need to get around cities for essential
tasks like buying food or caring for a loved one. And mobility for essential workers like health care
providers is more important than ever.
Some evidence suggests many people are turning to cycling as a resilient and reliable option to fill the gap.
Many urban cycling networks have seen a surge in traffic, including in China, Germany, Ireland, the United
Kingdom and the United States. In Philadelphia, cycling has increased by more than 150% during the
COVID-19 outbreak. Some governments are responding to the spike in demand by opening emergency bike
lanes and giving essential workers personal access to their own bikes from shared fleets.

At a time when city leaders are rethinking many past assumptions, this trend is a unique opportunity to
embrace cycling as an integral part of urban transport systems — not just as an accessory. Cities need more
resilient, more equitable mobility — not only to weather the current storm, but to prepare for future crises.

B. Activity
Based on our discussion about Societal Trends in Exercise (Top 5 Fitness Trends in the Philippines In
New Normal). For this activity you have to choose one fitness trends exercise and join the session. Make
a documentation to prove that you actually participated in that activity.

Documentation:

Picture/s

Caption:
 LESSON 3: Exercise Variables and Principles
(Individuality, Specificity, Progression, Overload, Adaptation, Recovery, Reversibility,
Warm-Up, Cool Down)

A. Discussion

Let’s be real, the body isn’t a big fan of any form of change on any level. In fact, the human body is
actually quite acquiescent to growth and change and at the same time, will fight tooth and nail against
efforts to bring about said change. On a cellular level the body is highly adaptable and efficient at making
both negative and positive changes but it does not like change that seeks to shed excess body fat or add
muscle and it will protect itself by putting on more fat and resisting muscle growth.

The body functions by the integration of muscular systems. Think about it: we walk, we chew, we breathe,
we have bowel movements, our heart beats, we talk, we blink, etc…and any dysfunction within this system
of muscles creates malfunctions and prevents these activities from carrying out their normal function. So,
when we put our bodies under the stress of exercise, we engage all of these muscular systems. And since
muscles require a LOT of energy, they require a healthy and steady supply of oxygen and nutrients, we, as
trainers, novices, and athletes, want to take advantage of these resources.
Enter the five principles of training … we use these principles of training because we know that when
we test the muscle systems with workloads that it’s not accustomed to, previously, the body will respond
and adapt to the next exposure to the same or greater stimulus and workload by getting stronger in order to
handle the new load.

7 Principles of Exercise and Sport Training

When you approach your multi-sport training, the best way to answer your questions is to better understand
the principles behind the work you are putting in to improve. These are seven basic principles of exercise or
sport training you will want to keep in mind:

1. Individuality
2. Specificity
3. Progression
4. Overload
5. Adaptation
6. Recovery
7. Reversibility

1. Individuality

Everyone is NOT created equal from a physical standpoint. Everyone is different and responds differently to
training. Some people are able to handle higher volumes of training while others may respond better to
higher intensities. This is based on a combination of factors like genetic ability, predominance of muscle
fiber types, other factors in your life, chronological or athletic age, and mental state.

2. Specificity

Exercise is stress and because the body efficiently acclimates to stress, specificity is imposing a specific
type of stress on the body repeatedly and in a variety of ways. The Specific Adaptations to Imposed
Demands (SAID) affirms that the body will improve its performance of a specific exercise over time.

Improving your ability in a sport is very specific. If you want to be a great pitcher, running laps will help
your overall conditioning but won’t develop your skills at throwing or the power and muscular endurance
required to throw a fastball fifty times in a game. Swimming will help improve your aerobic endurance but
won’t develop tissue resiliency and muscular endurance for your running legs.

3. Progression
To ensure that results will continue to improve over time, the degree of the training intensity must
continually increase above the adapted work load. Increasing weight is the most popular and most
applicable method of progression; however, progression can also be accomplished by changing frequency,
number of exercises, complexity of exercises, the number of sets, and in any combination.

To reach the roof of your ability, you have to climb the first flight of stairs before you can exit the 20th floor
and stare out over the landscape. You can view this from both a technical skills standpoint as well as from
an effort/distance standpoint. In order to swim the 500 freestyle, you need to be able to maintain your body
position and breathing pattern well enough to complete the distance. In order to swim the 500 freestyle, you
also need to build your muscular endurance well enough to repeat the necessary motions enough times to
finish.

4. Overload

The overload principle is one of the seven big laws of fitness and training. Simply put, it says that you have
to gradually increase the intensity, duration, type, or time of a workout progressively in order to see
adaptations.

Issues with the Overload Principle:

a. Hitting a Plateau while Ignoring the Overload Principle

b. Overreaching and Overtraining Stress

Hitting a Plateau while Ignoring the Overload Principle

The obvious issue with ignoring the overload principle is the failure to make gains. If you continue to do the
same workout or train at the same intensity and frequency, you will make gains only to a certain point. After
that you are not overloading the muscles and hit a plateau with no further improvements or adaptations.

This happens because our bodies are very good at adapting to stress.

Overreaching and Overtraining Stress

On the other hand, if you use the overload principle in the wrong way, say by increasing intensity too
quickly, you get into a state of overreaching or overtraining. Overreaching is a short-term problem, a
decrease in physical performance that takes days to overcome. Some signs of overtraining you should watch
out for include:

 Increased resting heart rate.

 Loss of appetite and weight loss.
 Difficulty sleeping.
 Emotional changes or mood swings.
 Fatigue.
  Chronic muscle soreness.

5. Adaptation

Over time the body becomes accustomed to exercising at a given level. This adaptation results in improved
efficiency, less effort and less muscle breakdown at that level. That is why the first time you ran two miles
you were sore after, but now it’s just a warm up for your main workout. This is why you need to change the
stimulus via higher intensity or longer duration in order to continue improvements. The same holds true for
adapting to lesser amounts of exercise.

6. Recovery

the body cannot repair itself without rest and time to recover. both short periods like hours between multiple
sessions in a day and longer periods like days or weeks to recover from a long season are necessary to
ensure your body does not suffer from exhaustion or overuse injuries. motivated athletes often neglect this.
at the basic level, the more you train the more sleep your body needs, despite the adaptations you have made
to said training.

7. Reversibility

Fitness improvements are lost when demands on the body are lowered. If you discontinue application of a
particular exercise like running five miles or bench pressing 150 pounds 10 times, you will lose the ability
to successfully complete that exercise. Your muscles will atrophy and the cellular adaptations like increased
capillaries (blood flow to the muscles) and mitochondria density will reverse. You can slow this rate of loss
substantially by conducting a maintenance/reduced program of training during periods where life gets in the
way, and is why just about all sports coaches ask their athletes to stay active in the offseason.

The benefits of training are lost with prolonged periods without training. On the flip side, this also means
that the detraining effect can be reversed once training is resumed. Extended rest periods reduce fitness and
the physiological effects diminish over time which throws the body back to its pre-training condition …
reductions in performance can be lost in as little as two weeks and sometimes sooner. Interestingly, training
has a lingering effect even when discontinued in that strength levels after de-training are seldom lower than
pre-training levels.

Note: The principles of specificity, progression, overload, adaptation, and reversibility are why practicing
frequently and consistently are so important if you want to improve your performance.

FITT PRINCIPLE
 Placing increasing amounts of stress on the body causes adaptations that improve fitness; progression is
critical. The FITT Principle (or formula) is a great way of monitoring your exercise program. The acronym
FITT outlines the key components, or training guidelines, for an effective exercise program, and the initials
F, I, T, T, stand for: Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type.

Frequency: refers to the frequency of exercise undertaken or how often you exercise.
Intensity: refers to the intensity of exercise undertaken or how hard you exercise.
Time: refers to the time you spend exercising or how long you exercise for.
Type: refers to the type of exercise undertaken or what kind of exercise you do.

PHASES OF EXERCISE

A. Traditional Exercise Phase B. Evolving Exercise Phases C. Modern Exercise Phases

Warm-up
Preparing your body for the activity of the conditioning part of your workout. Warming up before exercise
allows your body to adjust gradually to the increased demand on your heart, muscles, breathing, and
circulation. Warmups also increase your body temperature slowly, improves flexibility and protects against
injury and muscle soreness.

Example of warmups are jogging and jumping jacks.

Conditioning (or the activity/exercise itself)

It is when you perform the exercise that produces fitness benefits: calorie burning, building endurance, or
muscle strengthening.

Examples of exercises: aerobic exercise, lift free-weights, swimming, circuit training on weight machines,
high-intensity sports.

Cooldown
Cool down is bringing the body back to its relaxed state gradually from a super active state. Tapering down
the muscle movement before completely stopping the heavy workouts help the body to cope better with the
changes that take place in the metabolism and muscles used during the workout.

Benefits from cooling down.

The most important benefit is that it reduces the adrenaline (the ‘action’ hormone) in the body.
It facilitates removal of waste products from the muscles which prevents muscle spasms and cramps

Best example of cooling down: Stretching

2 TYPES OF STRETCHING
(Static and Dynamic Stretching)

What is the difference between dynamic and static stretching?

1. Dynamic stretching is a strategy used to improve mobility while moving through a range-of- motion,
often in a manner that looks like the activity or sport that is going to be performed.

2. Static stretching is holding a stretch without movement, usually only at the end-range of a muscle.

What must first Static or Dynamic stretching?

RISE (Revolution in Self Evolution) Physical Therapy
 Time and time again, recent research has shown that static stretching may actually decrease
performance! This has been shown in decreased sprint times in runners, decreased height of jumps
in basketball players, decreased agility in soccer players, and decreased force-production in both
elite women and men athletes.
  In contrast, dynamic stretching showed positive benefit in speed, power, and agility. More
importantly, dynamic stretching has been proven to actually decrease risk of injury in both
recreational and elite athletes.
 Researchers believe that static stretching has no direct long-term harm; however, this form of
stretching will temporarily (but significantly) decrease the ability of a muscle to produce force.
This decreased muscular strength places an athlete’s joints at risk of injury by decreasing the body’s
ability to stabilize and control motion. This can lead to tears and sprains of ligaments and strains of
muscles.
 Dynamic stretching has actually been shown to significantly increase the ability of a muscle to
produce force. This has huge implications for athletes, as dynamic stretching can improve muscular
performance throughout a muscle’s entire range-of- motion. This effect can protect the body’s joints
during activity and actually prevent injuries.

Angela Bekkala (ACTIVE Kids)

• ‘’Simply performing static stretches prior to exercise doesn't help you one bit. In fact, it can hurt
your athletic performance. So if you or your young athlete are still doing static stretching before
your workout, practice or game--change it up’’
• Your body needs to warm up by slowly increasing your heart rate and breathing rate. In doing so,
you are lubricating your joints, which will give you better range of motion and better elasticity in
tendons and ligaments.

B. Activity

I believe that at least once in your life you have been able to exercise or had played some kind of traditional
games or sports. Base on your experiences, identify which principle it applies. And explain how this
particular exercise fall under this principle.

1. Individuality
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2. Specificity
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3. Progression
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4. Overload
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5. Adaptation
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6. Recovery
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7. Reversibility
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V. REFLECTION
1. What are you proudest of in the work you have completed, and why?
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2. What were some of the most challenging moments you experience in this module
and what made them so?
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 VI. GENERALIZATION

The fitness industry has taken massive strides to create digital offerings. The current
situation has forced many brands to speed up their development to meet the ever-growing
consumer demand for flexibility and convenience. As the coronavirus pandemic has
encouraged individuals to take on new fitness regimes, some new habits could be here to
stay. While some gyms are already open; some are following closely behind. It’s clear that
the shift to digital fitness will have lasting effects on the fitness industry. 

VII. REFERENCES

References
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%20coordination%20is,intensity%20to%20achieve%20proper%20action
Aman, J., Elangovan, N., Yeh, I.-L., & Konczak, J. (2015, January 28). The effectiveness of proprioceptive
training for improving motor function: a systematic review. Retrieved from frontiers in Human
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Cronkleton, E. (2019, October 31). What Is Muscular Strength, and What Are Some Exercises You Can Do?
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Flexibility | UC Davis Sports Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved from UCDAVIS HEALTH:
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%20is%20the%20ability%20of,pain%20free%20range%20of%20motion.&text=Many%20variables
%20affect%20the%20loss,or%20a%20lack%20of%20stretching
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KING, A., POWELL, K., & KRAUS, W. (2019, June). The US Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory
Committee Report—Introduction. Retrieved from Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise:
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