EARTHWORKS

ITEM 100 - CLEARING & GRUBBING

-consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and
disposing all vegetation and debris as designated in the Contract,
except those objects that are designated to remain in place or are to
be removed in consonance with other provisions of this Specification.
-include the preservation from injury or defacement
of all objects designated to remain.

* ASPHALTUM BASE PAINT - paint required for cut or

scarred surface of trees or shrubs selected for retention (tree surgery)

* Trees Diameter at height of 1.4 m

Small - Over 150 mm to 900 mm
Large - Over 900 mm

ITEM 101 - REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES & OBSTRUCTIONS

-consist of the removal wholly or in part, and
satisfactory disposal of all buildings, fences, structures, old pavements,
abandoned pipe lines, and any other obstructions which are not
designated or permitted to remain, except for the obstructions to be
removed and disposed off under other items in the Contract.
-also include the salvaging of designated materials, and backfilling the
resulting trenches, holes and pits

* All concrete pavement, base course, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, etc.,

designated for removal, shall be broken into pieces (300mm max.) & used for riprap

ITEM 102 - EXCAVATION

-consist of roadway drainage and borrow excavation, and the disposal of material

A. ROADWAY EXCAVATON CLASSIFICATION (URCM)

A.1 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION - consist

of the excavation and disposal of all materials regardless of its
nature, not classified and included in the Bill of Quantities
under other pay items.

A.2 ROCK EXCAVATION - consist of excavation

of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks which cannot
be excavated without blasting or the use of rippers, and all
boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of 1 cubic meter or more

A.3 COMMON EXCAVATION - consist of

all excavation not included in the Bill of Quantities under "rock
excavation" or other pay items.
A.4 MUCK EXCAVATION - removal and disposal of deposits of saturated or unsaturated
mixtures of soils and organic matter not suitable for foundation
materials regardless of moisture content.

B. BORROW EXCAVATION

B. 1 BORROW CASE 1 - consist of material obtained from sources

designated on the Plans or in the Special Provisions.

B.2 BORROW CASE 2 - consist of material obtained from sources

provided by the Contractor

ITEM 103 - STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

-consist of the necessary excavation for foundation
of bridges, culverts, underdrains, and other structures not otherwise
provided for in the Specifications.

ITEM 104 - EMBANKMENT

1. SUITABLE MATERIAL
a. 75mm (3") sieve - 100% passing
b. No. 200 sieve (0.075mm) - 15% max.
c. Plasticity Index - 6 max.
d. Liquid Limit - 30 max.

2. UNSUITABLE MATERIAL
a. Organic Materials - such as grass, roots, & sewerage
b. Organic Soils - peat & muck
c. Plasticity Index - exceeding 55
d. Liquid Limit - exceeding 80
e. Natural Water Content - exceeding 100%
f. Soils with very low natural density - 800 kg/m³ or lower
g. Soils that cannot be properly compacted as determined by the Engineer

* MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY FOR EMBANKMENT - 95% minimum

* MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY FOR COMPACTED BERM - 90% minimum
ITEM 105 - SUBGRADE PREPARATION
-consist of the preparation of the subgrade for the
support of overlying structural layers

* ALLOWABLE LEVEL OF TOLERANCES

Permitted variation from:
a. LEVEL OF SURFACE + 20 mm
b. SURFACE IRREGULARITY - 30 mm
c. MEASURED BY 3-m STRAIGHT EDGE 30 mm 30 mm
d. CROSSFALL OR CAMBER ± 0.5%
e. LONGITUDINAL GRADE over 25m length ± 0.1%

* SUBGRADE ON EXISTING PAVEMENT - broken into pieces 500mm max.

ITEM 106 - COMPACTION EQUIPMENT & DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS

-this procedure will be used to determine density
requirements of selected embankments, subgrade, bases, and bituminous concrete.

A. COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
Minimum requirements for rollers are as follows:

1. Sheepsfoot, tamping or grid rollers - capable of exerting

a force of 45 Newton/mm of length of roller drum

2. Steel-wheel rollers - capable of exerting a force of not less than 45 Newton/mm of

width of the compression roll or rolls.

3. Vibratory steel-wheel rollers - have a mass of 6 tonnes min.

4. Pneumatic-tire rollers - capable of exerting a ground pressure of at least 550 kpa

B. CONSTRUCTION OF CONTROL STRIPS TO DETERMINE TARGET DENSITY

Area - approximately 335 m²

Mean density of control strip (target density) - determined by averaging the results of ten in-place density tests
taken at randomly selected sites within the control strip

* If the mean density of the control strip is less than 98 percent of the
density of laboratory compacted specimens as determined by testing
procedures appropriate for the material being placed, the Engineer may
order the construction of another control strip.

* A new control strip may also be ordered by the Engineer or

requested by the Contractor when:
1. A change in the material or job-mix formula, is made.
2. Ten days of production have been accepted without
construction of a new control strip.
3. There is reason to believe that a control strip density is not
representative of the material being placed.
ITEM 107 - OVERHAUL
-consist of authorized hauling in excess of the freehaul distance
-overhauled materials (m³) x overhaul distance (km.) (m³-km)

* Free-haul distance - specified distance that

excavated material shall be hauled without additional compensation.
- shall be 600 meters
SUBBASE & BASE COURSE
ITEM 200 - AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE
-consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an
aggregate subbase course on a prepared subgrade

-consist of hard, durable particles or

fragments of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed or natural gravel
and filler of natural or crushed sand or other finely divided mineral
matter.

* Maximum Dry Density - 100% minimum (AASHTO T 180 METHOD D)

ITEM 201 - AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

-consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an
aggregate base course on a prepared subgrade/subbase

* Maximum Dry Density - 100% minimum (AASHTO T 180 METHOD D)

* Filler - 15% max. retained on No. 4 sieve

ITEM 202 - CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

-consist of furnishing, placing and compacting crushed gravel, crushed stone or
crushed rock on a prepared subgrade/subbase in one or more layers

* Fractured Face - 50% min.

* Filler - 15% max. retained on No. 4 sieve

ITEM 203 - LIME STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

-consist of a foundation for surface course composed
of soil aggregate, lime and water in proper proportions, road-mixed and
constructed on a prepared subgrade/subbase

* Lime - 3 to 12% of dry soil-aggregate

* Slurry Ratio - 1 tonne lime to 2 m³ water

* Unconfined Compression Test for Finer Textured Soils - the 7-day

compressive strength of 2.1 Mpa min.

* Curing period - 5 days

ITEM 204 - PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

-consist of a foundation for surface course composed of soil-aggregate, Portland Cement and water in proper
proportions, road-mixed and constructed on a prepared subgrade/subbase

* Cement - 6 to 10% of dry soil-aggregate

ITEM 205 - ASPHALT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE
-consist of a foundation for surface course
composed of soil-aggregate and asphaltic material in proper
proportions, road mixed and constructed on a prepared
subgrade/subbase

* Soil Aggregate - Gradation A & B shall be used

* Asphaltic Material - Emulsified Asphalt (Anionic or Cationic) slow setting type

- 4 to 7% of dry soil-aggregate

ITEM 206 - CHEMICALLY STABILIZED ROAD MIX SUBBASE/ BASE COURSE

-consist of application of polymer-based chemical soil additive to improve the strength and other properties of
ordinary soil for use as sub-base/surfacing materials in roads

* Where soil-aggregate required is already in place, the Contractor shall not be responsible for its grading or
quality except for removal of oversized materials as directed by the Engineer

* Polymer-based chemical soil additive

- non hazardous, environmentally safe, & easy to use
- less than 2% by weight of soil
-- spread
shall beby a grader
applied on in
theapproximately
sub-base/basetwo (2)- equal
(150 200mm layers.
depth)Each layer
after shallexposed
it was have a dilution rate (curing
for 24 hours of 1:5 toperiod)
1:9 or one
part polymer-Based Chemical Soil Additive and 5 to 9 parts of water.

*Strength of Mixture - the unsoaked CBR value of treated soil material with Polymer based chemical soil additive
shall be greater than the unsoaked CBR value of untreated same soil material

* Trial sections of the stabilized sub-base/base shall be constructed by the contractor at least 2 weeks before actual
sub-base/base construction.

ITEM 207 - PORTLAND CEMENT TREATED PLANT MIX BASE COURSE

-consist of a foundation for surface course composed of aggregate, Portland Cement and water in proper
proportions, mixed by a travel plant or in a central plant, spread and compacted on a prepared subgrade/subbase

A. Travel Plant Method

B. Central Plant Method

* The compaction and finishing shall be completed within 2 hours of the time water is added to the mixture.

* Not more than 60 minutes shall elapse between the start of mixing and the time of starting compaction of the
spread mixture

* The completed cement treated base shall be cured with a bituminous curing seal applied as soon as possible after
the completion of final rolling. The rate of application shall be between 0.5 L/m2
to 1.00 L/m2 of surface & shall be maintained at least 5 days unless the
treated base is protected by a subsequent course.

ITEM 208 - AGGREGATE STOCKPILE

-consist of furnishing and placing aggregate in stockpiles at locations shown on the Plans or as directed and
approved by the Engineer.

* The entire stockpile area shall be compacted with a minimum of three completed passes of the approved
equipment.
SURFACE COURSE
ITEM 300 - AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE
-consist of a wearing or top course composed of
gravel or crushed aggregate and binder material,

ITEM 301 - BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT

-consist of preparing and treating an aggregate base
course with material in accordance with the Plans and Specifications,
preparatory to the construction of a bituminous surface course

*-shall
Bituminous Material
be sprayed - Cut-back
by means Asphaltdistributor
of a pressure (Rapid Curing/ Medium
of 1000 liters Curing)
minimum capacity

* Prime coat
-shall be applied only to surfaces which are dry or slightly moist. No prime coat shall be applied when the
weather is foggy or rainy.
-shall be left undisturbed for a period of at least 24 hours or until such time that it has sufficiently cured

* Temperature of liquid bituminous material in the tank - 180°C (less than 2°C/hour required drop temperature
when not heated)

* The rate of application of the bituminous material shall be within the range of 1 to 2 liters/m²

* Excess application of bituminous material shall be blotted with sand or removed

ITEM 302 -BITUMINOUS TACK COAT

-consist of preparing and treating an existing
bituminous or cement concrete surface with bituminous material in
accordance with the Plans and Specifications, preparatory to the
construction of a bituminous surface course.

* Bituminous Material - Cut-back Asphalt (Rapid Curing)/ Emulsified Asphalt

* The rate of application of the bituminous material shall be within the range of 0.2 - 0.7 liters/m²

ITEM 303 - BITUMINOUS SEAL COAT

-consist of an application of bituminous material with
or without an application of aggregate on an existing bituminous surface
course

* Bituminous Material - Asphalt Cement, Penetration Grade 85-

100, Rapid Curing Cut-back Asphalt

* Cover Aggregate
-Cover Aggregate for Type 2 seal coat (Sand & Fine Screenings)
-Cover Aggregate for Type 3 seal coat (Crushed Stone, Crushed Slag, or Crushed Gravel)
-When crushed slag is used, it shall have a density of 960 kg/m3 min. (ASASHTO T19)

* In no event shall seal coat be placed on newly constructed or reconditioned surfaces in less than ten (10) days
after such surface is laid and opened to traffic, unless ordered in writing by the Engineer.

* Cleaning of surface - by means of rotary power broom or power blower

* The rate of application of the bituminous material shall be within the range of 0.9 to 1.8 liters/m² for Asphalt
Cement and 1.5 to 3 liters/m² for Cut-back Asphalt

* Rate of application of cover aggregate - 0.004 to 0.007 m³/m²

* Power roller - weighing 5 to 6 tonnes

ITEM 304 - BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

-consist of either a single application of bituminous
material followed by a single spreading of aggregate (single surface treatment)
or two applications of bituminous material each followed by a
spreading of aggregate (double surface treatment)

* Bituminous Material - Asphalt Cement 120 -150

- Cut-back Asphalt (Medium Curing 250-800)
- Emulsified Asphalt, CRS-1 (Cationic Rapid Setting), CRS-2 (Cationic Rapid Setting), RS-
1 (Rapid Setting), RS-2 (Rapid Setting)

* The required asphaltic material shall be applied to the surface at

least twenty four (24) hours after it has been prime coated, or until the
prime coat has sufficiently cured as determined by the Engineer.

* Asphaltic material shall be applied on a

dry surface whenever cut-back or asphalt cement is used; moist surface
when emulsified asphalt is used.

* Spraying shall not be done unless the road temperature has been
above 20 °C for at least one hour prior to the commencement of spraying
operations, and the temperature shall not be less than 20 °C during the
spraying.

* The application temperature for asphalt cement shall be within the

range that produces a viscosity of 10 to 60 second Saybolt Furol

* No portion of the sprayed surface shall remain uncovered for a

period in excess of 2 minutes

* Traffic shall be prohibited from traveling at speeds

in excess of 40 km/h until the asphaltic material has set
ITEM 304A - SLURRY SYSTEM FOR ROAD SURFACE TREATMENT
-consist of either a blend of Cold Seal Bitumen
(CSB), aggregate, water and additives (Slurry Surface Treatment- SST)
applied over a prime coated base, or a slurry seal or micro-surfacing on a
bituminous concrete surface or on a concrete paved surface (PCCP) in
 EARTHWORKS
RETAINED NO.
PASSED NO. 40 SIEVE
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION 10 SIEVE
AASHTO T89 AASHTO T90 AASHTO T96 AASHTO T193 AASHTO T180
LL PI AL CBR MDD
ITEM 104 EMBANKMENT 30% max. 6% max. 95% min.

SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE

LL PI AL CBR MDD
ITEM 200 AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE 35% max. 12% max. 50% max. 30% min. 100% min.
ITEM 201 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE 25% max. 6% max. 50% max. 80% min.
ITEM 202 CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE 25% max. 6% max. 45% max. 80% min.
ITEM 203 LIME STABILIZED ROD MIX BASE COURSE 4% - 10% 50% max. 100% min.

SURFACE COURSES
LL PI AL CBR
ITEM 300 AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE 35% max. 4% - 9% 45% max. 80% min.
ITEM 301 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT
ITEM 302 BITUMINOUS TACK COAT
ITEM 303 BITUMINOUS SEAL COAT
ITEM 304 BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
ITEM 304A SLURRY SYSTEM FOR ROAD SURFACE TREATMENT
40% max.
ITEM 305 BITUMINOUS PENETRATION MACADAM PAVEMENT
ITEM 309 BITUMINOUS PLANT-MIX (STOCKPILE MAINTENANCE MIXTURE)
ITEM 311 PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
 ITEM NO. ITEM 301 ITEM 302 ITEM 303
DESCRIPTION BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT BITUMINOUS TACK COAT BITUMINOUS SEAL COAT
CUT-BACK ASPHALT CUT-BACK ASPHALT CUT-BACK ASPHALT
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL EMULSIFIED ASPHALT ASPHALT CEMENT
RAPID CURING MEDIUM CURING RAPID CURING RAPID CURING

RATE OF APPLICATION OF
1 to 2 liters/ m² 0.2 to 0.7 liters/ m² 1.5 to 3 liters/ m² 0.9 to 1.8 liters/ m²
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL

RATE OF APPLICATION OF
0.004 to 0.007 m³/m²
COVER AGGREGATE

ITEM NO. ITEM 304

BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
DESCRIPTION
SINGLE SURFACE TREATMENT DOUBLE SURFACE TREATMENT SINGLE SURFACE TREATMENT DOUBLE SURFACE TREATMENT
CUT-BACK ASPHALT CUT-BACK ASPHALT
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL ASPHALT CEMENT ASPHALT CEMENT EMULSIFIED ASPHALT EMULSIFIED ASPHALT
MEDIUM CURING MEDIUM CURING

1st: 1.8 to 2.3 liters/ m² 1st: 1.6 to 2 liters/ m² 1st: 1.4 to 2 liters/ m²
RATE OF APPLICATION OF
0.9 to 1.5 liters/ m² 0.7 to 1.1 liters/ m² 0.9 to 1.6 liters/ m²
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL
2nd: 2.8 to 3.5 liters/ m² 2nd: 2.3 to 2.7 liters/ m² 2nd: 2.1 to 3 liters/ m²

1st: GRADING A: 22 to 27 kg/m³ 1st: GRADING A: 14 to 19 kg/m³

SPREAD AGGREGATE GRADING B: 11 - 14 kg/m² GRADING B: 11 - 14 kg/m²
2nd: GRADING C: 11 to 14 kg/m² 2nd: GRADING C: 5 to 8 kg/m²
ITEM 607(3) - INTERNALLY ILLUMINATED (SOLAR) PAVEMENT LEVELLED MARKERS/
STUDS FLUSH TYPE

A. UNIDIRECTIONAL - minimum of one (1) LED on one (1) tapering side

B. BIDIRECTIONAL - minimum of two (2) LEOson one (1) tapering side
C. OMNIDIRECTIONAL - minimum of three (3) LEOSon one
tapering side and a minimum of two (2) on two (2) opposite tapering sides

NOTE: Traffic shall be kept off the newly installed markers/studs for a period of at least 2 hours or until such time
that the adhesive has sufficiently cured as determined by the Engineer
 DO 13 SERIES OF 1987 - SAMPLING
DO 135 SERIES OF 1993 - TESTING & ACCEPTANCE OF MATERIALS
DO 203 SERIES OF 2003 - UTILIZING FIRST THE USE OF BRS, RO, AND DEO
DO 253 SERIES OF 2003 - ACCREDITATION OF ASPHALT & CONCRETE BATCHING PLANTS
DO 213 SERIES OF 2004 - TESTING PRIOR TO INCORPORATION
DO 69 SERIES OF 2015 - REVISED SCHEDULE OF FEES AND CHARGES FOR
LABORATORY TESTING OF CONTRUCTION MATERIALS
DO 11 SERIES OF 2017 - MINIMUM TESTING EQUIPMENT IN THE BID
DO 22 SERIES OF 2018 - ACCREDITATION OF PRIVATE TESTING LAB.

DO 11 SERIES OF 2013 - STAR RATING OF DPWH REGIONAL

AND DISTRICT MATERIALS TESTING
LABORATORIES
 Test Significance Asphalt Cement Cut-Back Asphalt Emulsified Asphalt
1. Loss on Heating/Thin- -Determines the loss of volatiles in the asphalt 0.8% max.
Film Oven Test

2. Specific Gravity -It is a gauge to a uniformity of supply of an asphalt

-Important during computation and design (Job-Mix) - -
(Asphalt Content & % Air Voids)

3. Solubility -Determines the bitumen content in asphalt cement 99% Min. 99% Min. (Residue)

-Determines if asphalts is overheated or not during Negative (25% Negative (25%

4. Spot Test xylene-heptane) xylene-heptane)
production

-Indicates the safe heating temperature of the asphalt, the

temperature to which the material maybe safely heated 232°C Min. 38°C Min.
5. Flash Point (Cleveland Open
without danger of instantaneous flash (catching fire or Cup) (Tag Open Cup)
explode) in the presence of an open flame

6. Penetration -Determines the relative hardness or consistency of an 60-70 @ 25°C, 100g 120-150 @ 25°C, 100g 40-90 @ 25°C, 100g
asphalt cement, (Residue) (Residue)

7. Ductility
-Measures the ability of asphalt to stretch without breaking 100 cm Min. @25°C, 100 cm Min. @25°C, 40 cm Min. @25°C,
5cm/min 5cm/min (Residue) 5cm/min (Residue)
-A gauge to adhesiveness of asphalt, the higher the ductility
the more adhesive the asphalt.

8. Distillation -Determines the relative proportions of asphalt and diluent

present in liquid asphalt.
0-20% (225°C)
20-60% (260°C)
-also used to measure the amount of diluent that distills off 65-90 (315°C)
at various temperature denoting its evaporation 55% Min.*
characteristics, this in turn, indicates the relative rate at
which the material will cure “after application”.

9. Viscosity -Liquidity or fluidity of asphalt 70-140 centistokes

Kenimatic Capillary 20-100 s Saybolt-Furol
-Consistency test of the liquid asphalt Viscometer @ 25°C
Viscometer @ 60°C
-Determines the flow characteristics of asphalt
 Test Significance Asphalt Cement Cut-Back Asphalt Emulsified Asphalt
10. Storage Stability -Detects the tendency of the asphalt globules in the 1% Max. (24h)
emulsion to settle during storage of an emulsified asphalt

11. Sieve Test -Determines quantitatively the percent asphalt present

-Determines whether the emulsion has properly emulsified 0.10% Max.
(properly mixed)

12. Cement Mixing -Determines the resistance of the emulsion to breakdown on

the job.
2% Max.
-Determines the rate where in the emulsion will break when
in contact with soil or mineral aggregates

13. Ash Content - Determination of mineral matter in solid, semisolid, or 1% Max.

liquid asphalt

Concrete Joint Sealer

Safe Heating Temperature

Pour point temperature 228°C Max.
Flow @ 60°C 5 Max.
Penetration @ 25°C, 150g, 5 sec 90 Max.

Preformed Expansion Joint Sealer

Thickness 11.1 to 14.3mm

Density 304 kg/m³ Min.
Water Absorption 20% Max.
Compression 689-5171 kN/m²
Recovery 70 Min.
 Test Significance Asphalt Cement Cut-Back Asphalt Emulsified Asphalt
Spot Test 2.00 ± 0.02 g Sample
10.2 mL 1:3 xylene:heptane
55 seconds Immersion of flask
5 seconds rapidly swirling
32.0 ± 0.5℃ for 15mins warming the mixture
 Physical Test Significance Requirements

Specific Gravity (ASTM C - 188) - Importance : Design Mix - Pass through sieve # 20
SG = Wt. of Cement / (Final
- Kerosene (0 to 1 mL) Volume - Initial Volume)
- At least 64 g of sieved sample

Fineness of Hydraulic Cement - Importance : the finer the cement, the faster - Pass through sieve # 20
F = 100 - (sample
by No. 200 Sieve (ASTM C - 184) the hydration, the faster strength development - At least 50 g of sieved sample retained/weight of sample
*100)

Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Importance : the finer the cement, the faster 20% Max - Pass through sieve # 20 % Retained = (Wt. of residue
by No. 325 Sieve (ASTM C430) the hydration, the faster strength development - At least 100 g of sieved sample retained on the sieve/ Wt. of
Sample) x 100

Normal Consistency (ASTM C - 187) - to determine the amount of water required to prepare - 25% - 35% Normal Consistency - 650 g cement Normal Consistency = (Mass of
hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency - 10 ± 1 mm Penetration Water/Mass of Dry Cement) x
100

Time of Setting by Vicat Needle - determining compliance with a specification limit - Initial Time of Setting: - Moist Cabinet or Room =(T/P )* (P-25) + T
for Vicat time of setting. @ 25 mm penetration
- Final Time of Setting:
@ 0 mm penetration

- 45 - 375 minutes

Autoclave Expansion (ASTM C - 151) - provides an index of potential delayed expansion 0.8 % max. - Autoclave Machine (2.4 Mpa) Autocalve Expansion =
caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO (Length before/Length
- determining the soundness of Portland cement after)/250mm * 100
- ability of a hardened cement paste to retain its volume
after setting

Compressive Strength of results may be used to determine compliance with 3 Days - 12 Mpa (Type I) - Pass through sieve # 20 - numerical difference of the
Hydraulic Cement Mortars specifications - 13 Mpa (Type IP) - At least 100 g of sieved sample highest and lowest value
(ASTM C - 109) 7 Days - 19 Mpa (Type I) - 8.7% of the average
- 20 Mpa (Type IP) - Calculate the range of the
28 Days - 28 Mpa (Type I) two remaining values
- 25 Mpa (Type IP) - Calculate 7.6% of the ave.

Flow - 110±5 % or 105% - 115%

to determine whether or not the hydraulic cement under test 12% Max.
Air Content (ASTM C - 185) - 350 g of cement
meets the air-entraining or non air- entraining requirements
meets the air-entraining or non air- entraining requirements - 1400g of sand (C778 20 -30) AC = 100* (1 -(Wa/Wt))
of the applicable hydraulic Flow - 87.5% ± 7.5% Flow 7.2” – 7.8”
 Physical Test Significance Requirements

Flow Test - 12.7mm height drop and 10 times Flow = (A/Orig. Base Dia.) x 100
drop for 6 seconds

Chemical Test Significance Requirements

ASTM C - 114
Loss on Ignition - loss is assumed to represent the total moisture and - 950 +- 50 °C - 1.0000 - 1.0005 g
carbon dioxide in the cement - muffle furnace at 950 +- 50 °C LOI, % = (Weight before -
- freshness of cement and moisture content accumulated Weight after)/ Weight of
and present in the cement caused by free hydration Type 1 = 3.0% max. for 15 mins. sample * 100
and carbonation of cement Type 1P = 5.0% max.

Insoluble Residue - determined by digestion of sample in hydrochloric acid - 900 - 1000 °C Reagents:
followed, after filtration, by further digestion in - Hydrochloric Acid (sp.gr. 1.19)
sodium hydroxide Type 1 = 1.5% max. - Ammonium Hydroxide (sp.gr. 0.90) IR, % = (Weight of residue/
- a measure of adulteration in cement, largely coming Type 1P = n/a - Sodium Hydroxide Solution Weight of Sample) * 100
from impurities in gypsum - Ammonium nitrate solution
- Methyl Red Indicator

Sulfur Trioxide - affects strength and setting time of cement - 800 - 900 °C Reagents:
- Sulfate is precipitated from an acid solution of the cement - Hydrochloric Acid (sp.gr. 1.19)
with Barium Chloride. The precipitate is ignited and weighed Type 1 = 3.0% max. - Barium Chloride Solution (100g) SO3, % = Weight of ignited
as Barium Sulfate Type 1P = 4.0% max. residue * 34.3

Magnesium Oxide - Magnesia in cement imparts hardness and color to the - 1100 +- 50 °C Reagents:
cement. If it is more than 3%, the cement becomes unsound - Hydrochloric Acid (sp.gr. 1.19)
and also strength of the cement reduces. Type 1 = 6.0% max. - Ammonium Hydroxide (sp.gr. 0.90) MgO, % = Weight of ignited
as Barium Sulfate Type 1P = 6.0% max. - Ammonium Oxalate residue * 72.4
- - Causes unsoundness (volume change) on cement - Methyl Red Indicator
Test Significance Requirements

Load Bearing Masonry Units Compression Test Individual Strength: 800 psi min. - steel plate = 12.7 mm
(ASTM C - 90) - in order to determine its strength properties Ave. Strength: 1,000 psi min. Compressive Strength =
- for the evaluation of compressive strength as a basis of Maximum Load/ Gross Area
acceptance
Absorption & Moisture
- to determine Content
the actual percentage of water and the Absorption: 240 kg/m3 max.
MC, % = (M.Sampled - M.Dry)/
absorption Moisture Content: 45% max. (M.Wet - M.Dry) * 100
characteristics of the concrete when subjected in saturated Absorption = (M.Wet - M.Dry)/
(M.Wet - M.Imrs) * 100
condition

Non - Load Bearing Masonry Units Compression Test Individual Strength: 500 psi min.
(ASTM C - 129) - in order to determine its strength properties Ave. Strength: 600 psi min. Compressive Strength =
- for the evaluation of compressive strength as a basis of Maximum Load/ Gross Area
acceptance

Determining Weight of Coating on provides a standard method for determining the weight of Weight of Zinc Coating: - Micrometer For Corrugated Sheet:
Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Iron coating for comparison with specification requirements. Triple Spot: 100g/m2 Min. Regeants: (𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
or Steel Articles (ASTM A - 90) Single Spot: 85g/m2 Min. - Hydrochloric- Antimony Trichloride −𝑊𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑑)/𝑊𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑑
Solution x TFlat
For x KSheet:
(𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
−𝑊𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑑)/𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 x T x K
Base Metal Thickness: 0.40 +/- 0.04

Latex Paint

Test on Paints: (For Latex, Enamel,

Red Lead, Red Oxide and Aluminum
Paints)

Physical Test
Density/Specific Gravity - It is a key property in the identification, characterization
(ASTM D 1475) and quality control of wide range of materials.
- higher than standard value, overload of basic powder matls
- lower than standard value, overload solvents or binders

Drying Time - to determine various stages and rates of drying, curing

(ASTM D 1640) and film formation of organic coatings
- for the purpose of comparing types of coatings or
ingredients changes
Test Significance Requirements

Total Solids (Non-volatile Matter) - the residue left when the product is heated under the Flat Latex Paint: 18% Min.
(ASTM 1644/ISO 1515) prescribed condition of test
- indicates the amount of material remaining after the
solvent evaporates and is a measure of the film solids

Extraction of Pigment - Suitable for setting specification for the pigment content
(ASTM D 2371) of paints as well as monitoring quality control
Test Significance Requirements