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Rayjean CBLM with Competency Assessment Tools

Health & Nutrition Education (University of Southeastern Philippines)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Non-
biodegradable
Waste
Biodegradable Sharp Infectious
Waste Waste Waste

Sector: HEALTH, SOCIAL AND OTHER COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT SERVICES SECTOR

Qualification Title: HEALTH CARE SERVICES NC II

Unit of Competency: Handle Waste in a Health Care

environment

Module Title: Handling Waste in a Health Care

environment

DOK ALTERNATIBO RESEARCH AND

DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION, INC.
Parallel St., Brgy. Tiguman, Digos City 8002

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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING

MATERIAL

The unit of competency, “Handle Waste in a Health Care

Environment”, is one of the competencies of HEALTH CARE SERVICES NCII,
a course which comprises the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for a
TVET trainee to possess.
The module, Handling Waste in a Health Care Environment, contains
training materials and activities related to receiving reservation request,
recording details of reservation, updating reservations and advising others
on reservation details.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning
activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning
outcome are Information Sheets, Self-checks, Operation Sheets, Task Sheets,
and Job Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have
questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
 Read information sheet and complete the self-checks.
 Perform the Task Sheets, Operation Sheets, and Job Sheets until you
are confident that your outputs conform to the Performance Criteria
Checklists that follow the said work sheets.
 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets, Operation Sheets, and Job Sheets
to your facilitator for evaluation and recording in the Achievement
Chart. Outputs shall serve as your portfolio during the Institutional
Competency Evaluation. When you feel confident that you have had
sufficient practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results of
your assessment will be recorded in your Achievement Chart and
Progress Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this
competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation.

You need to complete this module to finish all the units of core
competencies in the qualification, Health Care Services NC II.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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HEALTH CARE SERVICES NC II

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

LIST OF COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Prepare and Maintain Preparing and Maintaining HCS323314

Beds Beds

2 Collect and Maintain Collecting and Maintaining HCS323315

Linen stocks at End-user Linen stocks at End-user
Location Location

3 Assist in client/patient Assisting in client/patient HCS323316

mobility mobility

4 Assist in transporting Assisting in transporting HCS323317

patient patient

5 Assist with Bio-psycho- Assisting with Bio-psycho- HCS323318

social care of patient social care of patient

6 Handle waste in a Handling waste in a HCS323319

health care environment health care environment

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Handle Waste in a Health Care Environment

MODULE TITLE: Handling Waste in a Health Care Environment

MODULE DESCRIPTOR:

This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to handle
and dispose of waste in a safe manner with the health care environment.

Nominal Duration: 160 hours

At the end of this module, you MUST be able to:

1. Determine job requirements

2. Identify and segregate waste

3. Transport and store waste

4. Conduct quality control activities

5. Clean up work areas

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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COMPETENCY SUMMARY

Qualification Title : Health Care Services NC II

Unit of Competency : Handle Waste in a Health Care Environment

Module Title : Handling Waste in a Health Care Environment

Introduction

This unit of competency deals with the skills, knowledge and attitude
required to handle and dispose of waste in a safe manner with the health
care environment.

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this module, you MUST be able to:

1. Determine job requirements

2. Identify and segregate waste

3. Transport and store waste

4. Conduct quality control activities

5. Clean up work areas

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

1. Appropriate equipment required for waste handling tasks is selected and

obtained to maximize work effectiveness and efficiency.

2. Health care sites are organized and set up to ensure safe, effective and
efficient handling of waste in accordance with workplace requirements.

3. Potential risks and hazards to work are identified and managed in

accordance with workplace requirements, OSH, infection control and other
relevant legislation.

4. Identified risks and hazards are reported to designated personnel.

5. Emergency and personal protective equipment are used in accordance with

job requirements, manufacturer's specifications, workplace requirements and
relevant legislation.

6. Hazardous, dangerous and non-conforming waste is identified and

handled in accordance with workplace policies and procedures.

7. All wastes are identified, labeled and segregated according to waste types
in accordance with workplace policies, procedures and legislations.

8. All sorted wastes are placed into correct waste category containers.

9. Waste containers are monitored to ensure adequate available containers

and to secure containment of wastes using institution prescribed
form/checklist.

10. Full waste containers are emptied and replaced promptly to minimize
disruption to the workplace.

11. Segregated waste is labeled in accordance with workplace policies,

procedures and relevant legislation.

12. Appropriate transport equipment is selected for waste transport

activities to maximize work effectiveness and efficiency.

13. Transport loads are secured and not overloaded.

14. Waste collection rounds are performed as often as required to minimized

waste overflow hazards.

15. Storage areas are enclosed and secured in accordance with workplace
requirement and relevant legislation.

16. Waste is inspected and checked to ensure that it is placed in the correct
waste receptacle and according to workplace requirements.
Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000
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17. Storage areas are inspected and checked to ensure that they are
secured.

18. All details of quality control activities are documented accurately and
promptly following the OSH requirements.

19. Waste storage sites and all equipment are cleaned according to
institution requirements.

20. Waste from cleaning activities is disposed of in accordance with

workplace requirements and relevant legislation.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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LEARNING OUTCOME #2 IDENTIFY AND SEGREGATE WASTE

CONTENTS:
 Waste types, streams and characteristics
 Workplace waste management plans
 Waste non-conformance procedures
 Sorting and transporting techniques
 Containment Method
 Workplace requirements
 OSH requirements

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Hazardous, dangerous and non-conforming waste is identified and

handled in accordance with workplace policies and procedures

2. All wastes are identified, labeled and segregated according to waste

types in accordance with workplace policies, procedures and legislations

3. All sorted wastes are placed into correct waste category containers

4. Waste containers are monitored to ensure adequate available

containers and to secure containment of wastes using institution
prescribed form/checklist

5. Full waste containers are emptied and replaced promptly to minimize

disruption to the workplace

6. Segregated waste is labeled in accordance with workplace policies,

procedures and relevant legislation

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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CONDITIONS: The student/trainee must be provided with the following:

• Manual on:
- Waste collection requirements
- Waste management plans
- Workplace policies and procedures
- Range of waste identification and handling
- OSH requirements
- Instructions for use of waste handling equipment
• Equipment and materials relevant to the proposed activities
- Waste handling equipment
- Wheelie bins/trolleys/carts
- PPE
- Uniform
- Boots
- Robust working shoes
- Mask
- Heavy duty Gloves

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

 Demonstration

 Interview

 Oral Questioning

 Portfolio

 Third Party Report

 Return Demonstration

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome #2

Identify and Segregate Waste

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information Sheet 6.2-1 This Learning Outcome deals with the
on Waste Types, Streams and development of the Institutional
Characteristics Competency Evaluation Tool which
trainers use in evaluating their trainees
Perform Task Sheet 6.2-1 on after finishing a competency of the
Identification and Segregation qualification.
of Waste
Go through the learning activities outlined
Answer Self-check 6.2-1 for you on the left column to gain the
Compare your answers with necessary information or knowledge before
Answer Key 6.2-1 doing the tasks to practice on performing
the requirements of the evaluation tool.
Read Information Sheet 6.2-2
on Workplace Waste The output of this LO is a complete
Management Plans” Institutional Competency Evaluation
Package for one Competency of Health
Answer Self-check 6.2-2 Care Services NC II. Your output shall
serve as one of your portfolio for your
Compare your answers with
Institutional Competency Evaluation for
Answer Key 6.2-2
Handling Waste in a Health Care
Read Information Sheet 6.2-3 Environment.
on Waste Non-conformance Feel free to show your outputs to your
Procedures trainer as you accomplish them for
Answer Self-check 6.2-3 guidance and evaluation.

Compare your answers with

Answer Key 6.2-3

Read Information Sheet 6.2-4

on Sorting and Transporting
Techniques”

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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Answer Self-check 6.2-4

Compare your answers with

Answer Key 6.2-4

Read Information Sheet 6.2-5

on Containment Method

Answer Self-check 6.2-5

Compare your answers with

Answer Key 6.2-5

Read Information Sheet 6.2-6

on Workplace Requirements

Answer Self-check 6.2-6

Compare your answers with

Answer Key 6.2-6

Read Information Sheet 6.2-7

on OSH Requirements

Answer Self-check 6.2-7 After doing all the activities for this LO3:
Identify and Segregate Waste, you are
Compare your answers with
ready to proceed to the next LO4:
Answer Key 6.2-7
Transport and Store Wastes.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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Information Sheet 6.2-1

Waste Types, Streams and Characteristics

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. Identify different types of hospital/medical waste
2. List examples of each different types of hospital/medical waste

Hospitals is a place of almighty, a place to serve the patient. Since

beginning, the hospitals are known for the treatment of sick people but we
are unaware about the adverse effects of the garbage and filth generated by
them on human body and environment.

Now, it is well established fact that there are many adverse and
harmful effects to the environment including human beings which are
caused by the “Hospital waste” generated during the patient care. Hospital
waste is a potential health hazard to the health care workers, public and
flora and fauna of the area. Hospital acquired infection, transfusion
transmitted disease, rising incidence of Hepatitis B, and HIV, increasing
land and water pollution lead to increasing possibility of catching many
diseases.

A modern hospital is a complex, multidisciplinary system which

consumes thousands items for delivery of medical care and is a part of
physical environment. All these products consumed in the hospital leave
some unusable leftovers i.e. hospital waste. The last century witnessed the
rapid mushrooming of hospital in the public and private sector, dictated by
the needs of expanding population. The advent and acceptance of
“disposable” has made the generation of hospital waste a significant factor
in a current scenario.

Pathogenic organisms can be present in hospital solid wastes in

significantly high concentrations as well as increased concentrations of
organic substrate. Substantial numbers of organisms of human origin have
been found, which suggests the presence of virulent pathogenic bacteria and
viruses living on solid waste in undetected numbers.

The handling of hospital solid waste may increase airborne bacteria if

not handled properly and the transmission of viable organisms to other
parts of hospital and community is possible.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Hospital waste refers to all waste generated, discarded and not intended for
further use in the hospital. Hospital waste is some of the most dangerous
waste that exists. A hospital is filled with sick individuals, thus any waste
produced in a hospital could contain dangerous bacteria or viruses.

Medical waste is biohazardous waste from clinical or research settings that

is contaminated or potentially contaminated by human source materials,
non-human primate source materials, or human infectious agents (for a
more comprehensive definition of medical waste. These are capable of
causing disease only in humans. Medical waste must be treated to inactive
biohazardous agents by an approved method before it is released. Liquid
waste can be mixed with bleach (10% final concentration) for 30 minutes,
before drain disposal. Medical waste does not include the following:

1. Waste generated in food processing or biotechnology that does not

contain an agent infectious to humans.

2. Sharp waste not contaminated with medical waste. Note that non-
medical waste sharps must be disposed of in non-medical waste
sharps containers.

3. Waste generated in biotechnology that does not contain human or

animal blood or blood production products suspected of being
contaminated with agents infectious to humans.

4. Urine, feces, saliva, sputum, nasal secretions, sweat, tears and

vomitus unless they contain fluid blood from humans or animals
known or suspected (treated with agents or show symptoms) to have
agents infectious to humans.

5. Nonbiohazardous waste such paper towels, surgical gowns, or

bandages that contain nonfluid blood.

6. Hazardous chemical waste, radioactive waste and household waste.

7. Waste generated from normal and legal veterinary, agricultural and

livestock-management practices on a farm or ranch.

Medical sharp waste is discarded material that has acute rigid corners,
edges or protuberances capable of cutting or piercing as described below:

a. All discarded hypodermic needles attached to syringes or tubing as

well as blades and syringes contaminated with medical waste.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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b. Discarded medical appliances, sharp devices (i.e. needles, scalpels),

nails, blades, broken glass or plastic laboratory equipment that is
contaminated with medical waste.

General waste is largely composed of domestic or house hold type waste. It

is non-hazardous to human beings, e.g. kitchen waste, packaging material,
paper, wrappers, plastics.

Pathological waste consists of tissue, organ body part, human fetuses,

blood, body fluid. It is hazardous waste.

Infectious waste is the wastes which contain pathogens in sufficient

concentration or quantity that could cause diseases. It is hazardous e.g.
culture and stocks of infectious agents from laboratories, waste from
surgery, waste originating from infectious patients.

Pharmaceutical waste includes pharmaceutical products, drugs, and

chemicals that have been returned from wards, have been spilled, are
outdated, or contaminated.

Chemical waste comprises discarded solid, liquid and gaseous chemicals

e.g. cleaning, housekeeping, and disinfecting product.

Radioactive waste includes solid, liquid and gaseous waste that is

contaminated with radionuclide’s generated from in-vitro analysis of body
tissues and fluid, in-vivo body organ imaging and tumor localization and
therapeutic procedures.

Cytotoxic waste includes drugs known to have carcinogenic, mutagenic or

teratogenic potential. Cytotoxic drugs are the most hazardous of the
pharmaceutical substances and must be handled using special precautions.

Biohazards bags are disposable RED bags of sufficient strength to preclude

ripping, tearing or bursting under normal use and handling when full. Bags
must be conspicuously labeled with the words “BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE” or
with the international biohazard symbol and the word “BIOHAZARD”.

Sharp containers are rigid, puncture-resistant containers that, when sealed

are leak resistant and cannot be reopened without great difficulty. Medical
waste sharps containers must be labeled with the international biohazard
symbol and the word “BIOHAZARD”.

Mixed hazardous or radioactive wastes contain a mixture of two or more

of the following: medical waste, radiological waste and hazardous chemical
waste.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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Hospital Waste Fact Sheet

Hospital Waste Management means management of waste produced by

hospitals using such techniques that will help to check the spread of
diseases through it.

Hospital wastes are categorized according to their weight, density and

constituents. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified medical
waste into different categories. These are:

 Clinical waste  Liquid waste

 Infectious waste  Organic products/Biodegradable

 Sharps  Radiological/Radioactive waste

 Cytotoxic waste  Non-Biodegradable

 Pharmaceutical  Chemical waste

TYPES OF WASTE AND WASTE CATEGORIES

Waste Type Color Example
Coding
Biodegradable Green Leftover food, vegetable and fruit peels
Non- Black Plastic bag, plastic wares
biodegradable
Infectious Yellow Materials that contain body secretion such as
blood, pus, phlegm, mucus, saliva, stool, feces,
urine:
 used blood transfusion tubing
 used gloves, used foley catheter, used NGT
 used tubing – IV, nebulizer
 used diapers, sanitary napkins
 used suction tube
 used test strips
 used urine bags, used cord clamp
 used plaster, empty colostomy bag
 used culture media, tissue culture plate
 used tissue typing, cross-matching (x-
matching) trays for discard
 used CVP tubes, used rubber tubing
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 used rubber sheet, used bandages

 used sensor/electrodes
 used hamovac, used thoracic tubes
 used mask/face mask
 used swabs, used endoctracheal tubes
 used tongue guard, used oxygen tubing

Amputated:
Limbs, toes, fingers, organs, extracted tooth
Foreign bodies removed from any part tissues
from minor/major operation
Placenta
Specimen containers of blood/bodily fluids
Gauze, cotton bandage, cotton applicators soaked
with blood/body fluids from dressing of infected
wounds and post-operative cases
Umbilical cord
Sharps Red Needles, scalpel, broken glasses/vials, broken
thermometer, used ampoules
Cytotoxic Orange Cancer drugs and chemotherapeutic drugs
(chlorambucil, diethylstilbestrol, streptozotocin,
melphalan, cyclophosphamide), antineoplastic
agents, antivirals, immunosuppressants, a range
of hormonal drugs and others.
Radioactive Orange Xray film and lead apron, radiation from cobalt
and powdered cesium is used to sterilize blood
and medical equipment, while cobalt is also used
to kill diseased brain tissue. Capsules of cesium
are implanted next to tumors to kill cancerous
cells, and thin tubes of radioactive material are
used to operate gauges and other diagnostic
devices.
Chemical Any Empty Lysol bottle, empty betadine bottle, empty
color baygon bottle, empty insecticide bottle, empty
alcohol bottle, empty muriatic acid bottle

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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SEGREGATION, CONTAINMENT, LABELING, COLLECTION

AND DISPOSAL OF MEDICAL WASTE
Segregation is the essence of waste management and should be done at the
source of generation of Bio-medical waste e.g. all patient care activity areas,
diagnostic services areas, operation theaters, labor rooms, treatment rooms
etc. The responsibility of segregation should be with the generator of
biomedical waste i.e. doctors, nurses, technicians etc. (medical and
paramedical personnel). The biomedical waste should be segregated as per
categories.
A. Medical waste will be segregated at the point of generation in each
laboratory or other work area. Waste will be placed in RED biohazard
bags labeled with the words “BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE” or with the
international biohazard symbol and the word “BIOHAZARD”.
Biohazard bags will be sealed at the point of origin to prevent leakage
or expulsion of contents when they are ready for transport, treatment
and disposal.
B. Biohazard bags will be labeled with the building and room number, or
affixed with a pre-printed sticker, indicating where the waste is
generated. Bags will be placed in labeled, leak proof secondary
containers with tight-fitting covers. Medical waste bags will not be
removed from the secondary container except for transfer to another
secondary container or to the secondary storage container at the
storage/accumulation site. Bags should not weight more than 40
pounds.
C. Bagged medical waste will be transported in secondary containers to
the designated storage/accumulation site and removed only when
transferred into the other secondary containers.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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DISPOSAL OF SHARPS
Medical waste sharps will be placed in approved medical waste sharps
containers prior to disposal. Medical waste sharps containers will be labeled
with the generator’s building and room number. Approved medical waste
sharps container must be labeled with the words “BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE”
or with the international biohazard symbol and the word “BIOHAZARD”.
When full (content reach fill line), transport the sharps containers to
the designated accumulation site and placed labeled medical waste
containers.
Note: Nonmedical sharps will be placed in sharps containers or other rigid,
puncture-resistant, leak-resistant containers with a tight-fitting lid that are
not labeled as medical waste. These containers must not have a biohazard
symbols or any wording indicating medical waste, biohazard waste or
biohazard materials.

DISPOSAL OF FLUIDS
Human and non-human primate blood and body fluids, and the blood
and body fluids of animals known or suspected to harbor human infectious
agents, must be treated by adding chlorine bleach to a final concentration of
at least 10% and incubating for at least 30 minutes. The treated material
can be disposed in the sanitary sewer/sewage system. If liquid medical
waste cannot be disposed to the sewage system, may contact the Local
Environmental Health and Safety for alternative disposal methods.

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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Task Sheet 6.2-1

Title: Identification of Waste

Performance Objective: To properly identify each type of

medical/hospital waste on each waste categories, given that the
candidate is provided with the necessary materials or tools to
successfully complete the task.
Supplies: PPE, waste bins with label and color coded, garbage bags,
printed and laminated waste type, box/basket
Equipment:
Waste bins RED (Sharps)
Waste bins YELLOW (Infectious)
Waste bins GREEN (Biodegradable)
Waste bins BLACK (Non-biodegradable)
Waste bins ORANGE (Radioactive or Cytotoxic - Chemical)
Garbage Trolley
Steps/Procedure:
1.) Perform hand hygiene or hand washing.
2.) Gather and Present Personal Protective Equipment.
3.) Wear PPE in cephalocaudal direction (mask, goggles, cap, gown,
gloves, boots).
4.) Collect waste.
5.) Identify and segregate waste according to its type. (appropriate
garbage bin).
6.) Explain that pull out bags in the garbage bin and tied it securely
when it is full and ready to transport using garbage trolley to storage
area.
7.) Remove PPE from most contaminated to the least contaminated
(boots, gloves, gown, cap, goggles, mask).
8.) Place soiled PPE to corresponding bins.
9.) Wash hands.
Assessment Method:

Use the Performance Criteria Checklist

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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Performance Criteria Checklist for Task Sheet 6.2-1

COMPLETED
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Perform hand hygiene or hand washing.

2. Gather and Present Personal Protective

Equipment.

3. Wear PPE in cephalocaudal direction (mask,

goggles, cap, gown, gloves, boots).

4. Collect waste.

5. Identify and segregate waste according to its

type. (appropriate garbage bin).

6. Explain that pull out bags in the garbage bin

and tied it securely when it is full and ready to
transport using garbage trolley to storage area.

7. Remove PPE from most contaminated to the

least contaminated (boots, gloves, gown, cap,
goggles, mask).

8. Place soiled PPE to corresponding bins.

9. Wash hands.

Result
Competent Not Yet
Competent
Remarks:

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

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Self-Check 6.2-1
IDENTIFICATION. Write your answer on the space provided.

___________1. Drugs and chemicals that have been returned from wards,
have been spilled, are outdated, or contaminated.
___________2. It includes drugs known to have carcinogenic, mutagenic or
teratogenic potential.
___________3. All discarded hypodermic needles attached to syringes or
tubing as well as blades and syringes contaminated with medical waste.

___________4. These are waste which largely composed of domestic or

household type of waste.

___________5. It is hazardous e.g. culture and stocks of infectious agents

from laboratories, waste from surgery, waste originating from infectious
patients.

ENUMERATION. List at least 2 examples of waste each type of Medical

Waste.
Medical Waste Example
Medical Sharp Waste 1.
2.
General Waste 1.
2.
Pathological Waste 1.
2.
Infectious waste 1.
2.
Pharmaceutical Waste 1.
2.

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ENUMERATION. List down at least 3 waste categories, its color coding and
give at least 4 examples each.
Waste Type Color Example
Coding
1. 1.
2.
3.
2. 1.
2.
3.
3. 1.
2.
3.
4. 1.
2.
3.
5. 1.
2.
3.

ESSAY.
Explain the disposal of waste.

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Answers to Self-Check 6.2-1

IDENTIFICATION.
1. Pharmaceutical Waste
2. Cytotoxic Waste
3. Medical Sharp Waste
4. General Waste
5. Infectious Waste

ENUMERATION.
Medical Waste Example
Medical Sharp Waste syringes, tubings, blades and
syringes contaminated with medical
waste
General Waste kitchen waste, packaging material,
paper, wrappers, plastics.

Pathological Waste consists of tissue, organ body part,

human fetuses, blood, and body fluid
Infectious waste infectious agents from laboratories,
waste from surgery, waste
originating from infectious patients.

Pharmaceutical Waste drugs and chemicals that have been

returned from wards, have been
spilled, are outdated, or
contaminated.

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ENUMERATION. List down the at least 5 waste categories, its color coding
and give at least 3 examples each.
Waste Type Color Example
Coding
Biodegradable Green Leftover food, vegetable and fruit peels
Non- Black Plastic bag, plastic wares
biodegradable
Infectious Yellow Materials that contain body secretion such as
blood, pus, phlegm, mucus, saliva, stool, feces,
urine:
 used blood transfusion tubing
 used gloves, used foley catheter, used NGT
 used tubing – IV, nebulizer
 used diapers, sanitary napkins
 used suction tube
 used test strips
 used urine bags, used cord clamp
 used plaster, empty colostomy bag
 used culture media, tissue culture plate
 used tissue typing, cross-matching (x-
matching) trays for discard
 used CVP tubes, used rubber tubing
 used rubber sheet, used bandages
 used sensor/electrodes
 used hamovac, used thoracic tubes
 used mask/face mask
 used swabs, used endoctracheal tubes
 used tongue guard, used oxygen tubing

Amputated:
Limbs, toes, fingers, organs, extracted tooth
Foreign bodies removed from any part tissues
from minor/major operation
Placenta
Specimen containers of blood/bodily fluids
Gauze, cotton bandage, cotton applicators
soaked with blood/body fluids from dressing of
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infected wounds and post-operative cases

Umbilical cord
Sharps Red Needles, scalpel, broken glasses/vials, broken
thermometer, used ampoules
Cytotoxic Orange Cancer drugs and chemotherapeutic drugs
(chlorambucil, diethylstilbestrol, streptozotocin,
melphalan, cyclophosphamide), antineoplastic
agents, antivirals, immunosuppressants, a range
of hormonal drugs and others.
Radioactive Orange Xray film and lead apron, radiation from cobalt
and powdered cesium is used to sterilize blood
and medical equipment, while cobalt is also used
to kill diseased brain tissue. Capsules of cesium
are implanted next to tumors to kill cancerous
cells, and thin tubes of radioactive material are
used to operate gauges and other diagnostic
devices.
Chemical Any color Empty Lysol bottle, empty betadine bottle, empty
baygon bottle, empty insecticide bottle, empty
alcohol bottle, empty muriatic acid bottle

ESSAY.
Explain the disposal of waste.

Waste will be placed in RED biohazard bags labeled with the words
“BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE” or with the international biohazard symbol and
the word “BIOHAZARD”. For Disposal of sharp waste, it will be transported to
the designated accumulation site and placed labeled medical waste
containers. For Disposal of Fluids, it must be treated by adding chlorine
bleach. The treated material can be disposed in the sanitary sewer/sewage
system. If cannot disposed to the sewage system, may contact the Local
Environmental Health and Safety for alternative disposal methods.

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Information Sheet 6.2-2

Workplace Waste Management Plans

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. define waste management
2. explain the importance of workplace waste management plans

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or

disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. This is the reason why
workplace waste management plan is important for improving health-care
waste management at the national, regional, and local level. Planning
requires the definition of a strategy that will facilitate careful
implementation of the necessary measures and the appropriate allocation of
resources according to the identified priorities.

Waste Management Plan for a Health-Care Establishment

Assignment of responsibilities
The proper management of health-care waste depends largely on good
administration and organization but also requires adequate legislation and
financing, as well as active participation by trained and informed staff.
The head of the hospital should form a waste management team to
develop a waste management plan. The team should have the following
members:
 Head of Hospital (as chairperson)
 Heads of Hospital Departments
 Infection Control Officer
 Chief Pharmacist
 Radiation Officer
 Matron (or Senior Nursing Officer)

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 Hospital Manager
 Hospital Engineer
 Financial Controller
 Waste Management Officer (if already designated).

In certain establishments, the structure may include a Hospital

Hygienist, in addition to or instead of the Infection Control Officer, to
address specific problems relating to hospital hygiene. In such cases, some
or all of the duties of the Infection Control Officer will be carried out by the
Hospital Hygienist.

Development of Waste Management Plan

During development of the waste management plan, every member of
the Waste Management Team (WMT) should carry out a review of existing
waste management arrangements in his or her area of responsibility.
Existing practices should then be evaluated in the light of the national
guidelines and recommendations made to the Waste Management Officer
(WMO) on how the guidelines can be implemented in each area. The WMO
should prepare a draft discussion document for the WMT. This discussion
document should include details of the new waste management system. It
could be divided into sections addressing the following issues:
 present situation (waste management practices, personnel and
equipment involved)
 quantities of waste generated
 possibilities for waste minimization, reuse, and recycling
 waste segregation
 on-site handling, transport, and storage practices

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 identification and evaluation of waste treatment and disposal options

(on- and off-site)
 identification and evaluation of the options, and associated costs
 record-keeping
 training

Steps in Healthcare Waste Management

1. Waste classification
2. Waste segregation
3. Waste minimization
4. Handling and collection
5. On-site transport and storage
6. Treatment and disposal

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The document provides a step-by-step method to help medical waste

storage/accumulation site managers prepare a medical waste management
plan.
General Information

Department Name: ________________________________________________________

Chair ________________ Phone _____________ Building __________ Rm ______
Department Contact ______________________________________________________
Responsible Researcher ___________________________________________________
(if appropriate)

Type of medical waste generated and/or treated (Please check all that apply)
 Red bag medical waste  Sharps
 Others (please specify): ____________________________________

Autoclave locations (Please contact Biosafety Office if you plan to operate an

autoclave for treating medical waste)

Building ___________________________ Room ________________

Building ___________________________ Room ________________

Contact person ________________ Phone __________ Building _______ Rm _____

Medical waste picked up and treated by an approved vendor

Medical waste must be collected, transported and treated by an
approved vendor. A copy of this documented process will be given to the
department operating the storage/accumulation site.

Contact person ________________ Phone __________ Building _______ Rm _____

Back-up Contact ______________ Phone __________ Building _______ Rm _____

Medical Waste Generators

Please list each person who generates medical waste in your
department, the waste type and the location where it is generated.

Person __________________ Waste _____________ Building _________ Rm ______

Person __________________ Waste _____________ Building _________ Rm ______

I hereby certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief the

statements made herein are correct and true.

Department Chair _______________________________ Date __________________

Responsible Researcher __________________________ Date __________________

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Self-Check 6.2-2:
ESSAY. Answer the questions below.
1. What is Waste Management?

2. Why is waste management plan important in a workplace?

ENUMERATION. List down at least 5 personnel in planning waste

management.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the organization of “Steps in Healthcare Waste

Management” by writing the sequence number on the space provided.

_____ Handling and Collection

_____ Waste minimization
_____ On-site transport and storage
_____ Waste segregation
_____ Waste classification
_____ Treatment and Disposal

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Answers to Self-Check 6.2-2

ESSAY. Answer the questions below.
1. What is Waste Management?
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,
recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials.

2. Why is waste management plan important in a workplace?

Waste management plan in a workplace is important because it
allows to divert or lessen different waste to landfills. By reducing the
waste to the landfills, steps of Healthcare Management must be
practiced.

ENUMERATION. List down at least 5 personnel in planning waste

management.
 Head of Hospital (as chairperson)
 Heads of Hospital Departments
 Infection Control Officer
 Chief Pharmacist
 Radiation Officer
 Matron (or Senior Nursing Officer)
 Hospital Manager
 Hospital Engineer
 Financial Controller
 Waste Management Officer (if already designated).

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IDENTIFICATION. Identify the organization of “Steps in Healthcare Waste

Management” by writing the sequence number on the space provided.

4 Handling and Collection

3 Waste minimization
5 On-site transport and storage
2 Waste segregation
1 Waste classification
6 Treatment and Disposal

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Information Sheet 6.2-3

Waste Non-conformance Procedures

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. Define responsibility and authority for the handling and investigating
non-conformances

2. Explain how to establish, implement and maintain waste non-

conformance procedures

International Organization for Standardization (ISO 9001) is the

international standard that underlines the requirements for a quality
management system (QMS). It ensures that an organization like hospitals
continues to offer quality products and operates correctly under its
regulatory measures. If an organization isn’t operating up to standard, it’s
called non-conformance. Waste non-conformance may arise from a number
of situations, including failure to observe the requirements of the
environmental management system or the proper waste management.

In the hospitals, treatment facilities are obligated to handle and properly

dispose of hazardous waste. One solution for eliminating non-conforming
hazardous waste is to send it to a treatment facility for decontamination and
disposal. For this method to work, a waste management or analysis plan
needs to be established first. The plan is essential, because it outlines how
the rest of the process will work, any other accommodations that need to be
made, and represents another piece of paperwork that can help cover the
company in case of liability issues.

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Hazardous waste, no matter what material it is, is dangerous. This

should be evident from the name alone. Every facility that handles waste,
whether or not it is non-conforming, needs to have waste profiles on file. It
helps indicate what chemicals are inside the newly-arrived containers, how
they might react with other hazardous or non-hazardous substances, and
its attributes – if they are toxic, in what way? All of the profiles and other
paperwork must be included. Proper labeling must be observed for safety
precautions.
As a result, inspections and verifications of waste packages is necessary
part of the process, and these could determine that something is out of
place or filed incorrectly – which can lead to nonconformity.

Responsibilities
In carrying out work between different organizations it is always
necessary to be clear about their respective responsibilities and the nature
and management of the interfaces. The responsibilities within each
organization will be documented within the appropriate management
systems.
In terms of responsibilities, three main areas could be identified as
follows:
1. Regulatory Body - to define safety regulations and general waste
acceptance criteria
2. Repository Operator - to define site specific waste acceptance criteria
and authorize acceptance of waste packages for disposal
3. Waste Generator - to ensure that waste packages are produced under
a waste package quality assurance program and within waste
acceptance criteria

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Self-Check 6.2-3
Identification. Write correct word defined.
_______________1. define safety regulations and general waste acceptance
criteria
_______________2. define site specific waste acceptance criteria and authorize
acceptance of waste packages for disposal
_______________3. ensure the waste packages produced under a waste
package quality assurance program and within waste acceptance criteria

ESSAY. Answer the questions.

1. What is ISO 9001?

2. How can a situation become non-conformance?

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Answer to Self-Check 6.2-3

Identification. Write correct word defined.
1. Regulatory Body
2. Repository Operator
3. Waste Generator

ESSAY. Answer the questions.

1. What is ISO 9001?
International Organization for Standardization (ISO 9001) is the
international standard that underlines the requirements for a quality
management system (QMS).

2. How can a situation become non-conformance?

If an organization isn’t operating up to standard or operates correctly
under its regulatory measures.

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Information Sheet 6.2-4

Sorting and Transporting Technique

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. Apply segregation by sorting waste according to waste type.
2. Identify the equipment used of transporting waste.

Waste segregation is the separating and sorting of waste to facilitate

recycling. And, when sorted, waste is more easily be identified the action to
be done. See and review the Information Sheet 6.3-1 about the waste types
in order for you to sort or segregate the waste.

Color Coding Waste Containers

Waste Type Color

Coding
Biodegradable

Green
Non-biodegradable

Black
Infectious

Yellow
Sharps

Red
Cytotoxic
Radioactive
Chemical Orange

Desiccated wheeled containers, trolleys or carts should be

used to transport the waste/plastics bags to the site of
storage/treatment.

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Self-Check 6.2-4
IDENTIFICATION. Identify the waste container by its color
coding and write the what waste type it is in the column.

Waste Type Color Coding

Green

Black

Yellow

Red

Orange

ESSAY. Answer the question.

1. What equipment to be used to transport the waste/plastic
bags to the site of storage/treatment?

2. Why is it important to label sorted waste?

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Answer to Self-Check 6.2-4

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the waste container by its color
coding and write the what waste type it is in the column.

Waste Type Color Coding

Biodegradable
Green
Non-biodegradable
Black
Infectious
Yellow
Sharps
Red
Cytotoxic
Radioactive Orange
Chemical

ESSAY. Answer the question.

1. What equipment to be used to transport the waste/plastic
bags to the site of storage/treatment?
Desiccated wheeled containers, Trolleys, Carts

2. Why is it important to label sorted waste?

For proper identification of waste

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Information Sheet 6.2-5

Containment Method

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. define waste containment
2. identify sign and symbols

Waste Containment is the practice of constructing storage facilities to

safely contain and control hazardous and non-hazardous waste materials.
Medical waste will be placed in red biohazard bags within an approved
secondary container or into a sharps container, as appropriate, at the
general point.
Collection of bio-medical waste should be done as per Bio-medical waste
(Management and Handling) Rules. At ordinary room temperature the
collected waste should not be stored for more than 24 hours.

Site Security
Secure Environmental Health & Safety storage enclosures and
accumulation areas by locking access doors or receptacle lids to prevent
unauthorized entry. Medical waste in secondary containers must not be
stored in unsecured, common-use rooms including autoclave rooms.

DANGER
Hazardous waste

!
storage area
Unauthorized
persons keep out

Post a sign on the exterior of entry doors or

adjacent to the entry doors.

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A storage location for health-care waste should be designated inside

the health-care facility. Space for storing wastes should be incorporated into
a building design when new construction is undertaken. These storage areas
should be sized according to the quantities of waste generated and the
frequency of collection. The areas must be totally enclosed and separate
from supply rooms or food preparation areas. Loading docks, space for
compactors and balers for cardboard, staging areas for sharps boxes,
recycling containers and secure storage (e.g. for batteries) should all be
provided.
Storage facilities should be labelled in accordance with the hazard
level of the stored waste. The pictures below show typical signs advising the
hazard posed by waste. In general, there are four different kinds of waste-
storage areas:
 non-hazardous or general waste
 hazardous waste
 infectious and sharps waste
 chemical and hazardous pharmaceutical waste
 radioactive waste.

No entry for Biohazard sign for Toxic sign for chemical

unauthorized persons infectious and sharps and hazardous
for all storage areas waste pharmaceutical waste

Example labels outside the storage facility

No eating or drinking No Smoking

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Self-Check 6.3-5
IDENTIFICATION. Identify the symbol and write your answer on the space
provided.

_______________________ ________________________ ________________________

_________________________ __________________________

ESSAY. Answer the question.

1. What is waste containment?

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Answer to Self-Check 6.2-5

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the symbol and write your answer on the space
provided.

No entry for Biohazard sign for Toxic sign for chemical

unauthorized persons infectious and sharps and hazardous
for all storage areas waste pharmaceutical waste

No eating or drinking No smoking

ESSAY. Answer the question.

1. What is waste containment?
Waste Containment is the practice of constructing storage
facilities to safely contain and control hazardous and non-hazardous
waste materials.

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Information Sheet 6.2-6

Workplace Requirements

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. Determine job requirements in waste handling
2. Identify the procedure of donning and removing of PPE

Healthcare workers need to understand the difference between

biochemical waste and other waste connected with the hospital. Hospital
waste refers to all waste, biological or non-biological that is discarded.
According to WHO report, around 85 percent of hospital waste is non-
hazardous, 10 percent is infectious and the remaining 5 percent is non-
infectious but hazardous – chemical, pharmaceutical or radioactive.
Handwashing must be done before and after each task and before and
after direct client care contact. For routine client care, the World Health
Organization (WHO) recommends hand washing under a stream of water for
at least 20 seconds.
It is important that both nurses/health care workers have knowledge
regarding the classification and the categories of waste most in the Health
care institution. These are the job requirement to follow:
 Proper wearing of personal protective equipment
 Classify the waste and its type.
 Promoting infection control to minimize the spread of
microorganism
 Hand washing after contact with anybody substances, such as
sputum, blood and drainage from a wound.
 Identifying of color coding by its type of waste.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE is equipment worn by a worker to minimize exposure to specific
occupational hazards. Using PPE is only one element in a complete safety
program that would use a variety of strategies to maintain a safe and
healthy occupational environment. PPE does not reduce the hazard itself nor
does it guarantee permanent or total protection.

Donning of PPE
Put on mask, eyewear, cap, gown, gloves and boots
a. Mask must be securely tied and fitted to face.
b. Eyewear must have protection on side of face or side shields.
c. Cap should enclose hair.
d. Tie gown securely at neck and waist.
e. Don clean disposable gloves. If worn with gown, draw glove cuffs over
gown sleeves.
f. Insert pants into the boots.

Removing PPE
1. Remove boots
2. Remove Gloves
a. Grasp the glove at the palm of the hand with the gloved fingers
of the other hand
b. Pull the glove over your hand while turning the glove inside out.
c. Place the ungloved index and middle fingers under cuff of the
remaining glove.
d. Turn
3. Untie the ties at the waist of the gown.
4. Untie the ties at the neck without touching your neck or the outside of
the gown.

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5. Pull each sleeve off by grasping each shoulder on the inside of the
gown, at the neck line.
6. Turn the sleeves and gown inside out as you slide arms up through
them.
7. Holding the gown away from your body by the inside of the shoulder
seams, fold it inside out, bringing the shoulders together.
8. Roll the gown up with the soiled side inside and discard it in the
appropriate container.
9. Remove cap.
10. Remove Eyewear.
11. Remove masks. (Pull elastic ear loop or untie the strings below first.
Don’t touch the mask itself. Discard.)

Correct order Donning and Removing PPE

Donning PPE Removing PPE
Mask Boots
Eyewear Remove the first glove by grasping it on the palmar
surface. Use “glove-to-glove”, “skin-to-skin” technique.
Then, Perform hand hygiene.
Cap Gown
Gown Cap
Gloves Eyewear
Boots Mask
If using the mask with strings, first untie the lower
strings of the mask. This prevents the top part of the
mask from falling onto the chest.

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Self-Check 6.2-6

INSTRUCTIONS: Fill-in the blanks the correct order of Donning and

Removing PPE.
Donning PPE Removing PPE
Mask

Gown

ENUMERATION
List down the important things that both nurses/health care workers must
know about job requirement in handling waste.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Answers to Self-Check 6.2-6

Instructions: Fill-in the blanks the correct order of Donning and Removing
PPE.
Donning PPE Removing PPE
Mask Boots
Eyewear Remove the first glove by grasping it on the palmar
surface. Use “glove-to-glove”, “skin-to-skin” technique.
Then, Perform hand hygiene.
Cap Gown
Gown Cap
Gloves Eyewear
Boots Mask
If using the mask with strings, first untie the lower
strings of the mask. This prevents the top part of the
mask from falling onto the chest.

ENUMERATION
List down the important things that both nurses/health care workers must
know about job requirement in handling waste.

1. Proper wearing of personal protective equipment

2. Classify the waste and its type.
3. Promoting infection control to minimize the spread of microorganism
4. Hand washing after contact with anybody substances, such as sputum,
blood and drainage from a wound.
5. Identifying of color coding by its type of waste.

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Information Sheet 6.2-7

OSH Requirements

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:
1. Explain Occupational safety and health (OSH)
2. Identify appropriate action for the risk assessment

Workplace-related health impairments, injuries and illnesses cause great

human suffering and incur high costs, both for those affected and for society
as a whole. Occupational safety and health (OSH) measures health
promotion in workplaces are aimed at preventing this. Occupational health
safety and healthy must be seen as an important corporate goal of a
hospital. Safe and healthy working conditions for workers can be achieved
more efficiently if the implementation of occupational safety and health is
integrated into a quality management system. Risk assessment is an
ongoing process and has to be repeated frequently, and the results have to
be documented and integrated into the strategic planning by the
management.
According to the information provided by EU-OSHA, healthcare
employers can take the appropriate action for the risk assessment following
the five steps below.

Step 1 — Identifying hazards and those at risk

—
Step 2 — Evaluating and prioritizing risks

Step 3 — Deciding on preventive action — T-O-P

Step 4 — Taking action

Step 5 — Documentation, monitoring and review

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Step 1 — Identifying hazards and those at risk

Specific risks that should be addressed are, for example:
 the handling of blood and blood products, including the handling of
needles and other sharp objects;
 exposure to chemical agents/hazardous substances, including
cleaning agents and disinfectants;
 time pressure, high workload and interpersonal conflicts;
 manual patient handling, lifting, pushing and pulling of weights;

Step 2 — Evaluating and prioritizing risks

Not all of the identified risks and hazards will have the same
importance nor can they all be addressed at the same time. It is
recommended to prioritize within the risks and hazards and to agree which
ones should be tackled first.

Step 3 — Deciding on preventive action — T-O-P

After identifying and prioritizing the risks in the facility, the next step
is the identification of the appropriate measures to eliminate or control the
risks.

If possible, a risk should be avoided rather than being reduced, e.g. a

dangerous chemical substance should be replaced by a less dangerous one.
Additionally, the following hierarchy should be considered regarding
preventive measures: first technical solutions should be considered, followed
by organizational and finally personal/individual measures.

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Technical Measures
T If possible, risks should be reduced with technical appliances,
technical aids or construction measures.

Organizational Measures
A good work organization and written organizational
O agreements on working sequences can avoid or reduce
risks.

Personal/individual measures
Individual instructions as well as training and most
P importantly retraining measures are necessary for
sustainable effects on workers’ health and safety.

Step 4 — Taking action

Implement the preventive and protective measures according to the
prioritization plan.

Step 5 — Documentation, monitoring and review

The documentation should include the results of the risk analysis and
provide photos. The preventive measures must be monitored and evaluated.
Additional modifications might be necessary if the measures do not produce
the expected results. Additionally, changes in the work organization or work
environment may also change the level of risk. The risk assessment will
have to be updated in such cases. Also, it must be reviewed at regular
intervals. A set date to review the measures taken and a reevaluation of the
risks at work should be included into the documentation of the risk
assessment. The risk assessment has to be revised whenever significant
changes occur.

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Healthcare Occupational Safety and Health Requirements

 Wear PPE
 Implement infection control
 Hand washing
 Apply proper waste disposal with its label
 Be observant of risks and hazards
 Knowledgeable of symbols and signs

Types of Hazards
The hazardous nature of health-care waste is due to one or more of the
following characteristics:
 presence of infectious agents
 a genotoxic or cytotoxic chemical composition
 presence of toxic or hazardous chemicals or biologically aggressive
pharmaceuticals
 presence of radioactivity
 presence of used sharps.

Label and Symbols

Labelling of waste containers is used to identify the source, record the
type and quantities of waste produced in each area, and allow problems with
waste segregation to be traced back to a medical area. Using an
international hazard symbol on each waste container is also recommended.

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Self-Check 6.2-7
ENUMERATION.
A. List down the five step of appropriate action for risk assessment. Then,
explain each step.
Step 1: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 2: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 3: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 4: ___________________________________________________________________
Step 5: ___________________________________________________________________

B. List at least 5 Healthcare OSH Requirements.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ESSAY.
What is the meaning and definition of OSH?

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Answer to Self-Check 6.2-7

ENUMERATION.
A. List down the five step of appropriate action for risk assessment. Then,
explain each step.
Step 1: Identifying hazards and those at risk
Step 2: Evaluating and prioritizing risks
Step 3: Deciding on preventive action — T-O-P
Step 4: Taking action
Step 5: Documentation, monitoring and review

B. List at least 5 Healthcare OSH Requirements.

Any of this
 Wear PPE
 Implement infection control
 Hand washing
 Apply proper waste disposal with its label
 Be observant of risks and hazards
 Knowledgeable of symbols and signs

ESSAY.
What is the meaning and definition of OSH?
Occupational safety and health (OSH) measures health promotion in
workplaces are aimed at preventing workplace-related health impairments,
injuries and illnesses.

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RESOURCES:

Book or E-book

Nicolas, B. (2013). Handling Waste in a Health Care Environment.

Digos City

Health Care Services NC II Competency based Curriculum

Health Care Services NC II Training Regulations

Websites

 https://www.jumeirah.com/globalassets/global/hotels-and-
resorts/dubai/jumeirah-living-wtcr/facilities/corporate-and-social-
responsibility/jumeirah-living-wtcr-waste-management-plan-2015.pdf
 Module 2: The Healthcare Waste Management System (who.int)
 AFE5 (who.int)
 Health Care Waste Manual (doh.gov.ph)
 googel.ocm
 https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/Health_Care_Wa
ste_Management_Manual.pdf
 https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12308722_02.pdf
 https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/739070/W
aste-Management-Plan-template.pdf
 https://gsb.ateneo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/op_no_14_-
_case_studies_on_healthcare_waste_management_practices.pdf
 https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/30/060/
30060402.pdf
 https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1965/osh.pdf
 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/85349/9789241
548564_eng.pdf;jsessionid=DAF86178675EB5AF4615A3870C2107FB
?sequence=1

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Competency Assessment Tools

EVIDENCE PLAN

Unit of Competency Handle Waste in a Health Care Environment

Module Title Handling Waste in a Health Care Environment

Demonstration with
oral questioning
Ways in which evidence will be collected:

Written Test
[tick the column]

Portfolio
The evidence must show that the candidate…
1. *Interpreted job requirements.   
2. *Organized work areas and waste containers.   
3. *Selected appropriate emergency and personal   
protective equipment.
4. *Identified potential risks, hazards to waste handling   
and waste non- conformances.
5. Identify waste types, streams and characteristics.   
6. Manage processes on Site Waste.   
7. Plan workplace waste management.   
8. Identify waste contaminants.   
9. Perform waste non-conformance procedures.   
10. Recognize Potential risks and hazards to waste   
sorting and containment.
11. Demonstrate sorting and transporting techniques.   
12. Present containment method.   
13. Perform emergency response procedures.   
14. Demonstrate workplace requirements   
15. Manage occupational health and safety   
requirements.
16. Care duty in provision and handle waste activities.   
17. Present relevant industry standards.   

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18. Present relevant legislation.   

19. Present environmental regulations.   
20. Demonstrate infection control guidelines.   
21. Fluent in communication skills   
22. Identify waste streams/types/characteristics.   
23. Read and interpret work requirements.   
24. Organize equipment availability.   
25. Operate equipment.   
26. Handle materials with skills.   
27. Identify waste types.   
28. Identify and handle waste non-conformances.   
29. Package and containment of waste.   
30. Organize methodical work.   
31. Practice safe and efficient work.   
32. Use emergency and personal protective equipment.   
33. Demonstrate with questioning.   
34. Answer interview.   
35. Present portfolio.   
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

Prepared by: Rayjean P. Doblas Date: May 7, 2020

Checked by: Karren Joy P. Sales Date: May 7, 2020

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Table of Specifications

Objectives/ # of items
Content Knowledge Comprehension Application / % of
Area/Topics test
Waste types,
streams and
1 10%
characteristics

Workplace
waste
management 1 10%
plans

Waste non-
conformance
1 10%
procedures

Sorting and
transporting
1 1 20%
techniques

Containment
Method 1 10%

Workplace
requirements 1 1 20%

OSH
requirements 1 1 20%

TOTAL 3 3 4 100%

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TEST ITEM DISTRIBUTION # of

Objectives/ Percent
items
Content Knowled Comprehensi Applicati age
/ % of
Area/Topics ge on on %
test
Waste types,
streams and
1 1 10%
characteristics

Workplace
waste
management 1 1 10%
plans

Waste non-
conformance
1 1 10%
procedures

Sorting and
transporting
1 1 2 20%
techniques

Containment
Method 1 1 10%

Workplace
requirements 1 1 2 20%

OSH
requirements 1 1 2 20%

TOTAL 3 3 4 10 100%

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Written Test
Multiple Choice
Please select the best answer that corresponds to each given item by
encircling the letter of your choice.
1. Drugs and chemicals that have been returned from wards, have been
spilled, are outdated, or contaminated.
a. Cytotoxic Waste
b. Medical Sharp Waste
c. Pharmaceutical Waste
d. General Waste
e. Infectious Waste

2. It includes drugs known to have carcinogenic, mutagenic or

teratogenic potential.
a. Cytotoxic Waste
b. Medical Sharp Waste
c. Pharmaceutical Waste
d. General Waste
e. Infectious Waste

3. All discarded hypodermic needles attached to syringes or tubing as

well as blades and syringes contaminated with medical waste.
a. Cytotoxic Waste
b. Medical Sharp Waste
c. Pharmaceutical Waste
d. General Waste
e. Infectious Waste

4. These are waste which largely composed of domestic or household

type of waste.
a. Cytotoxic Waste
b. Medical Sharp Waste
c. Pharmaceutical Waste
d. General Waste
e. Infectious Waste

5. It is hazardous e.g. culture and stocks of infectious agents from

laboratories, waste from surgery, waste originating from infectious
patients.
a. Cytotoxic Waste
b. Medical Sharp Waste
c. Pharmaceutical Waste
d. General Waste
e. Infectious Waste
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6. How to wear PPE in identifying and segregating waste?

a. cephalocaudal direction
b. clockwise direction
c. counter-clockwise direction
d. lower to upper direction
7. What is the meaning of PPE?
a. Presence Preparation of Equipment
b. Personal Preparation Equipment
c. Personal Protective Equipment
d. People Power Equipment
8. How to disposed medical waste?
a. Medical waste will be just placed in any container and transport
to any site.
b. Medical waste will be labeled as Biohazardous waste. It will be
transported to the designated accumulation site and placed
labeled medical waste containers.
c. Medical waste is a dangerous waste therefore it will be kept in a
place where it comes.
d. None of the above
9. Needles, scalpel, broken glasses/vials, broken thermometer are an
examples of ________________ waste.
a. Biodegradable
b. Non-biodegradable
c. Sharps
d. Chemical
10. The following waste are example of chemical waste except one.
a. Empty Lysol bottle
b. Empty betadine bottle
c. Empty baygon bottle
d. Empty mineral water bottle

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Answer Key to Written Test

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. e
6. a
7. c
8. b
9. c
10. d

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Demonstration with Questioning Checklist

Trainee name: JELLIE MAE G. ALBISO
Trainer name: RAYJEAN P. DOBLAS
Qualification: HCS NC II
Unit of competency: Handle Waste in a Health Care Environment
Date of assessment: May 7, 2021
Time of assessment: 8:00 am – 12:00 nn/ 1:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Instructions for demonstration
Given the necessary tools, the candidate will be able to demonstrate,
identifying and segregating waste following standard procedures within
15 minutes.
 to show if
DEMONSTRATION evidence is
demonstrated

Yes No N/A
During the demonstration of skills, did the candidate:
 Stated the Types of Waste and its examples.   
 Stated the purpose of identifying and segregating
  
waste
 Performed hand hygiene or hand washing.   
 Gathered and Presented Personal Protective
  
Equipment.
 Wore PPE in cephalocaudal direction (mask,
  
goggles, cap, gown, gloves, boots).
 Collected waste.   
 Identified and segregated waste according to its
  
type. (appropriate garbage bin).
 Explained that pull out bags in the garbage bin
and tied it securely when it is full and ready to   
transport to storage area.

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 Removed PPE from most contaminated to the least

contaminated (boots, gloves, gown, cap, goggles,   
mask).
 Placed soiled PPE to corresponding bins.   
 Washed hands.   

The candidate’s demonstration was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 

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Demonstration with Oral Questioning Checklist (continued)

Questions Satisfactory
response

The trainee should answer the following questions: Yes No

1. Why is it important to identify and segregate  
waste?
2. What are the PPE used before identifying and  
segregating waste?
3. How to wear PPE before identifying and segregating
 
waste?
4. What is the first thing to do in identifying and
 
segregating waste?
5. What are the waste type categories?
 

The trainee’s underpinning knowledge was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
Feedback to trainee:

The trainee’s overall performance was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 

Assessor’s signature: Date:

May 7, 2021

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Suggested Questions with Answers for Oral Questioning [continued]

Questions with Answers

1. Why is it important to identify and segregate waste?

Answer: It is important to identify and segregate waste in
order for us to recycle other waste materials and lesser
waste goes to landfill. The person assignment will be
alarmed what kind of waste in the bin.

2. What are the PPE used before identifying and segregating waste?
Answer: Mask, Eyewear, Cap, Gown, and Boots

3. How to wear PPE before identifying and segregating waste?

Answer: cephalocaudal direction

4. What is the first thing to do in identifying and segregating waste?

Answer: Hand washing or personal hygiene

5. What are the waste type categories?

Answer: Biodegradable, Non-Biodegradable, Infectious,
Sharps, Cytotoxic; Radioactive and Chemical

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

Services NCII April 2021 Issued by:
Handle Waste
Developed by: DARADFI Page 67 of 69
in a Health
Care Rayjean P. Doblas Revision # 01
Environment

Downloaded by Alilin Woyen A. ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|19402914

Oral Questioning Checklist

Trainee name: JELLIE MAE G. ALBISO
Trainer name: RAYJEAN P. DOBLAS
Qualification: HCS NC II
Unit of competency: Handle Waste in a Health Care Environment
Date of assessment: May 7, 2021
Time of assessment: 8:00 am – 12:00 nn/ 1:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Instructions for Oral Questioning
The candidate will be assessed based on his/her answers to the given
questions. The assessor should not deviate from the standard questions
provided herein.
Oral Questions Satisfactory
response
The trainee should answer the following questions: Yes No

1. Why is it important to identify and segregate waste?  

2. What are the PPE used before identifying and  

segregating waste?
3. How to wear PPE before identifying and segregating
 
waste?
4. What is the first thing to do in identifying and
 
segregating waste?
5. What are the waste type categories?  
The trainee’s underpinning knowledge was:
Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
Feedback to trainee:

The trainee’s overall performance was:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
Assessor’s signature: Date: May 7, 2021

The candidate’s responses were:

Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000
Services NCII April 2021 Issued by:
Handle Waste
Developed by: DARADFI Page 68 of 69
in a Health
Care Rayjean P. Doblas Revision # 01
Environment

Downloaded by Alilin Woyen A. ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|19402914

Suggested Questions with Answers for Oral Questioning [continued]

Questions with Answers

1. Why is it important to identify and segregate waste?

Answer: It is important to identify and segregate waste in
order for us to recycle other waste materials and lesser
waste goes to landfill. The person assignment will be
alarmed what kind of waste in the bin.

2. What are the PPE used before identifying and segregating waste?
Answer: Mask, Eyewear, Cap, Gown, and Boots

3. How to wear PPE before identifying and segregating waste?

Answer: cephalocaudal direction

4. What is the first thing to do in identifying and segregating waste?

Answer: Hand washing or personal hygiene

5. What are the waste type categories?

Answer: Biodegradable, Non-Biodegradable, Infectious,
Sharps, Cytotoxic; Radioactive and Chemical

Health Care Date Developed: Document No. DARADFI-HCSNCII-0000

Services NCII April 2021 Issued by:
Handle Waste
Developed by: DARADFI Page 69 of 69
in a Health
Care Rayjean P. Doblas Revision # 01
Environment

Downloaded by Alilin Woyen A. ([email protected])