Slope Stabilization using Drilled Shafts: Design and Long-Term Monitoring
Jamal Nusairat, Ph.D., P.E. E.L. Robinson Engineering of Ohio Co. & Izzaldin Almohd, Ph.D., P.E. Huesker Synthetic GmbH 8/4/2010
Presentation Outlines
Introduction Geotechnical Analysis Structural Design Instrumentation & Long-Term Summary and Conclusions
Monitoring
Introduction
1. 2.
Slope remediation using drilled shafts Single row of drilled shafts
Inexpensive Various techniques and equipments Has been successfully used Simple to design
Geotechnical Elements o Geometry o FS improvement o Shaft force o Soil Arching
Analysis Methodology
Define Geometry Define Stratigraphy and Material Properties Initial Slope Stability Analysis (no stabilization)
Determine the need and location of stabilization Elements Assume Shafts diameter, length, and spacing Verify/modify assumed shaft parameters
Verify Shaft Structural adequacy (Lateral Analysis)
Stability Analysis: Limiting Equilibrium (Method of Slices)
i n
Potential Slip Surface
Slice i + 1
Pile
Slice i Vi-1 Hi-1
W
Slice i - 1 Vi-1 W Si-1/FS Ni-1 Vi-2 Hi-2
? W Ni+1 ? Si+1/FS
Vi
Vi Hi
Si/FS Ni
Arching Mechanism Liang and Zeng (2002)
Soil Arching
Direction of Moving Soil
S Arching Load S 1 2
ODOT Research Report: Drilled Shaft Foundations for Noise Barrier Walls and Slope Stabilization (2002)
UA Slope Program to Design Landslides using Drilled Shafts
Initial Slope Stability
Slope Stability W/ Drilled Shafts
3.00 2.80 2.60 2.40 FS; S/D = 2 FS; S/D = 3 Shaft Force (Kip); S/D = 2 Shaft Force (Kip); S/D = 3
400 350 300 250 200 150 100
2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Offset (ft) 80 90 100 110 120
50 0
Shaft Force (Kip)
Safety Factor
2.20
Lateral Analysis Results
Assumed Shaft diameter, Reinforcement, and concrete strength. Defined loads from Slope Stability Analysis (UA Slope, FEM) Run Lateral Analysis (L-Pile, COM624, FB-Multi Pier, FEM )
Results Deflection Moment Shear
verify/modify section
Perform Lateral Analysis
Verify assumed diameter, spacing, and length of shaft
Moment
Shear
Structural Design of Drilled Shaft
Net Shaft
Lateral Deflection Z
Net 2 FShaft Pu Z
Slip Surface
Design Shear = 1.69Vmax
Design Moment = 1.69Mmax
#6@12 in
D = 60 in #6@12 in 39 02 36#11
X X
#6@12 in 3 in cover
X-X
#6@12 in
Field Instrumentation and Monitoring
JEF-152-1.3 WAS-7-47.9 MRG-376-1.1 HAM-275-7.02
Projects Design Summary
Site
JEF-152-1.30 WAS-7-47.90 MRG-376-1.1 HAM-275-7.02
D (ft) S/D (ft/ft) Lp (ft) Lr (ft) Fshaft (kips)
# of Shafts
Offset (ft)
3.5 4 4 4
2 2, 3 2 2
45 40 40 55
20 10 18 15
100 200 165 165
42 128 23 54
40 90 20 180
JEFF 152-1.3
Instrumentation Plans/Slope Section
57+00 56+00 55+00 S.R. 152
Shaft #1 3. 5 ft-Diameter Drilled Shafts INC#3 PZ-2 42 Drilled Shafts; S/D = 2 on centers The two instrumented drilled shafts (#20 & #21 PZ-3 Lateral Load Test Shafts Sliding Zone Limits Work Limits INC#4
PZ: Piezometers INC: Inclinometer Offset = 40 ft CL S. R. 152 160 ft
PZ-1
40 ft Shaft #42
250 ft
25 ft TOR Existing Slip Surface Water Table PZ-2 (22 ft) 20 ft PZ-3 (23 ft) PZ-1 (20 ft) INC#3
INC#1 & #2 A single row of 42 Drilled Shafts: INC#4 (D = 3. 5 ft; S/D = 2 on centers)
Instrumentation/Shafts
JEF-152-1.30
Shaft Properties
D (ft) 3.5 Reinforc. 26 #11 Moment capacity (k-f) 2,824 Load kips 102 Max Deflection (in) 3.2
Max. Deflection: LPILE Analysis Load : UA Slope Analysis
Drilled Shafts Deflection
SH#20 SH#21
Moments in Shaft #20 and Shaft #21
Moment in SH#20 Moment in SH#21
Max. Moment Observed = 950 ft-kips Nominal Moment Capacity = 2,824 ft-kips A factor of 2.97
WAS 7-47.9
Shaft Properties
D (ft) 4.0 Reinforc. 32 #14 Moment capacity (k-f) 4,918 Load kips 63 Max Deflection (in) 2.6
Max. Deflection: LPILE Analysis Load : UA Slope Analysis
Up-Slope
Soil Movement
In-between
Down-Slope
Drilled Shafts Deflection
SH#53 SH#54
Moments in Shaft #20 and Shaft #21
Moment in SH#53 Moment in SH#54
Max. Moment Observed = 225 ft-kips Nominal Moment Capacity = 4,918 ft-kips The factor is very high
HAM-275-7.02
HAM-275-7.02
HAM-275-7.02
HAM-275-7.02
HAM-275-7.02
HAM-275-7.02
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
V ER M IL IO N
RI VE
PLAN
203' PIER 1 254' PIER 2 254' PIER 3 230'
190'
PIER 4 RIVER
ELEVATION
60 Over
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
12'-0" DIAMETER DRILLED SHAFT 18-HP12x53 10-HP12x53
18 BARS
STEEL CASING
INCLINOMETER TUBE (TYPICAL)
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
8 7
The number of tensioned anchors
4
FEM Meas.
0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2
Deflection, in
The deflection at the top of drilled shaft pier #2
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
ERI-60-0227 over Vermillion River
CUY-90-15.24
CUY-90-15.24
CUY-90-15.24
F.S.=1.1
F.S.=1.25
CUY-90-15.24
CUY-90-15.24
CUY-90-15.24
The use of drilled shafts to stabilize slopes demonstrated to be an effective method The design process is an optimization of the drilled shaft size, spacing, location along the slip plane, and length The factor of safety was enhanced in all the cases The calculated shaft deflection is always more than the field measured deflection
Summary and Conclusions
Thank You
QUESTIONS?
