(2 [cg ae ee | Biles WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL why CAVALRY DRILL REGULATIONS, HORSE WAR DEPARTMENT * 13 MARCH 1944DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL UODINI UUM cavansew 621404 CAVALRY DRILL REGULATIONS, WAR DEPARTMENT . 13 MARCH 1944 United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1944SKS: WAR DEPARTMENT, Wasuincton 25, D. C., 13 Marcu 1944. FM 2-5, Cavalry Field Manual, Cavalry Drill Regu- lations, Horse, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned. [A. G. 300.7 (10 Jan 44).] BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF War: G. C. MARSHALL, Chief of Staff. OFFICIAL: JA UEIO; Major General, The Adjutant General. DISTRIBUTION : B and H 2(5); R 2(5) ; IBn 2(10) ; IC 2(15). (For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.) BIBLIGTEKA WA JHA BEOGRA, lay, br. BM) 3 CONTENTS Cuapter 1. Individual instruction. Section I. General II.. Commands ........ Cuapter 2. Drill. Section I. General rules and fundamentals .... II. Manual of arms for rifle, mounted ... III. Rifle squad, rifle | troop: ee ee. | IV. Rifle platoon, rifle | trop 2ANAR2, OOF, | V. Light machine-gun squad, rifle troop . VI. Light machine-gun section, rifle troop VII. Caliber .50 machine- gun squad, rifle troop. AOMt A352 VII. Caliber 50 machine- gun section, rifle HEOOD sss TEM Paragraphs 8 15 16— 20 21- 60 61- 82 83- 97 98-113 114-118 119-124 Page 17 21 22 39 52 60 67 71IX. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVI. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. Machine-gun pla- toon, rifle troop... Riflettroop:* <5 Machine-gun squad, weapons troop ... Machine-gun section, weapons troop ... Machine-gun platoon, weapons troop ... Mortar squad, weapons troop ... Mortar section, weapons troop ... Mortar platoon, weapons troop ... Weapons troop .... Train defense pla- toon, service troop Pioneer and demoli- tions section, ser- VICE TOOD acne Administrative _ pla- toon, service troop Regimental motor maintenance pla- toon, service troop Supply and transpor- tation platoon, ser- Vice, LOOP. 4 «< n:0.0,« Service troop ...... Communications pla- toon, peiaeactoee troop Paragraphs 125-144 145-162 163-169 170-172 173-174 175-179 180-183 184-188 189-203 204-205 206-207 208-209 210-211 212-213 214-215 216-217 Page 73 81 93 104 104 105 105 106 106 ; ; } ’ ; | XXV. Reconnaissance _ pla- toon, headquarters POOP As ase a gas XXVI. Antitank platoon, headquarters troop XXVII. Headquarters troop . XXVIII. Rifle squadron ..... XXIX. Regiment ......... Paragraphs 218-223 224-225 226-228 229-239 240-245 Caper 3. Ceremonies and inspections. APPENDIX. INDEX Section I. General provisions and initial for- mations TI. Reviews .. III. Parades IVs “Escorts... V. Inspections Organizational charts 246-253 254-259 260-262 263-266 267-272 Page 107 it 111 112 119 123 133 143 146 151 161This manual supersedes FM 2-5, Horse Cavalry, 6 August 1940, including Changes No. 1, 19 September 1941, CHAPTER 1 INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION SECTION I GENERAL 1, SCOPE. a. The mounted drill prescribed herein is designed primarily for organizations and units of horse cavalry. Some of the explanation is of a general nature which gives sufficient latitude for adaptation to specific organizations. Interpretation should be based on these general provisions, and all should learn to use this manual as a guide to a common-sense solution of minor points which are not specifically covered in the text. b. The diagrams of organization shown in the figures herein are based on approved Tables of Organization and Equipment. They may be adapted to changes in Tables of Organization and Equipment, and to the maneuver space available. 2. PURPOSES OF DRILL. The purposes of drill are to— a, Enable a commander to move his command from one place to another in an orderly manner and to provide simple formations from which dispositions for combat may readily be assumed.b. Aid in disciplinary training by instilling habits of precision and response to the leader’s orders. ¢. Provide a means, through ceremonies, of enhancing the morale of troops, developing the spirit of cohesion, and giving interesting spectacles to the public. d. Give junior officers and noncommissioned officers practice in commanding troops. SECTION II COMMANDS 3. KINDS AND PURPOSE. - a. There are two kinds of commands—preparatory commands, such as FORWARD, which indicate the movement or formation that is desired ; and commands of execution, such as MARCH, HALT, or ARMS, which cause such movement to be executed. At times, a single command is used which both indicates the movement and causes its execution, such as RALLY or FOLLOW ME. be The purpose of commands is to transmit orally the will of the leader in the control of the movement of his unit with respect to direction of its march, formation, gait, pace, or speed. Cc. Drill and combat signals are for the purpose of transmitting commands when the transmission will be more simple and efficient than would be possible by use of the voice. Drill and combat signals may be by whistle or by arm and hand. d. Subordinate commanders repeat signals or give ap- propriate commands to their units whenever necessary to insure prompt and correct execution. e. To indicate danger or an air or mechanized attack, use three long blasts of a whistle, vehicular horn, siren, or klaxon repeated several times; or three equally spaced shots with riflle or pistol; or three short bursts of fire from machine gun or submachine gun. In daylight, the individual giving the signal points in the direction of the impending danger; at night, the alarm signal will be sup- plemented by voice warning to indicate the direction of danger, : 4. MEANS OF TRANSMISSION. a. Commands may be transmitted by any of the following methods: (1) Voice. (2) Visual signals. (3) Example of the leader (speed or gait, and direction). (4) Audible signals (whistle, bugle, horn). (5) Radio, telephone, telegraph. (6) Messengers and staff officers. (7) Combination of any of the preceding methods. (8) Example of the base element or subdivision. b. Whatever the method used, it is considered equiva- lent to an oral command. 5. METHOD OF GIVING COMMANDS. a. A prepar- atory command should be given at such interval of time before the command of execution as will allow its being properly understood ; the command of execution should be given at the instant the movement is to commence. When- ever the preparatory command must be repeated by sub- ordinate unit commanders the interval between commands should be longer. b. Commands must be given in such a manner that they may be understood readily by those for whom they are intended. The tone of the command should be animated, distinct, and of a loudness apportioned to the number of men affected. Preparatory commands are given with a rising inflection. The command of execution for mounted drill movements is slightly prolonged. At a halt, a person giving an oral command or making a report habitually faces the unit to which the command is given or the 3person to whom the report is made. The staff of a com- mander giving commands or making reports does not conform to the temporary changes of front of the com- mander but maintains its position. ¢. Preparatory commands may be revoked by the com- mand aS YOU WERE, 6. WHISTLE SIGNALS. A short blast of the whistle may be used to attract the attention of subordinate leaders or troops prior to giving arm and hand signals. Whistle signals other than the three following are prohibited: a. Attention. A short blast of the whistle. b. Cease firing. A long blast of the whistle. This should be confirmed at once by the appropriate arm and hand signal or by other means. ¢. Air or mechanized warning or other immediate and grave danger. Three long blasts repeated several times (see par. 3), 7. ARM AND HAND SIGNALS. a. Method of giving signals. (1) Except when otherwise prescribed, arm and hand signals normally are given with the right arm and hand, although the left arm and hand may be used when necessary. (2) Signals must be plainly visible to those concerned with their execution. To render any arm or hand signal more visible, the headdress or handkerchief may be carried in the hand during the execution of the signal. The flash- light may. be used at night when secrecy is not essential. (3) Whenever the command for any movement consists of a preparatory command and a command of execution, both the preparatory signal and a signal of execution are used. Preparatory arm and hand signals are started from the position of the arm at the side. Signals of execution are started from the position of the arm at the vertical and fully extended, except where specifically provided otherwise. 4 (4) Single signals are preferable to combinations of signals and should be used whenever possible. When a combination of signals is used, the signals should be recog- nized easily and given in the order in which the commands are worded; for example, the signal for LINE OF TROOP coLuMNs should be the signal for tine, followed by the signal for TRoop, followed by the signal for cocumN. b. Signals for horse units. The following signals are prescribed for movement of horse units: (1) ACTION FRONT (RIGHT, LEFT, or REAR) (execution). Thrust the closed fist several times in the direction toward which it is desired to go into action. (See fig. 1.) (2) ARE YOU READY? or I AM READY (execu- tion). Extend the arm toward the leader for whom the signal is intended, hand raised, fingers extended and joined, palm toward the leader. (See fig. 1.) (3) AS FORAGERS (preparatory). Extend the arm horizontally to the front, palm down, and move it rapidly from left to right and from right to left in a horizontal plane. (See fig. 1.) (4) ASSEMBLE (preparatory). Raise the hand ver- tically upward to the full extent of the arm, palm to the front, fingers extended and joined, then with the arm remaining straight, slowly describe small circles about the head. (See fig. 1.) (5) ATTENTION (execution). Extend the arm ver- tically to the full extent of the arm, palm to the front, and move the arm and hand slowly back and forth several times, from right to left and from left to right, in a vertical plane. (See fig. 1.) (6) BRING UP THE LED HORSES (execution). Extend both arms horizontally to the sides, palms of hands up, and move the arms upward to form a circle with fingers touching. Repeat several times until the signal is understood. (See fig. 2.)VEZ % FIGHT ON FOOT ARE YOU READY ACTION RIGHT Pe, (FRONT, LEFT OR REAR) OR | AM READY | NHS CHANGE DIRECTION. } BY THE RIGHT COLUMN RIGHT CLEFT). CLEFT) FLANK COLUMN HALF RIGHT (LEFT). , RIGHT (LEFT) TURN eo a™N * * SL ASSEMBLE ATTENTION an DISREGARD Figure 1. Arm and hand signals. Figure 2. Arm and hand signals.(7) BY THE RIGHT (LEFT) FLANK (preparatory). Extend the hand to the full extent of the arm horizontally directly to the right (left). (See fig. 2.) (8) CHANGE DIRECTION (preparatory). Extend the arm horizontally, with the palm down, fully in the direction of the marching flank and then make a wide sweeping movement with the arm in a horizontal plane toward the new direction and point in that direction. (See fig. 2.) (9) COLUMN (preparatory). Raise the arm vertically, then drop the arm to the rear and describe circles in a vertical plane with the arm fully extended. When not followed by a modifying signal, such as PLATOONS, SQUADS, TWOS, or TROOPERS, column of fours is understood. (See fig. 2.) (10) COLUMN RIGHT (LEFT); COLUMN HALF RIGHT (HALF LEFT) (preparatory). Same as CHANGE DIRECTION. (See (8) above.) (11) DECREASE THE GAIT (preparatory). Raise the elbow to a position above and to the right (left) of the shoulder and extend the forearm to the left (right), hand above the head, palm to the front. Except when the leader’s example indicates otherwise, a decrease of gait of 1° is understood. (See fig. 2.) (12) DISREGARD. Place the hand against the back at the height of the waist, back of the hand toward the body. (See fig. 2.) (13) FIGHT ON FOOT (execution). Strike repeated blows straight from the shoulder with the closed fist in’ the direction in which the action is desired. (See fig. 1.) (14) FLOCK (preparatory). Extend the arm to the side horizontally, fingers extended and joined, and de- scribe small vertical circles with the arm and hand. (See fig. 3.) v WJ FORWARD, FOLLOW ME. FOURS RIGHT CLEFT) Figure 3. Arm and hand signals.(15) FOLLOW ME (execution). Same as FORWARD. (See (16) below.) (16) FORWARD (preparatory). Raise the hand ver- tically to the full extent of the arm, palm to the front, and lower the hand and arm in the direction of movement until horizontal. (See fig. 3.) (17) FOURS (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically to the full extent of the arm, all fingers extended and separated, thumb closed in the palm of the hand. (See fig. 3.) (18) FOURS LEFT ABOUT (preparatory). FOURS, followed by To THE REAR. Fours right about is not ex- ecuted by signal. (See figs. 3 and 6.) (19) FOURS RIGHT (LEFT) (preparatory). Fours, followed by By THE RIGHT (LEFT) FLANK. (See fig. 3.) (20) HALT (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically to the full extent of the arm. (Execution) Drop the arm to the side. (See fig. 3.) (21) INCREASE THE GAIT (preparatory). Carry the hand to the shoulder, then rapidly thrust the hand upward vertically to the full extent of the arm and back to the shoulder several times. Except when the leader’s example indicates otherwise, an increase in gait of 1° is understood. (See fig. 4.) (22) LINE (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically to the full extent of the arm, fingers extended and joined, and wave the arm well down alternately to the right and left several times. (See fig. 4.) (23) LINE OF PLATOON COLUMNS (preparatory). Raise the arm as in signaling pLaToons and carry the elbow several times from right to left across the body. (See fig. 4.) (24) MARCH (execution). Raise the hand vertically to the full extent of the arm, palm to the front, fingers extended and joined; make a very brief pause in this position and drop the arm smartly to the side. (See fig. 4.) 10 LINE OF PLATOON COLUMNS MASS OUT OF ACTION Figure 4. Arm and hand signals. W(25) MASS (preparatory). Extend the arm horizon- tally, palm up, fingers extended and joined and, by flexing the elbow, bring the tips of the fingers to the point of the shoulder several times. (See fig. 4.) (26) OUT OF ACTION (execution). Strike the closed fist of one hand rapidly against the open palm of the other hand several times. (See fig. 4.) (27) PLATOONS (preparatory). Raise the elbow to the height of the shoulder, fist closed, forearm vertical. (See fig. 5.) (28) PREPARE TO DISMOUNT (preparatory). Ex- tend the arm diagonally upward to the side, palm down- ward, fingers extended and joined, and wave the arm downward several times. (See fig. 5.) (29) PREPARE TO MOUNT OR PACK (prepara- tory). Extend the hand horizontally, palm up, fingers extended and joined, and wave the arm upward several times. (See fig. 5.) (30) RALLY (execution). Raise the hand vertically to the full extent of the arm, palm open, fingers extended and joined. Then describe rapidly, with the arm, large, hori- zontal circles about the head. (See fig. 5.) (31) RIGHT (LEFT) TURN; RIGHT (LEFT) HALF TURN (preparatory). Same as CHANGE DIREC- TION. (See (8) above.) (32) SQUADS (preparatory). Raise the hand, palm to the inside, fingers extended and joined, vertically to the full extent of the arm, and distinctly move the hand to the right and left several times from the wrist, holding the arm steady. (See fig. 5.) (33) SECTIONS (preparatory). Raise the hand to the full extent of the arm, fist closed. (See fig. 5.) (34) TAKE COVER (execution). Turn toward the element or group and raise the hand, palm down, in front of the elbow, forearm horizontal; thrust the hand down- ward and back to this position. (See fig. 6.) 12 PREPARE TO DISMOUNT PREPARE TO MOUNT OR PACK SQUADS SECTIONS Figure 5. Arm and hand signals. 13(35) TO THE REAR (preparatory). Turn and point to the rear, arm horizontal. (See fig. 6.) (36) TROOPERS (preparatory). Raise the hand ver- tically to the full extent of the arm, first finger extended, other fingers closed in the palm of the hand. (See fig. 6.) (37) TROOP (preparatory). Place the palm of the hand against the back of the neck, back of the hand to the rear. (See fig. 6.) (38) TWOS (preparatory). Raise the hand vertically to the full extent of the arm, first two fingers extended and separated, other fingers closed in the palm of the hand. (See fig. 6.) c. Fire control signals. See FM 22-5. d. Signals for information of hostile troops. The following signals are prescribed for transmitting informa- tion of hostile troops: (1) ENEMY IN SIGHT IN SMALL NUMBERS. Hold the rifle (or other small arm) horizontally above the head with the arms extended as if guarding the head. (See fig. 6.) (2) ENEMY IN SIGHT IN LARGE NUMBERS. Hold the weapon as described for ENEMY IN SIGHT IN SMALL NUMBERS ((1) above), and lower and raise it several times by flexing the arms at the elbow. (See fig. 6.) (3) HOSTILE AIRCRAFT. Remove headdress and extend arm upward and pointing toward approaching air- craft. (See fig. 7.) (4) HOSTILE MECHANIZED FORCES. Remove headdress and wave through a vertical arc as in the signal for LINE. (See fig. 7.) e. Those signals most commonly used in horse cavalry units are described in a to d, inclusive, above. For addi- tional details and signals used in dismounted action, see FM 22-5, 4 TO THE REAR ENEMY IN SIGHT IN LARGE NUMBERS Figure 6. Arm and hand signals.HOSTILE AIRCRAFT HOSTILE MECHANIZED UNITS Figure 7. Arm and hand signals, CHAPTER 2 DRILL SECTION I GENERAL RULES AND FUNDAMENTALS 8. GENERAL. Cavalry drills are dismounted and mounted: Dismounted drill for cavalry is as prescribed in FM 22-5 with the modifications made necessary by differences in unit designations, organization, and equip- _ ment. This chapter deals solely with mounted drill. 9. EXPLANATION OF MOVEMENTS. a. In most cases movements are explained to the right, left, front, and Tear, as appropriate. Where a movement is described in : only one direction, it is to be executed in that direction only. b. The platoon is the largest unit that has an extended _ order drill by fixed commands. For the troop, extended order movements are executed by orders of the troop commander given under real or assumed tactical situations. These movements must conform to the terrain as | it actually exists and to the tactical situation. is10. FORMATIONS. Subordinate elements may be ar- ranged with regard to one another in line, column, or echelon. Line and column formations are applicable to both close and extended order. Echelon formations are gained by specific instructions describing the formation desired. Echelon normally is used only for extended order. Units are referred to by their position as leading, center, or rear in column; and right, center, or left in line. 11. INTERVALS AND DISTANCES IN CLOSE ORDER. a. The interval between troopers is 6 inches from knee to knee. b. The distance between troopers in column is 4 feet from head to croup. 12. BASE. a. In column and echelon formations, the base element or subdivision is the one which is leading. In line formations, the base normally is the center element or subdivision, However, the commander may designate any element as the base of a line formation. b. The commander of each unit is its leader. He marches in the direction and at the gait or pace desired, followed at the prescribed distance by the base. He may go where his presence is necessary or desirable, leaving the guidance of the base to a subordinate. 13. METHODS OF ASSUMING LINE AND COLUMN FORMATIONS. a. Line. Line formations are gained from any column formation by a fan-shaped deployment. Line is formed by the successive arrival of elements abreast of the base. Except in the squad, and when specifically provided otherwise in this manual, the second element or subdivision in column moves up on the left of the base, the third element or subdivision moves up on the right of the base, and so on, alternately. When line is to be formed facing in any direction other than the 18 yy BS direction of march, and the order of fours in squads, squads in platoons, and platoons in troops is to be re- tained, the head of the column should be turned in the new direction before the deployment is ordered. Sub- ordinate elements move by the most direct route and re- main in column formation until they arrive close to their new positions. Line may be formed from column of fours or column of fours from line by wheeling by fours. b. Column. Column formations are formed from any line formation by successive movements of elements to their proper positions in rear of the base, the latter moving in the indicated direction. Except in the squad and when otherwise specifically provided, the base is followed alter- nately by the elements or subdivisions on its left and right. Subordinate elements initiate their movement by forming column and moving by the most direct routes to their new positions. 14, CHANGE OF DIRECTION. To change direction, the leader of the base element turns in the new direction on the arc of a circle followed by the base. If the unit is in line, other elements regulate on the base. If the unit is in column, elements in rear of the base change direction successively in the same manner and on the same ground as the base. a. Horse elements. The leader of the base element conducts the element at the ‘gait of march so that the Pivot moves on the arc of a circle with a radius of 2 yards at the walk, 4 yards at the trot, or 6 yards at the gallop. b. Mechanized or motorized elements in horse cavalry units. The leader of the base element conducts the element at the rate of march so that the pivot moves on the arc of a circle with a radius of 15 yards. Drivers regulate their speed to keep their vehicles on line with the guide.15. GAITS. a. In movements from the halt or when marching at the walk, if the gait is not specified in the command, the base unit takes or maintains the walk. b. Line is formed to the front from column by increas- ing the gait of the rear elements 1° without command or by indicating a gait for them. The head of the column preserves the gait of the march. When the formation must be hastened or executed in a restricted space, the commander may cause the leading element to diminish its gait or to halt according to the object in view. When an increased gait is indicated in the preparatory command or during the execution of the movement, it applies only to those elements which have not completed the movement. If a decrease in gait is ordered, it applies to the base and those elements which have completed the movement. ¢. Column is formed to the front from line, on the base element at the gait of march, or at the gait ordered. The other elements take or maintain the next slower gait or halt until they can take their places in column. d, In all other movements, if the elements have equal distances to go, they move at the gait of march or that indicated in the command. If the distances are not equal, the base element maintains the gait of march or takes that of the leader; the other elements take a correspondingly slower or faster gait, and on arriving at their places take the gait of the base element. The leader of the base ele- ment regulates its gait so as to facilitate the formation or to attain the object in view. SECTION II MANUAL OF ARMS FOR THE RIFLE, MOUNTED 16. TO STAND TO HORSE. At stAnp To HorsE, the rifle is held on the left side of the trooper in a position corresponding to ORDER ARMS. 17. TO MOUNT. In mounting, the trooper with the rifle at the left trail steps back to position opposite the horse’s left shoulder and, before taking both reins in his hand, inserts the rifle into the scabbard. 18. TO DISMOUNT. On dismounting, the trooper, after placing the bight of the reins on the horse’s neck and before stepping forward to take the position of STAND To HoRsE, takes the rifle from the scabbard, assumes the left trail, and then takes the position of stAND TO HORSE. 19. TO FIGHT OR FORM ON FOOT. In executing FIGHT ON FOOT or FORM ON FOOT, the trooper first secures his horse, then takes the rifle from the scabbard. Rapidity of going into action and opening fire is a primary con- sideration. 20. TO LEAD OUT. When the trooper leads his horse for short distances, the rifle is carried at the left trail. 21SECTION II RIFLE SQUAD, RIFLE TROOP 21, ORGANIZATION. The rifle squad normally con- sists of a corporal and seven privates. The privates in- clude a second-in-command and two scouts. 22. SQUAD LEADER. a. When the squad is acting alone, or when for any other reason it becomes desirable, the leader takes position in front of his squad and desig- nates a guide in the rank, who follows the leader at 3 yards. b. When the squad is in a platoon, the squad leader is in ranks and normally is the guide of the squad. If the execution of exceptional movements places the squad leader out of his normal position, he exercises command from his temporary position until his normal position is regained. Man mounted Man dismounted Intelligence scout mounted Intelligence scout dismounted NCO mounted (rank indicated) NCO. dismounted (rank indicated) Officer mounted (rank indicated) Officer dismounted (rank indicated) ch pdamawmono Led or pack horse Figure 8. Symbols for figures on drill diagrams. 22 23. FORMATIONS. The formations of the squad in close and extended order are— a. Line. Line is a close order formation in which all members of the squad are abreast of each other with an interval of 6 inches between knees. (See fig. 9.) b. Column of fours. Column of fours is a close order formation in which the troopers in each set of fours are arranged as in line, but one set of fours is directly in rear of the other. Normally, the corporal’s set of fours is in front. The distance between sets of fours is 4 feet from head to croup when mounted, and 92 inches between troopers when dismounted. (See fig. 10.) c. Column of twos, Column of twos is a close order formation in which Nos. 1 and 2 of each set of fours normally are in front, followed by Nos. 3 and 4. The distance between sets of twos is 4 feet from head to croup. (See fig. 10.) d. Column of troopers. Column of troopers is a close order formation in which the troopers of each four nor- mally are in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, from head to rear. The distance between troopers is 4 feet from head to croup. e. Extension in depth. Extension in depth is an ex- tended order formation in which the fours, twos, or troopers follow one another at the distance indicated in the command. #. Line of half-squad columns. [ine of half-squad columns is an extended order formation in which the sets of fours are abreast of each other with each four in column of troopers. Unless directed otherwise in the command, the interval between columns is 25 yards. g. Flock. Flock is an extended order formation in which the troopers are dispersed irregularly with intervals and distances of not less than 10 nor more than 20 yards between troopers. Those of the squad leader’s four are to his left and rear, those of the other four, to his right and rear. (See fig. 9.) aeec attest ages 2 228 Hivapgids 9g & Bobogn Babe > 2s e288 EOS ges 8a 000880080 43 214372 #£ LINE 8 Q 1 2 a 2 io. 5. Sant Q o Flock! ¢ Figure 9. Squad formations. h. Foragers. Foragers is an extended order forma- tion in which the troopers have the same relative positions as in line, with increased intervals between troopers, with individuals staggered from 5 to 10 yards apart. The interval between foragers is 5 yards unless a different interval is specified in the command, i. Squad column, Squad column is an extended order formation in column of troopers staggered from 5 to 10 yards apart. In this formation the second in command is in the rear. 24, GUIDE. In line formations, the guide habitually is center and the troopers regulate on the squad leader or other trooper designated as the guide. In column forma- tions, the guide habitually is right. In approach forma- tions, the guide is on the squad leader, 24 25. EXECUTION OF MOVEMENTS. In the squad, any formation in either close or extended order can be taken directly from any close order formation. Being in extended order, the squad must assemble or rally prior to executing movements in close order. 26. TO FORM THE SQUAD. a. To form the squad in line, the leader acts as the base of the formation and takes position where the center of the squad is to rest and, facing in the required direction, commands: LEAD INTO LINE. (1) The troopers lead out so as to approach the line successively directly from the rear and form in single rank on the leader, four troopers on his right and three on his left. The troopers form at staNp To Horse with intervals of 18 inches between horses. The line being thus formed, the leader verifies the presence of the men or calls the roll, and commands: COUNT FOURS. (2) When there is an incomplete four, the leader cautions the troopers in it as to the numbers assigned them. The four to which the leader belongs is completed first, and the other four becomes the incomplete four. If but five men all told remain in a squad, three men form a four with the leader and the fifth man acts as a four by him- self or, if the squad is in the platoon, the fifth man is assigned to the line of file closers or to another squad by his platoon commander. b. (1) The formation in column of fours, twos, or troopers is similarly executed. The leader commands: LEAD INTO COLUMN OF FOURS (COLUMN OF TWOS, COLUMN OF TROOPERS). The leader is No. 1 of the leading four or smaller element. The ele- ments of the column form in order from front to rear, with distance of 4 feet between successive fours, twos, or troopers. ‘In column of fours or twos, each four or two forms on its right trooper. 25(2) The squad may form in similar manner after the troopers mount. In this case, the leader causes the troop- ers to mount individually after saddling and commands: RIDE INTO LINE (COLUMN OF FOURS, COL- UMN OF TWOS, COLUMN OF TROOPERS). The interval between mounted troopers is 6 inches from knee to knee. 27. TO MOUNT. The commands are: 1. PREPARE TO mouNnT, 2. MOUNT. a. Being in line, at the first command the odd numbers lead out 4 yards directly to the front, then all take the position of PREPARE TO MoUNT, and at the second com- mand mount in unison. (See FM 25-5). To reform the rank, the command ForM RANK is given, at which the even numbers move up into the intervals and halt. b. Being in column of fours or twos, at the first com- mand the troopers open out fanwise from the center suffi- ciently to permit mounting without interference and all take the position of PREPARE TO MouNT. At the second command, all mount in unison and close to normal inter- vals without command. In column, if precision is not desired, the preparatory command may be omitted and the squad mounted by the command Mount. 28. TO DISMOUNT. The commands are: 1. PREPARE TO DisMouNT, 2, DISMOUNT. a. Being in line, at the first command the odd numbers tide 4 yards directly to the front and halt. All then take the position of PREPARE TO DISMOUNT, and at the second command, dismount and take the position of sTaND TO Horse, (See FM 25-5.) To reform the rank, the com- mand is: FORM RANK, at which the even numbers lead up into the intervals and halt. b. Being in column of fours or twos, at the first com- mand, the troopers open out fanwise from thé center to permit dismounting without interference, and all take the position of PREPARE TO DISMOUNT. At the second com- mand, all dismount but intervals are not closed. In col- umn, if precision is not desired, the preparatory command may be omitted and the squad dismounted by the com- mand DISMOUNT, 2 29. ALIGNMENTS. a. When marching, troopers habit- ually align themselves on the guide, giving way to pres- sure from the side of the guide and resisting pressure from the side away from the guide. They glance occasionally toward the guide and keep their horses at an even gait, making adjustments of intervals and distances gradually and smoothly. b. In coming to the halt, troopers habitually align them- selves on the guide without command and look to the front as soon as aligned. If necessary, the command DRESs may be given. ¢. In recruit instruction and for ceremonies, the line may be accurately dressed by establishing the position of two troopers on the right flank a little ahead of the line and commanding ricGHT press. Troopers then move up on the line in order from right to left at successive repeti- tions of the command Next, turning their heads and eyes to the right. When troopers have become proficient in aligning themselves, the use of the command NEXT may be omitted. When all are aligned properly, the commands 1, rEapy, 2. FRONT, are given. At the command FRONT, all troopers look to the front, resuming the posi- tion of attention, 30. TO FALL OUT OR DISMISS THE SQUAD. a. At the command FALL out, the men break ranks and remain in the immediate vicinity or proceed to perform a speci- fied duty. b. At the command pismissEp, the men are released. If under arms, the arms are inspected prior to dismissal _ of the squad. 2731. AT EASE, REST, AND ROUTE ORDER. a. At the command AT EASE, troopers are required to preserve silence and maintain their relative positions in ranks. They are permitted minor informalities of movement but, when mounted, are not permitted to slouch in their saddles. b. At the command rest, the provisions of a above apply, and, in addition, troops are allowed to talk. c. The command RouTE orpDER, given while marching, corresponds to REST at the halt. 32. BEING AT A HALT, TO MARCH TO THE FRONT. The commands are: 1. FoRWARD, 2, MARCH. The squad moves forward, conforming to the march of the guide. To trot or gallop from the halt, the appropriate word is added to the first command. To trot or gallop from the halt the commands are: 1. Tror, 2, MARCH; 1. GaLtop, 2, MARCH. Except under unusual circumstances, gaits are changed only 1° at a time. 33. TO HALT. The commands are: 1. squap, 2. HALT. All halt at the second command. The troopers, if not already aligned, align themselves without command on the guide as they halt. Movement in the rank then ceases. 34. TO MARCH BACKWARD. The commands are: 1. BACKWARD, 2. MARCH. The squad reins back until the command 1. sguap, 2. HALT, is given. This movement is executed slowly and for short distances only. 35. TO OBLIQUE BY TROOPERS. The commands are: 1, TROOPERS, RIGHT (LEFT), OBLIQUE, 2. MARCH. The troopers execute individually a half turn to the right (or left) and then march at an angle of 45° ‘to the original direction, each trooper’s right knee in rear of the left knee of the trooper on his right. The squad moves in the new direction regulating on the right trooper, the front parallel to the original front. If in column, the right troopers regulate from head to rear. Halting the mounted squad while at the oblique should be avoided. If necessary to halt the squad thus, the troopers, upon halt- ing, turn their horses to the original front. The original direction is resumed by similar means at the commands 1. FORWARD, 2. MARCH. 36. TO FOLLOW THE CORPORAL. Being assembled or deployed, to march the squad without unnecessary com- mands, the corporal or leader places himself in front of it, designates a guide, and commands: FOLLOW ME. The guide follows the leader at about 3 yards; the other men conform to the movements of the guide, maintaining their relative positions in the squad in any formation ordered by the leader. 37. BEING IN LINE, TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS. =The commands are: 1. coLuMN oF Fours, 2. MARCH. The leader’s four moves straight to the front at the gait of march or the gait ordered. The other four makes a partial wheel, decreasing the pace until the leading four has partially cleared when, by a movement approximating an oblique, it enters the column so as to follow in the trace of the leading four at 4 feet distance. 38. BEING IN LINE OR IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TO FORM COLUMN OF TWOS OR TROOPERS. The com- mands are: 1, COLUMN oF Twos (TROOPERS), 2. MARCH. a. Nos. 1 and 2 of the base four move to the front at the gait of march or the gait ordered. Nos. 3 and 4 of that four keep their horses straight at the next slower gait until their horses’ heads are passed by the croups of the horses of the right two, when they oblique to the right and follow the leading two at 4 feet distance, Nos. 1 and 2 29of the second four move to the front in the same manner in time to take place in column and follow in the trace of the preceding two. Nos. 3 and 4 of the second four move forward in time to follow the right two of that four at 4 feet distance. (See fig. 10.) b. COLUMN oF TROOPERS is formed by similar methods from line, column of fours, or column of twos, 39, BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1. Linz, 2, MARCH. The leading four marches straight to the front at the gait of march or the gait ordered, The rear four obliques to the right (or left if the squad leader be in that four) by trooper at an increased gait. When opposite its place in line, it marches to the front and on arriving abreast of the leading four takes the gait of the guide. (See fig, 10.) 40. BEING IN COLUMN OF TWOS (OR TROOPERS), TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS. = The commands are: 1. coLtuMN oF Fours, 2, MARCH. The leading two- march straight to the front at the gait of march or the gait ordered. Nos. 3 and 4 oblique to the left until un- covered and then march up at an increased gait until abreast of Nos. 1 and 2. The twos of the succeeding four march forward at the increased gait and form fours as explained for the first four, The COLUMN OF TROOPERS forms COLUMN oF Fours by similar methods, 41. BEING IN COLUMN OF TWOS (OR TROOPERS), TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1. Ling, 2. MARCH. The twos, or troopers, of the first four move up at an increased gait and form a four as prescribed for forming fours, The elements of the second four likewise move up and form a four in its proper place on the line, 42. TO WHEEL BY FOURS. The commands are: 1. FOURS RIGHT (LEFT), 2. MARCH. The fours move COLUMN OF FOURS \2.MARCH Be gh LINK IN COUPLES vod wL. LINE 1. FOURS RIGHT 2. MARCH 2, MARCH adds Fi Figure 10. Line, column of fours, column of twos, line; fours right and link in couples.simultaneously, each wheeling 90° to the right or left as ordered on a moving pivot. In each four, the trooper on the marching flank moves at the gait of march or the ordered gait and, while keeping touch toward the pivot, is the guide during the movement. The pivot trooper, conforming to the movement of the marching flank, turns his horse to the right on the arc of a circle with radius of 1 yard for all gaits except the gallop. At the gallop, this radius is 3 yards. The other troopers keep touch toward the pivot while dressing on the marching flank. Upon completion of the wheel, all fours move forward at the ordered gait, dress normally, and maintain a dis- tance of 4 feet between fours. 43. TO WHEEL ABOUT BY FOURS. The commands are: 1. FouRS RIGHT (LEFT) ABouT, 2. MARCH. Each four wheels 180°, and upon completion of the move- ment the fours move forward in the new direction dressing on the leader of the squad when in line or the guide of the four when in column. 44. BEING IN LINE, TO CHANGE DIRECTION. change direction 90°, the commands are: 1. (LEFT) TURN, 2. MARCH. a. The leader turns on the arc of a circle so that the pivot trooper will turn on the arc of a circle with a radius of 2 yards at a walk, 4 yards at a trot, or 6 yards at a gallop, and moves at a rate which will permit the marching flank to preserve the alignment. Troopers remain closed and aligned on the leader or guide if the leader is in front, increasing or diminishing their pace or gait accordingly. The leader indicates the direction to be taken on com- pletion of the turn. b. A partial change of direction is made without com- mands. The leader moves in the new direction, and the troopers remain closed and lined on the guide. On com- pleting the change, the leader indicates the new direction. To RIGHT 32 45. BEING IN COLUMN, TO CHANGE DIRECTION. The commands are: 1. coLumN RIGHT (LEFT), 2. MARCH. a. The leading element executes RIGHT (LEFT TURN) as ordered through a change of direction of 90°. The succeeding elements move forward and turn on the same ground as the leading element. b. COLUMN HALF RIGHT (LEFT) is similarly executed by a change of direction of 45°. coLUMN RIGHT (LEFT) axout is executed by a change of direction of 180°. To make a slight change of direction, INCLINE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT). ¢. Being in line, to wheel by fours into column and change direction at the same time: 1. FOURS RIGHT (teFr), 2. coLuMN RIGHT, 3. MARCH. 46. TO EXTEND THE SQUAD IN DEPTH. The com- mands are: 1. COLUMN OF FOURS (TWOS OR TROOPERS), 2. at (so MANY) yarps, 3. MARCH. The leader may indicate the point where the squad is to be reassembled. The fours (twos, troopers) move out successively in the order prescribed for a column. 47. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM LINE OR HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS. The commands are: 1. LINE OF HALF-SQUAD CoLUMNs, 2. MARCH. Each four forms column of troopers staggered from 5 to 10 yards apart. The base four moves forward at the gait of march or the gait ordered, and the other four moves by the shortest route at an increased gait to a position 25 yards to the right of the base four. 48. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM FLOCK. The commands are: 1. Frock, 2. MARCH. The leader moves forward at the gait of march or at the gait ordered. All troopers move at an increased gait and by the shortest route to their positions. (See par. 23g.) 33The leader, from a position in advance of the center of the squad, leads and controls the flock. (See fig. 9.) 49. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM AS FORAGERS. The commands are: 1. AS FORAGERS, 2. MARCH. The guide moves forward at the gait of march or the gait ordered. The remaining troopers move at an increased gait by the most direct route to their proper positions abreast of the guide. (See fig. 11.) 50. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS, IN FLOCK, OR AS FORAGERS, TO MARCH TO THE FRONT, HALT, OR CHANGE DIRECTION. The squad marches to the front, halts, changes gait, and changes direction by the same commands prescribed for the squad in line. 51. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS, IN FLOCK, OR AS FORAGERS, TO MARCH TO A FLANK. The commands are: 1. By THE RIGHT (LEFT) FLANK, 2. MARCH. Each trooper turns 90° to the right or left as ordered and marches in the new direction. 52. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS, IN FLOCK, OR AS FORAGERS, TO MARCH TO THE REAR. The commands are: 1. TROOPERS LEFT ABOUT, 2. MARCH. Each trooper executes an about to the left. To march again to the front, the same command is given. 53. BEING IN LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS, IN FLOCK, OR AS FORAGERS, TO ASSEMBLE. The commands are: 1. assemiE, 2, MARCH. The leader, faced in the desired direction, moves forward at the de- sired gait, or halts. The other troopers close in upon the leader at an increased gait and form line in their normal positions. The assembly may be made in column 34 by indicating the desired formation to the troopers as they start to assemble. 54. BEING IN ANY FORMATION OR IN DISORDER, TO RALLY. The command is: RALLY. The leader takes position at any point or moves in any desired direc- tion and at any gait that will permit the movement to be executed. The troopers ride rapidly toward the leader and form line in any order on his right and left. If the leader so desires, he places himself in front of his squad, designating a guide to follow him. The squad being rallied, promptly counts fours. 55. TO ATTACK MOUNTED. The squad normally at- tacks in line of foragers but may attack in any formation. To launch the squad in an attack, the squad leader commands: 1. AS FORAGERS (OR OTHER FORMATION), 2. PIsToL ATTACK, 3. FOLLOW ME, and rides in the desired direction. The troopers come to raise pistol and gain the desired formation at the gallop, conforming to the movements of the squad leader. See paragraph 23 for intervals. If a different interval than 5 yards is desired it is indicated by: 1. AS FORAGERS, TEN (OR OTHER) YARDS. 56. TO CHARGE. The command is: CHARGE. This command usually is given at a point about 60 yards from the objective, after the leader has been absorbed in the rank in line formations. At the command CHARGE, troopers shorten their reins, lean well forward, and ride at full speed toward the enemy. Each trooper selects a victim in his immediate front and bears down on him with his pistol extended at arm’s length, withholding fire ~ until within 25 yards. Any troopers who fall behind or whose fire is masked, take the position of RAISE PISTOL. On completion of the charge, the squad is rallied or assembled. ; 3557. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. a. If in close order, the squad normally is formed in column of fours, after which the commands are: 1. FIGHT oN Foot, 2, ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT, REAR.) (See fig. 11.) (1) At the first command, all>the troopers open out as in PREPARE TO DISMOUNT, and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 dismount and take their rifles from the scabbards; Nos. 2 and 4 pass their snaffle reins over their horses’ heads, face about, and give them to No. 3 who holds them at such length that he can best control the horses; No. 1 disengages the link snap, faces toward the rear, seizes the halter ring of No. 2’s horse with his right hand, pulls his horse’s head inward and with the left hand, back up, engages the snap in the halter ring; the reins of No. 1 and the curb bit reins of Nos. 2 and 4 are placed behind the pommel and the left stirrup is crossed over the reins in front of the pommel. In the absence of the link strap, the horses may be fastened together by passing the snaffle reins through the halter ring and tying them in a slipknot so that the horses’ heads will be about 2 feet apart. (2) At the second command, the dismounted troopers form facing to the front, in column of troopers, 1 yard to the front of their horses’ heads and 5 yards to the right (left) of the column of horses in the order shown in figure 11. b. If in extended order, each set of fours assembles on its horseholder before dismounting. ¢. In emergencies, a dismounted line of skirmishers may be formed facing in any direction, without waiting for the normal column first to be formed, by the com- mands: 1, ricHtT on Foot, 2, AS SKIRMISHERS TO THE RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT, REAR). In such case, the leader, on dismounting, runs to the position where he desires the center of the line of skirmishers to rest and in- dicates by signals and voice the exact direction the line is to face. The troopers form as skirmishers on the right 36 |. AS_FORAGERS 2. MARCH O86 cm 686 cm |. FIGHT ON FooT 2" 2. ACTION RIGHT 1. AS FORAGERS 2. MARCH Figure 11. As foragers and to fight on foot. 37and left of the leader at intervals of 5 yards unless other- wise indicated. d. One-half of the squad may be dismounted by the commands: 1. Nos. 1 anp 3 (or Nos. 2 anv 4), 2, DIS- MOUNT, 3. ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT, REAR). The numbers dismounting pass the snaffle reins to those remaining mounted. e. The led horses are disposed of in accordance with instructions, 58. TO LINK IN COUPLES. The squad being mounted in any formation, the leader commands: LINK IN COUPLES. a, All halt, if marching, and the troopers open out if in column,.or odd numbers ride forward if in line, as to dismount ; each odd-numbered trooper then turns to the left about so as to face the trooper with whom he is to couple, No. 1 with No. 2, No. 3 with No. 4. All dis- mount, place the reins behind the pommel, and the left stirrup over the reins in front of the pommel. The odd- numbered troopers lead their horses along the right side of the horses of the corresponding even-numbered troopers. Each trooper pulls the link back through the left snaffle ring. Each horse is secured by linking or by tying the snaffle reins, if there be no link strap, to the cantle ring of the saddle on the other horse. b. A noncommissioned officer or trooper out of ranks or a trooper of an incomplete two fastens his horse to either horse of the nearest couple. A trooper usually is left in charge of the horses. 59. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE. This may be ac- complished by the following methods: a. Horses may be linked in couples. b. All horses of one squad may be linked in a circle and left to the care of one horseholder. 38 ¢. One horseholder may hold the reins of all the horses of the squad. “60. BEING DISMOUNTED TO FIGHT ON FOOT, TO MOUNT. The leader assembles his squad and marches it to the vicinity of the led horses, or he has the led horses brought up to the squad. He may com- mand: STAND TO HORSE. The troopers unlink and take the position of sranp To HoRSE and the squad may then be mounted when desired. If the leader commands MOUNT, the troopers move rapidly but quietly to their horses and, without noise or excitement, unlink and mount. SECTION IV RIFLE PLATOON 61. ORGANIZATION. The rifle platoon normally con- sists of three squads and a platoon headquarters consist- ing of the platoon leader (lieutenant), platoon sergeant, file closer sergeant, two intelligence scouts who also act as messengers, and three basic privates for replacement of casualties. (See current T/O 2-17.) Since mounts _ are not provided for basic privates, they are not included in the mounted formations discussed in the succeeding _ paragraphs. _ 62, PLATOON HEADQUARTERS. a. The platoon leader normally regulates the direction and gait of march by _ leading the platoon. If for any reason it is desirable for _ him to go elsewhere, he directs a subordinate to conduct the base. b. In close order formations, the posts of the platoon leader and platoon headquarters are prescribed under each formation. 39¢. In extended order formations and when marching at route order, the platoon leader, normally accompanied by the platoon sergeant and two intelligence scouts, is 3 yards in front of the guide of the base element. Distance is measured from the rear of those accompanying the platoon leader to the leading element. The file closer sergeant is 3 yards in rear of the center or rear element. 63. FORMATIONS. The formations of the platoon in close and extended order are— a. Line. This is a close order formation in which the squads in line are abreast of each other with the same inter- val between squads as between troopers. The platoon leader normally is 3 yards in front of the guide. The platoon sergeant is 3 yards in rear of the center squad, the file closer sergeant is 3 yards in rear of the right squad, and ‘the intelligence scouts are one each 3 yards in rear of the left, and center squads, respectively. (See fig. 12.) b. Column of fours, twos, troopers. These are close order formations which correspond to the same for- mations in the squad. The squads are in column with the normal distance of 4 feet from head to croup between all elements. The platoon leader normally is 4 feet in front of the guide. The remainder of platoon headquar- ters follows the rear squad at 4 feet distance. (See fig. 12.) c. Extension in depth. This is an extended order formation in which the squads follow one another at the distance prescribed in the command. The squads may be in any prescribed formation. d. Lateral extensions. These are extended order formations in which the squads are abreast of each other with intervals of 50 yards unless otherwise ordered. The squads may be in any prescribed formation. Variations of this formation may be effected by causing the base squad to change its formation; other squad leaders change 40 S ~S a VUU) YOUU ° 2 = = N RIGHT E>. > E> (a = = D 2 doo COLUMN OF FOURS OS. 2. MARGH Figure 12. Line, column of fours, and column right. 4tion has not been previously made), and the platoon sergeant commands: REPORT. Each squad leader in turn, commencing on the right, salutes (except when at STAND TO HORSE) and reports, “(Such) squad present,” or “(So-and-so) absent.” If dismounted and armed with tifles, the squad leaders remain at the order arms while reporting. If no verification is required or if it has been made previously, the squad leaders do not report. After squads are formed and necessary adjustments made, the platoon sergeant faces about, salutes, and reports to the _ platoon leader (or first sergeant, when the platoon is formed as a part of the troop), “Sir, the platoon is pres- ent or accounted for,” or “Sir, (so-and-so) absent.” He then takes his post at the trot. platoon is reformed as soon as the horses are saddled and led out of the stables. b. The platoon sergeant, facing the position where he wishes the platoon to form, commands: FORM PLA- TOON. The squad leader of the base squad stations himself at STAND To Horse, 6 yards from the platoon sergeant and facing him, and cautions his men, “lead into line.” The other squad leaders similarly form their squads on the left and right of the base squad. All squads count fours. c. If the platoon sergeant desires the platoon to form in column, he commands: FORM PLATOON IN COL- UMN OF FOURS (TWOS, OR TROOPERS). The platoon forms column on the base squad. The other squads form in column behind the base squad. d. If the platoon sergeant desires to form the platoon in any special order, he indicates the relative order after giving his command. e. If, after dividing the platoon into squads of eight men each, there are less than four men and more than one man remaining over, they are all assigned to one squad as an additional and incomplete four. If one man remains over, he is assigned as an extra file closer. If four or more men remain over, another squad is formed | according to the principles for forming «squads, as pre- scribed in section III. f. If the permanent squad formation has been kept, but there are absentees from more than one squad thus several incomplete fours, it is better to assign the men of the incomplete fours to fill vacancies in squads so as leave not more than one incomplete four in the plato If there is but one man available for the incomplete four, he should be assigned as an extra file closer; no more t one extra file closer should be permitted. g. After the squads have formed in the platoon, squad leaders verify the presence of their men (if veril 68. BEING IN LINE, TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS, TWOS, OR TROOPERS. The platoon leader places him- self 3 yards in front of the guide of the base squad or indicates the base squad by voice and commands: 1. COLUMN OF FOURS (TWOS, TROOPERS), 2. MARCH. The base squad forms column of fours to the front and follows the platoon leader. Each of the other squads forms column of fours to the front in time to take its place in column by the shortest route, at the ordered gait of march, and without loss of distance. The order of the squads in column is as follows: Base squad, next ‘squad on the left of base squad in line, next squad on the tight of base squad in line. (See Figs. 12 and 13.) BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TWOS, OR PERS, TO FORM LINE. The commands are: 1. 2. MARCH. a. The leading squad forms line and follows the platoon ler, its guide or squad leader following in the trace of m commander at 3 yards distance. The second squad is conducted by its leader at an 45 a4increased gait to the left front. It continues in its orig- inal formation until its leading element is about 3 yards in rear of the correct place in the platoon line, when it forms line to the front, the leading element reducing the gait gradually so as to avoid blocking the movements of the element next in rear and so as to have the gait of the base squad when it arrives abreast thereof. The rear elements continue at the increased gait until opposite their place in line when they gradually reduce the gait as ex- plained for the leading element; the squad then conforms to the gait of the guide of the platoon, and all troopers maintain their alignment upon him. ¢. The third squad similarly is conducted to take its place on the line to the right of the leading squad. (See Fig. 12.) 70. TO EXTEND THE PLATOON IN DEPTH. Exten- sion in depth is effected by the commands: 1. covtuMN OF SQUADS (FOURS, TWOS, OR TROOPERS), 2. AT (SO MANY) yarps, 3. MARCH. The base element moves out first, followed by the others in their proper order. If the platoon leader desires the elements to march in a particu- lar formation, he indicates his wishes after giving the first commands; for example, 1. coLUMN oF SQUADS IN LINE (AS FORAGERS), 2. AT (SO MANY) YARDS, 3. MARCH. 71, BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO EXTEND THE PLATOON LATERALLY. The commands are: 1. Line OF SQUADS, AT (SO MANY) YARDS, 2, MARCH. The base squad follows the platoon leader. The other squads are conducted to their positions abreast of the base. The squads habitually take the formation of and regulate on the base squad, but the squad leaders may change the formation of their squads to suit the ground in accordance with their own judgment, Troopers regulate on their own squad leaders. 46 72. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO DISPERSE BY SQUADS. The command is: DISPERSE BY SQUADS. The squads are led in different directions at rapid gaits until they are at least 50 yards apart, whereupon all halt, and squad leaders direct appropriate dispositions according to the object in view, 73, TO SEND SCOUTS OUT. The platoon leader in- dicates the direction or first objective and commands: SCOUTS OUT. The scouts move out in the direction indicated at an increased gait. 74. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM AS FORAGERS. The commands are: 1. as FORAGERS, 2. MARCH. The base squad follows the platoon leader, and the squad leader deploys it as soon as there is suffi- cient room. The leaders of the other squads conduct them at an increased gait to left and right front to gain _ the interval necessary to permit their deployment. Upon arriving opposite their positions in the line of foragers, _ and after changing direction so as to march to the front, the squads are deployed at the discretion of the squad _ leaders and move up abreast of the base squad. Troopers _ regulate their march on their own squad leaders, The leaders of squads other than the base regulate on the base squad. _ 75. TO MARCH TO THE REAR. a. If the platoon is in line, it executes a turn of 180° to the left. b. If the platoon is in column of fours, twos, or troop- ers, it executes COLUMN LEFT ABOUT. ¢. If the platoon is in a line of columns, the platoon leader causes each column to execute COLUMN LEFT ABOUT, or if as foragers to execute TROOPERS LEFT ABOUT. 4776. TO CHANGE FORMATION QUICKLY OR TO BRING ORDER OUT OF CONFUSION. The platoon leader rides in the desired direction and commands: 1. (sucH) FrorMATIoN, 2. FOLLOW ME. If the squads are not in the desired formation, each squad leader com- mands. 1. (sucH) sguap, (sucH) Formation, 2. FOL- LOW ME. The squad leaders move toward the platoon leader ; the squads form rapidly on their squad leaders dur- ing the movement. The squad first arriving near the platoon leader becomes the base of the new formation. 77. BEING IN ANY FORMATION OR IN DISORDER, TO RALLY. a. The platoon leader commands: RALLY, and moves slowly forward. b. If in disorder, all troopers ride at a rapid gait toward the platoon leader and form behind him in line in any order. c. If in a formation in which the troopers already are grouped in squads, they rally while remaining in such groups, even though the individual troopers may form in any relative order in their squads. d. The platoon having rallied, the platoon leader, at the first suitable opportunity, causes fours to be counted or the platoons to be assembled in normal order, 78, TO CHARGE. In the platoon, charges are executed by the same commands and methods as prescribed for the squad, except that the squad leaders are in the rank and, at the command cHarcg, the leader of the base squad moves up on the left of the platoon leader. The platoon leader and intelligence scouts are absorbed in the rank, 79. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. The commands are: 1. FIGHT ON Foot, 2. ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT, REAR). 48 es ete nnndanoaddaanddanaaAnnas ees Figure 13. Column of twos from line.a. The platoon leader turns over his horse to the file closer sergeant, announces the disposition or formation | desired, and directs the disposition of the led horses. b. Each squad executes FIGHT ON FOOT as prescribed for the squad. The squad leaders dispose their squads as indicated by the platoon leader. ¢. Individuals out of ranks secure their horses to a nearby four, preferably an incomplete set. The intelli- gence scouts join the platoon leader and the platoon ser- geant directs the squad leaders to their positions. The file closer sergeant takes charge of the led horses. (See fig. 14.) 80. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE.° This may be ac- complished by linking in couples, linking in a circle by squad or platoon, or having a horseholder in each squad hold the horses of his squad. In any case, the file closer sergeant or a designated trooper is left in charge. 81. TO MOUNT THE PLATOON. The platoon may be mounted by having the led horses brought forward, moving the dismounted men toward the horses, or both. To have the led horses brought forward, the platoon leader signals or sends word. The led horses are brought forward to the vicinity of their squads. The platoon leader then gives the command: STAND TO HORSE: 1. PREPARE TO MoUNT, 2. MOUNT; or MOUNT. 82. TO DISMISS THE PLATOON. The platoon is dis- missed by the platoon sergeant on instructions from the platoon leader in the same general manner as prescribed for the squad. = ° ° z z2 6 bE = 2 we a AS SKIRMISHERS 2. ACTION RIGHT FIGHT ON FOOT Figure 14. To fight on foot and form as skirmishers. 51SECTION V LIGHT MACHINE-GUN SQUAD, RIFLE TROOP 83, ORGANIZATION. The light machine-gun (LMG) squad consists of seven privates and a corporal who is the squad leader. It is organized into two gun crews, each consisting of a gunner, assistant gunner, and a pack horse driver. The pack horse driver leads the gun pack horse, carrying the gun and tripod, spare-parts chest, and am- munition, In addition, one pack horse driver leads a squad ammunition pack horse. 84, INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION, MOUNTED. a. Horsemanship. Before beginning mounted in- struction in the machine-gun squad, all machine gunners are trained in horsemanship. b. Packs and harness. Preliminary instruction in the care and handling of harness, equipment, and loads may be pursued concurrently with instruction in horsemanship. (See FM 25-5.) ¢. Driving. This instruction is given first without harness and includes— (1) GAITS. Driving the pack horses at the walk, trot, and gallop, in turns and abouts; increasing and decreasing the gait; halts and movements to the front from the halt. The animals are formed and maneuvered in pairs. Nor- mally, each driver’s horse is on the left side, each pack horse on the right side of the pair. The instruction also should include driving with the pack horse on the left. (2) AIDS. Pack horses are trained to keep abreast of the drivers’ horses. The former are managed by the reins and the voice. 52 act when obedience to it has been obtained. (a) Reins. The reins of the pack horse are used for gathering him, for checking his gait, for halting him, and for reining him back. They normally are carried in the right hand, without passing over the animal’s neck, and so held as to maintain gentle contact with his mouth. The bight or loop of the reins is held in the other hand or secured on the wrist. The driver's horse and the pack horse should be gathered before moving from a halt, before halting, and before changing gait or direction; the riding horse as explained in instruction in horsemanship, the pack horse by a slight pressure of the bit. The riding horse then is required to move in the desired manner or to halt, while the pack horse is made to conform to the “movement. The pack horse must neither crowd the riding horse nor travel too far from him, (b) Voice. The voice is an aid of great value to the pack horse driver. Like all other aids, it must cease to It must be reserved for occasions when it is needed to produce a definite effect. (3) MOVEMENTS. Pack horse drivers are required to move their pairs forward, to the flank, to the oblique, and to the about; to execute the changes in gait and to halt; to align themselves; to pass from line to column or from column to line; to rein back; to execute circles; to pass quickly from the halt to the gallop and from the gallop to _the halt. The next step is to form the pack horse drivers in columns of pairs and to teach them the commands and movements they are to obey and execute when the pairs _are maneuvered as a squad. In this instruction, the pack horse drivers frequently are changed about so as to man- age leading, rear, and interior pairs. (4) ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTION. Instruction with- out harness is followed by the same exercises with the pack horses harnessed, and with them harnessed and packed. 5385. FORMATIONS. ‘he formations of the light ma- chine-gun squad are— Z a. Column of fours. This is a close-order formation in which the ammunition pack horse driver is on the right of the squad leader. Nos. 1 and 2 form in column in that order in rear of the squad leader at 4 feet distance. The pack horse driver of each gun crew is on the right of the gunner and the assistant gunner on the left, with intervals of 6 inches. (See fig. 15.) b. Column of twos (troopers). These are close- order formations, In column of twos, the squad is in rear of the squad leader in the order: ammunition pack, gun crew No. 1, gun crew No. 2. In each crew, the gun pack is in front, followed by the gunner and assistant gun- ner, the latter on the left. In column of troopers, the formation is the same except that the assistant gunners are in rear of the gunners. ¢. Line of half-squad columns. This is an extended order formation in which the ammunition pack horse driver is 5 to 10 yards in rear of the squad leader. Each gun crew is in column of troopers in the order: gunner, pack horse driver, assistant gunner, staggered from 5 to 10 yards apart ; No. 1 being 10 yards to the left and No. 2 10 yards to the right of the ammunition pack horse driver unless a different interval is indicated in the command. (See fig. 15.) d. Extension in depth. This is an extended order formation in which the elements, half squads, twos, or troopers, are in rear of each other at the distance specified in the command. e. Flock. This is an extended order formation in which gun crew No. 1 is to the left and rear and gun crew No. 2 to the right and rear of the squad leader, with the driver of the ammunition pack horse in rear of the cor- poral, with intervals and distances of 10 to 20 yards be- tween all troopers. (See fig. 15.) 54 rt. Foragers. This is an extended order formation in which gun crew No. 1 is on the left of the squad leader and gun crew No. 2 on the right of the squad leader, the gunner of each crew being on the right of his crew. Pack horse drivers and pack horses follow about 10 yards in rear of their crews, the driver of the ammunition pack horse in the center. 86. TO SADDLE, HARNESS, AND PACK. a. The squad leader commands: SADDLE and, if necessary, indicates the disposition of the riding horses while the pack horses are being harnessed and packed. The troopers saddle and bridle their own riding horses. b. If pack horses are to be harnessed, the squad leader commands: HARNESS. At this command, the mem- bers of the squad, working in pairs, harness the pack horses. ¢€. If loads are to be carried, the squad leader com- mands: PACK. At this command, the pack horse drivers, assisted by the other members of the squad, and again working in pairs, place and secure the loads on the pack horses. d. When the loads are secured, the troopers obtain their riding horses and each pack horse driver his pack horse. e. When desired, the commands sapDLE, HARNESS, and PACK can be given as one command. 87. TO UNSADDLE, UNHARNESS, AND UNPACK, The commands are: UNPACK, UNHARNESS, and _UNSADDLE. They may be given separately or in con- junction as desired. In the execution of these commands, the troopers reverse the procedure prescribed in para- graph 86. 5588. TO FORM THE LIGHT MACHINE-GUN SQUAD. a. The squad normally is formed in column of fours, The squad leader takes position where the head of the column is to rest and, facing in the required direction, commands: LEAD INTO COLUMN OF FOURS (COLUMN OF TWOS, COLUMN OF TROOPERS). The elements of the column form in order from front to rear, with dis- tances of 4 feet between successive fours (twos, or troop- ers). No. 7, with pack horse No. 3, takes position to the right of the squad leader (in rear of the squad leader in column of twos or troopers). No. 5, dismounted, leading on his right pack animal No. 1, takes his place 4 feet from and facing No. 7. No. 6 takes his place 4 feet in rear of No. 5 facing No. 5. Nos. 1 and 3 lead into line abreast of No. 5. Nos. 2 and 4 lead into line abreast of No. 6. (See fig. 15.) The troopers form stand To HoRsE, with in- tervals of 18 inches between riding horses, Nos. 1 to 4, inclusive, on the left of their riding horses, Nos. 5 to 7, inclusive, between their riding horses and pack animals. The squad being formed, the leader verifies the presence of the troopers or calls the roll. b. Whenever it is desired to form dismounted for gun drill, the squad leader commands: 1. FORM FOR GUN DRILL, 2. FALL IN. At this command, the squad leader takes his place in front of and facing the squad, A A fe-s }0 Yos----i0 . byBe- es 4 4 P-2 =I Pp. 8 t) ; “2 (0) “LINE OF HALF sqUAaD COLUMNS a COLUMN. OF TWOS A aries ano 4 B060 ger tee AQetr2 9 Ate Q COLUMN OF FOURS FLOCK INTERVALS & DISTANCES OF 10-20 YDS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS LEGEND and the men form in close line, Nos. 1 to 7, inclusive, in -. 4 that order, from right to left. . |. GUNNER NO.6. DRIVER, PK H ‘2 F 2. GUNNER 7. DRIVER, PK H +3 89. RIFLE SQUAD MOVEMENTS APPLICABLE. The light machine-gun squad executes the following move- ments by the same commands and by corresponding meth- ods employed in the rifle squad: Mounts, dismounts, rests, and is dismissed. Moves forward, obliques, changes gaits, and halts. Wheels by fours (exceptional) and changes direc- tion. Is extended in depth. 3. ASST GUNNER P-I, PK H_NO 1. GUN 4. ASST GUNNER P-2. PK H NO 2. GUN 5. DRIVER, PK H tf P-3, PK H_NO 3, AM Figure 15, “Squad formations. 5690. BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TO FORM COLUMN OF TWOS OR TROOPERS. The commands are: 1. COLUMN oF TWos (TROopERS), 2. MARCH. The movement is executed as in the rifle squad except that at the preparatory command the squad leader places himself in front of the driver of the ammunition pack horse. Column of troopers is formed by similar methods. 91. BEING IN COLUMN OF TWOS OR TROOPERS, TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS. The commands are: 1. cotuMN or Fours, 2. MARCH. The movement is ex- ecuted as in the rifle squad except that at the command: of execution the driver of the ammunition pack horse’ moves up on the right of the squad leader. Column of twos from column of troopers is formed by similar methods. 92. BEING IN ANY FORMATION, TO FORM LINE OF HALF-SQUAD COLUMNS. The commands are: 1. LINE OF HALF-SQUAD coLuMNS. 2. MARCH. The squad leader, followed by the driver of the ammunition pack’ horse, moves straight to the front at the gait of march or the gait ordered. The gunner of each crew places himself in front of his pack horse driver and leads his crew at an increased gait to its position abreast of and 10 yards from the driver of the ammunition pack horse with the first half squad on the left, second on the right. (See fig. 15.) 93. TO FIGHT ON FOOT. The commands are: 1. FIGHT oN Foot, 2, ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT, REAR). a. At the first command, if not assembled by fours, each gun crew assembles as a four on its pack horse driver and all dismount except the drivers. The squad leader places his curb rein in rear of the pommel, crosses the left stirrup in front of the pommel, and passes his snaffle reins to the ammunition pack horse driver. Each gunner turns his horse over to his pack horse driver in a similar man- ner. Each assistant gunner, after placing both reins in rear of the pommel and crossing the left stirrup in front of the pommel, secures his horse to the halter ring of the gunner’s horse by the link strap. Each gunner unpacks the tripod and one chest of ammunition, Each assistant gunner unpacks the gun and one chest of ammunition. b. At the second command, each crew runs to a position 1 yard in front of its horses’ heads and 5 yards to the flank indicated in the order, and forms column of troopers. The squad leader indicates the disposition of the led horses and assembles his squad in a suitable formation or indi- cates the employment of the guns. ¢. In emergencies, the commands may be combined and given as one command. In this case, the squad leader on dismounting runs to the position where the squad is to assemble and indicates by signal and voice the employment of the guns. The gun crews move rapidly to the positions indicated by the squad leader. 94. TO LINK IN COUPLES. Being in any formation, the command is: LINK IN COUPLES. All halt and dismount. The gunner and assistant gunner of each crew link their horses as prescribed for the rifle squad and re- move the load from their pack horse. Each pack horse driver links his riding horse to his pack horse with their right sides adjacent. The squad leader and the driver of the ammunition pack horse link horses, and the ammuni- tion pack horse is linked to the horse of the ammunition pack driver. 95. TO LEAVE HORSES IMMOBILE. This may be ac- complished by linking in couples, linking in a circle, or turning all the horses over to a designated trooper. Nor- mally, the driver of the ammunition pack horse remains with the led horses. 59