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Lab Report 9

The document summarizes a lab report on heat pumps. The objective was to familiarize students with how heat pumps work and their basic components like the compressor, evaporator, expansion valve, and condenser. Key points covered include how heat pumps move heat from a cooler to warmer area using mechanical energy, the schematic diagram of the heat pump process, and safety precautions when operating a heat pump. Environmental benefits are also discussed.

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mamoona noreen
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275 views5 pages

Lab Report 9

The document summarizes a lab report on heat pumps. The objective was to familiarize students with how heat pumps work and their basic components like the compressor, evaporator, expansion valve, and condenser. Key points covered include how heat pumps move heat from a cooler to warmer area using mechanical energy, the schematic diagram of the heat pump process, and safety precautions when operating a heat pump. Environmental benefits are also discussed.

Uploaded by

mamoona noreen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THERMODYNAMICS

LAB REPORT 9: HEAT PUMP


Submitted by: Hamna Anwaar Registration no: 335763
TITLE: Heat pump

OBJECTIVE: To familiarize students with the working of Heat pump. And to draw the schematic diagram
and to identify and study the basic parts of heat pump. We are going to determine the heat absorbed
and released in evaporator and condenser respectively and the coefficient of performance (COP). To
familiarize students with working and safety precautions as well as the necessary knowledge regarding
the subject.

THEORY: To understand a heat pump lets assume there is a common water pump. Water pumps usually
use electric energy to make the water flow in the opposite direction of the spontaneous flow. Similarly,
a heat pump also moves heat in a direction opposite to the spontaneous flow i.e. from colder region to
hotter region. Many appliances work on the principle of heat pump for instance refrigerators and air
conditioners. The major components of the heat pump are as follows:

1. Compressor:
The compressor places the refrigerant in system under high pressure by compressing it. The
temperature of the refrigerant increases and it is turned into a high pressure gas.
2. Evaporator:
The refrigerant enters the evaporator as a low pressure liquid and gets evaporated, after
absorbing the heat from the heat source.
3. Expansion valve:
As the name indicates in expansion valve allows the pressure in the refrigerant to relieve and as
a result the refrigerant cools down (Joule Thomson effect).
4. Condenser:
The refrigerant enters the condenser as a high temperature vapour, rejects heat to the sink by
condensation at a high pressure and leaves as a high- temperature liquid.
Schematic diagram:
In the process (1-2) mechanical energy Win is absorbed while compressor compresses the refrigerant.
In the process (2-3) the Qout is drawn off from the refrigerant (at constant temperature) and the
refrigerant is liquified in the compressor. In an expansion valve pressure is relieved from the liquid
refrigerant, thereby cooling it down (3-4). Evaporator evaporates the refrigerant along with heat
absorption (4-1).

APPARATUS:

The apparatus consists of the following parts:

 Heat pump
 Thermostat
PROCEDURE:

 We simply turn on the heat pump by pressing the power button after performing the
initial steps to perform the experiment.
 We wait for a while after turning the heat pump on and then record the temperature
values across each component using a thermostat.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

 The experiment shall be performed under a skilled supervisor.


 The unit should be operated according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
 Keep away from fan blades.
 Check for any leaks before operating.

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:

We observed a temperature drop across the evaporation chamber because heat is absorbed. And an
increase in temperature was observed across the compressor and condenser as heat is released

PRINCIPLE:

The boiling point is reached when the vapour pressure becomes equal to the external pressure. The
boiling point can be manipulated by changing the external pressure. So, by lowering the pressure the
fluid can be evaporated at low temperatures and vice versa. It works on first law of thermodynamics.

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONS:

The experimental value of coefficient of performance (COP) was observed to be less than that of
theoretical value. There can be numerous explanations:

Mechanical and electrical losses in the compressor or other components of the system, error in the
measuring devices.

ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE:

 Heat pumps are less pollution-intensive than the fossil-fueled alternatives.


 Air-source heat pumps extract heat from the outside air, operating like fridges in reverse. These
heat pumps in a residential setting can save more than 2 tonnes of carbon per year, contributing
up to 20% less CO2e than gas boilers and up to 70% less than electric systems

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