Paddington Academy
TOPIC 17 TEST
1. (a) (i) propyl methanoate (1)
not propanyl
• A wrong reagent or no reagent scores zero
• An incomplete reagent such as silver nitrate for Tollens,
or potassium dichromate loses the reagent mark, but can
get both observation marks
• penalise observations which just say colour change
occurs or only state starting colour
(ii) Reagent: NaHCO (1) 3
Observation with C: no reaction (1)
Observation with D: effervescence (1)
for C and D NOT Tollens
Test an identified acidified acidified correct UI or stated PCl5
(hydrogen) K2Cr2O7 KMnO4 metal indicator
carbonate
Observation no reaction goes green goes no reaction no change no reaction
with C colourless
observation bubbles or CO2 no change no change bubbles or red or correct (misty) fumes
with D H2 colour
pH 3 – 6.9
4
[4]
2. (a) CH OH + CH CH COOH → CH CH COOCH + H O
3 3 2 3 2 3 2
(b) (nucleophilic) addition–elimination NOT acylation
1
ignore use of Cl to remove H
– +
M3 for structure
M4 for 3 arrows and lone pair
4
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(c)
allow C H and –CO – 2 5 2
allow CH CH COOCOCH CH 3 2 2 3
or (CH CH CO) O 3 2 2
(d) (i) faster/not reversible/bigger yield/purer product/no(acid) (catalyst)
required
1
(ii) anhydride less easily hydrolysed or reaction less violent/exothermic
no (corrosive) (HCl) fumes formed or safer or less toxic/dangerous
expense of acid chloride or anhydride cheaper
any one
1
[9]
3. X is CH CH COOH or propanoic acid
3 2
1
Y is CH CH(OH)CH or propan-2-ol
3 3 1
if both name and formula given, both must be correct, but allow propanol with
correct formula
Mark the type of reaction and reagent/condition independently.
The reagent must be correct or close to score condition
Step 1 Oxidation
K Cr O /H or other oxidation methods as above
2 2 7
+
allow Cr O H if penalised above (ecf)
2 7
2– +
reflux (not Tollens/Fehlings) or heat or warm
1
Step 2 reduction or nucleophilic reduction or reduction or
1
addition nucleophilic addition hydrogenation
NaBH 4 LiAlH 4 H 2 1
in (m)ethanol or water or ether ether or dry Ni / Pt etc
1
or dry
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Step 3 esterification or (nucleophilic) addition-elimination or condensation
1
(conc) H SO or HCl
2 4
warm (allow without acid reagent if X and Y given as reagents)
1
or reflux or heat
1
[10]
4. (a) (nucleophilic) addition-elimination
1
M4 for 3 arrows and lp
Allow wrong amine in M1 but penalise in M3
Allow C H in M3
3 7
Minus sign on NH loses M1 (but not M4 if NH also shown here)
3 3
• Allow attack by: NH CH CH CH2 2 2 3
• M2 not allowed independent of M1, but allow M1 for
correct attack on C +
• + rather than δ+ on C=O loses M2
• If Cl lost with C=O breaking, max 1 for M1
• M3 for correct structure with charges but lone pair on O is
part of M4
• 3 arrows in M4 can be shown in two separate steps.
• If M3 drawn twice, mark first answer eg ignore missing + if
missed off second structure
• Only allow M4 after correct / very close M3
• For M4, ignore RNH removing H but lose M4 for Cl
2
+ –
removing H in mechanism,
+
• but ignore HCl shown as a product.
4
N-propylethanamide must be this name even if wrong amine used
NOT N-propylethaneamide
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1
(b) (i)
Not allow ambiguous C H NH
3 7 2
BEWARE No mark for the original amine CH CH CH NH
3 2 2 2
Label and structure must both be correct for each type to
score the mark.
1
Allow C H
2 5
Penalize wrong number of carbons but otherwise correct,
first time only.
1
(ii) Absorption at 3300−3500 (cm ) in spectrum
−1
Allow trough, peak, spike.
Ignore absorption at 750 − 1100 for C–C bond in secondary -
this is within fingerprint region.
Allow any number in this range.
If range missing, no further marks.
If range linked to tertiary, no further marks.
1
N–H (bond) (only) present in secondary amine or not present in tertiary
amine
OR
This peak or N–H absorption (only) present in spectrum of secondary
amine or not present in spectrum of tertiary amine
1
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(c) (i) M1 Route A: stage 1 KCN
Apply list principle for extra reagents or catalysts
NOT HCN NOT KCN / acid Not KCN / HCN
1
M2 Aqueous or ethanolic
M2 only scores after correct M1
ignore warm; acid here loses M1 & M2
1
M3 Route A Intermediate CH CH CN or propanenitrile
3 2
If M3 intermediate wrong, max 2 for M1 & M2 ie no mark for
stage 2
Name alone must be exactly correct to gain M1 but mark on if name
close
But if M3 intermediate close, eg “nitrile” or wrong nitrile, can
award marks in stage 2
correct formula gains M1 (ignore name if close)
If stage 1 correct and intermediate is missing, can award
marks in stage 2
contradiction of name and formula loses mark
stage 1 wrong & intermediate missing, no marks.
1
M4 Route A: stage 2 H 2
H loses M4 but mark on
LiAlH 4
Apply list principle for extra reagents or catalysts.
M5 only scores after correct M4
Not NaBH not Sn or Fe / HCl
4
Allow (dil) acid after but not with LiAlH 4
Penalise conc acid.
1
M5 Ni or Pt or Pd
ether
1
M6 Route B NH 3
With acid loses M6 & M7
Apply list principle for extra reagents or catalysts.
1
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M7 Excess NH 3
Ignore conc, ignore high P, ignore solvent.
1
(ii) Route A disadv Toxic / poisonous KCN or cyanide or CN− or HCN
Expensive LiAlH4
ignore acidified
OR lower yield because 2 steps
Allow H flammable / explosive etc.
2
Not just dangerous.
Ignore time reasons.
1
Route B disadv Further reaction / substitution likely
Allow impure product.
1
[20]
5. (a) (i) propan(e)-1,2,3-triol or 1,2,3- propan(e)triol
not propyl
ignore hyphen, commas
1
(ii) soaps
allow anionic surfactant
not cationic surfactant
not detergents, not shampoos
1
(b) (i) (bio)diesel
Allow fuel for diesel engines
not biofuel, not oils
1
(ii)
ignore anything else attached except any more H atoms.
1
(iii) CH (CH ) COOCH + 21½O → 15CO + 15 H O
3 2 12 3 2 2 2
OR
C H O or 43/2
15 30 2
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not allow equation doubled
1
[5]
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6. Sample in capillary / melting point tube
Accept alternative as long as small container used
1
Heat in melting point apparatus / heat gently / slowly near melting point
1
[2]
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