ORISON ACADEMY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

GRADE 11COMPUTER SCIENCE MATERIAL

8.DATA HANDLING
Data Type:
Data type is a kind of data that a variable hold in a programming
language.
To find the Data Type used in the variable , the function used is :
type( variable name/ value)
To find the Memory address of variable ,the function used is :
id( variable name/ value)
To convert from one datatype to another:
Two methods:implicit and explicit conversion
 Implicit conversion: Datatype change brought about
the compiler.
 Example of implicit: 9.0+2=11.0 (one is int another is
float data type so the result is converted in to float)
 Explicit conversion: Datatype change brought about
the user.
 Example of explicit:a=9
float(a)
(result is 9.0 , since user has
written the code as float(a))
Classification of Data Type:
1.Integers:
All the whole numbers belongs to the integer datatype
It can be signed or unsigned which means that it can be
negative or positive values
Integers further classified into decimal, Boolean , octal and
hexadecimal
 Decimal numbers will be from 0 to 9
Boolean numbers are 0 and 1
Octal numbers are from 0 to 7 and it will be prefixed with 0o
Hexadecimal numbers are from 0 to 9 and A to F(10 to 15)
and it will be prefixed with 0x

2.Floating point numbers/ real :

All the numbers with decimal point are said to be real
numbers
It can be represented in 3 ways: 7.8 (or) 7.8X10power1 (or)
7.8 E 1 (or) 7.8 e 1
E or E represents EXPONENT; number before E or e is called
mantissa part ; number after E or e is called as exponent
part
Single precision float can hold 7 digits after decimal point
Double Precision float can hold15 digits after decimal point
Comma and space should not be used while representing
int and float numbers

3.Complex Numbers :
The numbers with real and imaginary *art 5s ter0 t6 be the
complex numbers
It is represented in the form of real + imaginary
Example: k=4+5j where j=√-1
To print only the real part give the code as k.real and for
imaginary give the code as k.imag
If the input is 0+any imaginary part then in the result only
the imaginary part will get displayed
4.Strings:
Strings can be a single character enclosed with single
quotes/ group of characters with single or double quotes /
group f lines with triple or double quotes.
Strings supports indexing. It can be forward or backward
indexing
Forward indexing starts from 0 to n.
Backward indexing from -1
Example: s=”all the best”
T=’j’
W=’logical thinking’
S[1] will give the result as l

5.Lists:
Group of elements are declared in a single variable is
termed as list.
The list is represented using [ ]
List is an ordered list
List allows indexing
Example: L=[8,2,3]
L[2] will give the result as 3

6.Tuples:
Group of elements are declared in a single variable is
termed as tuple.
The tuple is represented using ( )
tuple is an ordered way of representing
tuple allows indexing
 Example: T=(8,2,3)
T[1] will give the result as 2

7.Sets:
Group of elements are declared in a single variable is
termed as Set.
Sets are represented using { }
Sets are unordered list
Sets doesn’t support indexing
Sets is the only datatype which doesnot allow duplicate
values. EX: S={5,5,5} while printing the result only {5} will be
the result
While updating the Sets, only the immutable objects can be
updated with the existing set.

8.Dictionary:
Group of elements are declared with key and values in a
single variable is termed as dictionary.
Dictionaries are represented using { key:”value”}
Example: D={1:”apple”,2:”banana”,63:”icecream”}
Dictionary indexing is based on key.
D[63] will give the result as icecream
Key values can be updated/ edited.

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 MUTABLE AND IMMUTABLE OBJECTS

S.NO MUTABILITY IMMUTABILITY

1 Mutability means that in the Immutability means that new
same memory address , new value cannot be stored in the
value can be stored as and same memory address as and
whenever needed. whenever needed.
2 Mutable objects: Immutable Objects:
List, sets, dictionaries Int, float, string,Boolean ,
*Note: sets doesn’t support tuples
the same mutable objects to
get added
3 Example: Example:
L=[8,9,5] Sample=”nams”
L[1]=3 S[3]=”e”
Now L value will get Here the data cannot be
changed to L=[8,3,5] but the changed.
memory address remains the Excemption case:
same I=8
I=5
Now the value of I will change
to 5 from 5, at the same time
memory address will also get
changed,since it’s immutable.
1. INTEGERS
>>> i=3
>>> id(i)
507107312
>>> i=4
>>> id(i)
507107344
>>> # so i is immutable
2. FLOAT
>>> f=9.8
>>> id(f)
30672240
>>> f=6.8
>>> id(f)
30674112
>>> # so float is immutable
3. BOOLEAN
>>> b=0
>>> id(b)
507107216
>>> b=1
>>> id(b)
507107248
>>> #so bool is immutable
4. COMPLEX
>>> c=9+2j
>>> id(c)
43051696
>>> c=0+2j
>>> id(c)
50966032
>>> #so complex is immutable
5. STRINGS
>>> S="you"
>>> S[0]
'y'
>>> S[0]='E'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#23>", line 1, in <module>
S[0]='E'
 TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
>>>#so strings are immutable
6. LISTS
>>> L=[3,4,5]
>>> L
[3, 4, 5]
>>> id(L)
52318856
>>> L[0]
3
>>> L[0]=1
>>> L
[1, 4, 5]
>>> id(L)
52318856
>>> #So lists are mutable
7. DICTIONARY
>>> D={1:"J",2:"K"}
>>> D
{1: 'J', 2: 'K'}
>>> id(D)
52944392
>>> D[2]
'K'
>>> D[2]='L'
>>> D
{1: 'J', 2: 'L'}
>>> id(D)
52944392
>>>#So dictionaries are mutable
8. SETS
>>> S={5,6}
>>> id(S)
52267496
>>> S={5,6,(7)}
>>> S
{5, 6, 7}
>>> id(S)
52268392
>>> S={5,6,7,[8]}
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#26>", line 1, in <module>
S={5,6,7,[8]}
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
>>> #So sets are mutable, we can or remove elements . but we
cannot add mutable objects in to the set.
>>> #also set can have another set inside it, which is called as
subset