Introduction to First Aid

and Basic Life Support

First Aid

Is an immediate help provided to a sick or injured

person until professional medical help arrives or
becomes available.

Scope and Limitations

First aid does not imply medical treatment and is
by no means a replacement for it.
Basic Life Support

An emergency procedure that consists of recognizing

respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper
application of CPR to maintain life until a victim
recovers or advanced life support is available.

Objectives of First Aid

First aid aims to accomplish the According to Article 12 no. 4 of Act

following goals: No. 3815 of the Philippine Revised
Penal Code Book One
• Preserve life "any person who, while performing a
• Prevent further harm and complications lawful act with due care, causes an
• Seek immediate medical help injury by mere accident without fault
• Provide reassurance or intention of causing it" is exempt
from criminal liability.
Legal Concerns
• Consent According to Article 275 Nos. 1 & 2 of Act No. 3815 of the Philippine Revised Penal
• Duty to Act Code Book Two: Abandonment person danger and abandonment of one's own victim."
• Standard of Care 1. Anyone who shall fail to render assistance to any person whom he shall in an
• Negligence uninhabited place wounded or in danger of dying, when he can render such assistance
• Abandonment without detriment to himself, unless such omission shall constitute a more serious
• Confidentiality offense

2. Anyone who shall fail to help or render assistance to another whom he has
accidentally wounded or injured.

Health Hazard and Risks

Common Transmittable Diseases Disease Transmission

Infectious diseases are those that can
Helping others is not without risks and hazards, most spread from one person to another
important of which is the risk of contracting an infectious through the following ways:
disease. Infectious diseases are those that can spread from - Direct contact
one person to another and develop when germs invade the - Indirect contact
body and cause illness. - Airborne transmission
- Bites
 Herpes Meningitis Tuberculosis Hepatitis Human Immune
Deficiency Virus

Prevention and Protection

Universal Precautions are set of strategies developed to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens.
Body Substance Isolation (BSI) are precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of exposure from body
secretions and any other type of body substance such as urine, vomit, faces, sweat, or sputum. Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) is specialized clothing, equipment and supplies that keep you from directly
contacting infected materials.
Emergency Action
Principles
An emergency scene can be overwhelming. In order for the first aider to help
effectively, it is important that actions have to be prioritized and planned well.

Scene Size-up

I. Scene Safety To obtain consent, do

II. Knowing What Happened the following:
▪ Cause of injury ▪ Identify yourself to the victim.
▪ Nature illness ▪ State your level of training
III. Role of by standers ▪ Ask the victim whether
IV. Number of casualties you may help.
V. Asking permission or ▪ Explain what you observe.
consent ▪ Explain what you plan to do.
Primary Assessment
I. Assessing Responsiveness
A patient's response level can be summarized in the AVPU
mnemonic as follows:
A – Alert Primary assessment can
V – Responsive to Voice be done with the
P – Responsive to Pain patient in the position in
U – Unresponsive/Unconscious which you find him or
her, and begins with
checking the patient's
responsiveness.

II. Active Medical Help

▪ Ask someone to call for local emergency number and get an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).

Call First or Care First

If you are ALONE, it is important to know when to call during emergencies. Call First situations
are likely to be cardiac emergencies, where times is a critical factor. In Care First situations, the
conditions are often are related to breathing emergencies.
 Information to be remembered in
activating medical help:
❑ What happened?
❑ Location of emergency?
❑ Number of persons injured or ill?
❑ Cause and extent of injury and nature
of illness and first aid given?
❑ Telephone number from where call is
made?
❑ Name of person who called medical
help (person must identify him/herself
and hang up the phone last).

III. Airway
An open airway allows air to enter the lungs
for the person to breathe. If the airway is
blocked, the person cannot be breathe.
IV. Breathing
While maintaining an open airway, quickly
check an unconscious person for breathing by
doing the Look, Listen and Feel (LLF)
technique for no more than 10 seconds.

V. Circulation
▪ Pulse
Check for definitive pulse at carotid area for adult or child, while
brachial for infant (Applicable for Professional Rescuers and
Healthcare Providers).

▪ Bleeding
Quickly look for severe bleeding by looking over the person's body
from head to toe for signals such as blood-soaked clothing or blood
spurting out of a wound.

▪ Shock
If left untreated, shock can lead to death. Always look for signals
of shock whenever you are giving care.
 ▪ Skin color, temperature and moisture
Assessment of skin temperature, color, and condition can tell you
more about the patient's circulatory system.

Secondary Assessment
If you determine that an injured or ill person is not in an
immediately life-threatening condition, you can begin to
check for other conditions that may need care.
To gain essential information about the patient's
• Interviewing the person and by standers medical history, ask the patient questions based
on the SAMPLE approach:

S – Sign and symptoms

A – Allergies
M – Medications
P – Pertinent past medical history
L – Last intake and output
E – Events leading up to the injury or illness
▪ Checking the person from head to toe.

▪ Checking for vital signs.

Common Emergencies
Chain of Survival

In Hospital Chain of Survival

1. Surveillance and prevention
2. Recognition and activation of the emergency response system
3. Immediate high-quality CPR
4. Rapid Defibrillation
5. Advanced life support and post arrest care
Out of Hospital Chain of Survival
1. Recognition and activation of emergency
response system\
2. Immediate high quality CPR
3. Rapid Defibrillation
4. Basic and advanced emergency medical services
5. Advance Life Support and post arrest care

Heart Attack
Also called myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced
causing damage to the heart muscle and preventing blood from circulating effectively. It is usually
caused by coronary heart disease.

The term "angina pectoris" means literally "a

construction of the chest". Angina occurs when
coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle
with blood, become narrowed and cannot carry
sufficient blood to meet increased demands during
exertion or excitement.
 Signs and Symptoms

What to Look for:

▪ Chest pain, discomfort or pressure.
▪ Pain or discomfort becomes constant.
▪ Some individuals may show no signs.
▪ Discomfort in other areas of the upper body.
▪ Trouble breathing.
▪ Pale of ashen (gray), skin especially around the face.
▪ Damp sweat or may sweat heavily.
▪ Feeling dizzy, nauseated or vomiting.
▪ Fatigue, lightheaded or lose consciousness.

First Aid Management

• Call the local emergency number immediately.
• Have the person stop what he or she is doing and rest comfortably.
• Loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing.
• Person who is experiencing chest pain may take prescribe aspirin.
• Closely watch the person until advanced medical personnel take over.
• Be prepared to perform CPR and use an AED, if available, once the person
loses consciousness and stops breathing.
 • You can help by assisting patient with tasking the prescribed medication.
• Be calm and reassuring.
• Talk to bystanders and if possible to the person to get more information.
• Do not try to drive the person to the hospital. Patient could quickly get worse on the
way.

Cardiac Arrest

Occurs when the heart stops contracting and no blood circulates through the blood vessels and vital
organs are deprived of oxygen.

It is important to know that there are

various types of cardiac arrest. In an
emergency, however, it is not necessary to
determine which type of cardiac arrest is
present. Begin CPR immediately when you
recognize cardiac arrest.
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
It is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths. When the heart is not beating, chest
compressions are needed to circulate blood containing oxygen.
 TABLE OF COMPARISON ON
CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION FOR ADULT, CHILD,
AND INFANT
CPR COMPARISONS FOR
ADULT, CHILD AND INFANTS

ADULT
COMPONENT (age of puberty and CHILD (1 – age of INFANT (under 1 year old
above) puberty

Unresponsive (for all ages)

Recognition of Cardiac Arrest No breathing or no normal breathing (I.e. only gasping)
No definite pulse felt within 10 seconds
If you are alone with no
mobile phone, leave
the victim to activate Witness Collapse: Follow instruction in the left
emergency response Unwitnessed Collapse
Activation of EMS system and get EAD Give 2 minutes CPR then leave the victim to activate
before beginning CPR. help and get AED then return to the child and infant
Otherwise if someone to continue CPR
is there to help EAD
and start CPR
 Carotid pulse Brachial pulse
CHECKING OF BREATHING AND
CIRCULATION Breathing could be checked by the rise and fall of the chest
For Lay Rescuer if no breathing start CPR
CPR SEQUENCE Compression-Airway-Breathing only if the airway is patent
COMPRESSION RATE At least 100 –120/min
2 inches (5cm) not At least 1/3 AP diameter At least 1/3 AP diameter
COMPRESSION DEPTH
more than 2.4 inches About 2 inches (5cm) About 1 ½ inches (4cm)
Allow complete recoil between compressions
CHEST WALL RECOIL
HCPs & PRs rotate compressors every 2 minutes
Minimize interruption in chest compressions
COMPRESSION INTERUPTIONS
Attempt to limit interruptions to <10 seconds
AIRWAY Head-tilt-chin lift (HCP & PR: suspected trauma: jaw thrust)
30:2
COMPRESSION-TO-
30:2 Single rescuers
VENTILLATION RATIO
1 or 2 rescuers 15:2
(until advanced airway placed)
2 HCP rescuers
1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths/min)
VENTILATIONS WITH ADVANCE Asynchronous with chest compressions
AIRWAY (HCP & PR) About 1 second/breath
Visible chest rise
Attach and use AED as soon as available. Minimize interruptions in chest
DEFIBRILLATION compression before and after shock; resume CPR beginning with chest
compressions immediately after each shock.
 When to STOP When not to Start CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation It is recommended that all patients in cardiac arrest
(CPR) receive resuscitation unless:
❑ Spontaneous signs of breathing • The patient has a valid "Do Not Attempt Resuscitation"
and circulation are restored (DNAR) order.
❑ Turned over professional
provider. • The patient has signs of irreversible death: rigor mortis,
❑ Operator is exhausted and decapitation lividity.
cannot continue CPR.
❑ Physician assumes • No physiological benefit can be expected because the
responsibility vital functions have deteriorated despite maximal
❑ Scene becomes unsafe. therapy such conditions as progressive septic or
cardiogenic shock

Chest compression only (Hands only) CPR

is performed if a person is unwilling or unable to perform ventilation.

Chest compression only (Hands only) CPR is recommended in the following

circumstances:
When a rescuer is unwilling or unable to perform mouth-to-mouth or rescue breathing. For use
is dispatcher-assisted CPR instructions where the simplicity of this modified technique allow untrained
bystanders to rapidly intervene.
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
AEDs are computerized devices that are attached to a pulseless
victim with adhesive pads. They will recommend shock delivery
only if the victim's heart rhythm is one that shock can treat. AEDs
give rescuers visual and voice prompts to guide rescuer actions.

In many cases however, CPR alone cannot correct the underlying heart problems: defibrillation delivered by
an AED is needed, the electrical impulse allows the heart to develop spontaneous effective rhythm on its
own.

Integrated CPR and AED Use

When arriving at the scene of a suspected cardiac arrest, rescuers
must rapidly integrate CPR with the use of the AED. Most of
the time or two more rescuers are at the scene. In this case the
rescuers can initiate functions simultaneously:
• Activating the emergency response
system and getting the AED.
• Performing CPR.
• Operating the AED.
 Use AEDs immediately when Defibrillation
victims have the following 3 Is the treatment of irregular sporadic or absent heart
clinical findings: rhythms by an electrical current to the heart.
The most effective treatment for VF is electrical
❑ No Response
defibrillation .
❑ No Breathing
The probability of successful defibrillation decreases
❑ No Pulse
quickly over time.
VF deteriorates to asystole if not treated.

Use of AED Pads

ADULT (Victims 9 Years of Age and Older)
• Use only adult pads (do NOT use child pads or a child key or switch for victims 8 years of
age and older).

CHILD (Victim 1 to 8 Years of Age)

• Use child pads if available. If you do not have child pads, you may use adult pads as long as
the pads do not touch.
• If the AED has a key or switch that will deliver a child shock dose, turn the key or switch.
• For unwitnessed, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children, perform 5 cycles or 2 minutes
of CPR before using the attaching the AED.
• For any in-hospital cardiac arrest or for any sudden collapse of a child out-of-hospital,
use AED as soon as is available.
Lone Rescuers with an AED
• The lone rescuers should quickly activate the emergency response system and get an AED.
• The rescuers should then return to the victim and begin the step of CPR.
• The AED should be used only if the victim does not respond, has no breathing, and has
no pulse.

There are 2 exception to this rule:

1. If the victim is an adult and a likely victim a asphyxia arrest, the rescuers should give 5
cycles of CPR before activating the emergency response system and getting AED.
2. If the victim is a child and the rescuers did not witness the arrest, the rescuers should give 5
cycles of CPR before activating the emergency response system and getting the AED.

Special situations when not to use AED

1. The victim is less than 1 year old.
2. The victim has a hairy chest.
3. The victim is immersed in water or water covering the victim's chest.
4. The victim has an implanted defibrillator or pacemaker.
5. The victim has a transdermal patch or other on the surface of the skin where the
AED electrode pads are placed.
Foreign-body Airway Obstructions

Also known as choking, it is common breathing emergency that occurs when the person's airway is
partially or completely blocked by a foreign object, such as a piece of food or a small toy; by swelling in
the mouth or throat; or by fluids, such as vomit or blood.

Classification of Airway Obstruction

1. Mild Airway Obstruction is a type of obstruction in which patient can still talk, cough,
make wheezing sounds, and answer the question, "Are you choking?"
2. Severe Airway Obstruction is characterized by poor air-exchange and increased
breathing difficulty, inability to speak, cough and breathe.

Two Types of Obstruction

1. Anatomical Obstruction. When tongue drops back and obstructs the throat. Other causes are acute
asthma, croup, diphtheria, swelling and whooping cough.

1. Mechanical Obstruction. When foreign objects lodged in the pharynx or airways; solid or liquid
accumulate in the back of the throat.
Back blows & Abdominal/Chest thrust
Causes
The most common cause of choking in adult is airway obstruction which may be caused by the
following:
Swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food
Drinking alcohol
Wearing dentures
Eating while talking excitedly, laughing, or eating too fast
Walking playing, or running with food or object in the mouth
In infants and children, choking occurs while eating or by putting non-food items such as coins or toys
inside the mouth while playing.

These are the first aid procedure on a person who is choking. This is done by applying pressure on
the upper back and upper abdomen or on the chest at the center of the breastbone from the back so
as to remove the object that is causing the obstruction
Bleeding

Bleeding is the loss of blood escaping from the circulatory system.

Bleeding that is severe enough to critically reduce blood volume is life threatening. This can cause tissues
to die from the lack of oxygen. Life threatening bleeding can be either external or internal. External
bleeding occurs when a blood vessel is opened from the outside, such as through a tear in the skin.

Types of Bleeding
▪ Arterial bleeding
▪ Venous bleeding
▪ Capillary bleeding

Techniques to Control Bleeding

▪ Direct pressure
▪ Pressure bandage
Shock
• Shock is a condition in which the circulatory system falls to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the body’s
tissues and vital organs.

Signs and Symptoms

• Restlessness or irritability
• Altered level of consciousness
• Pale, ashen or greyish color, moist skin
• Rapid breathing
• Rapid and weak pulse
• Excessive thirst

Causes
• Loss of blood volume
Blood or fluid loss from blood vessels decrease blood volume, usually as a result of bleeding, and results
in adequate perfusion.
• Pump failure
Poor pump function occurs when disease or injury damages the heart.
• Dilation of peripheral blood vessels
Even though blood vessels dilate normally, it is inadequate to fill the system and provide efficient
perfusion.
First Aid Management
• Make the person lie down.
• Control any external bleeding.
• Legs may be raised 6 to 12 inches.
• Help the person maintain normal body temperature.
• Do not give the person anything to eat or drink.
• Reassure the person every so often. Complications
A wound is any physical injury involving • Bleeding
a break in the layers of the skin. • Infection
Wounds are generally classified as • Tetanus
either closed or open. • Rabies
Closed Wounds
A closed wound is a wound where the outer layer of the
skin of the skin is intact and the damage lies below the
surface.
First Aid Management
• Apply an ice pack
• Elevate the injured part
• Do not assume that all closed wounds are minor injuries
• Help the person to rest
• Provide comfort and reassure the person

Signs and Symptoms

• Tender swollen, bruised or hard areas of the body
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Skin that feels cool or moist or looks pale or bluish
• Vomiting of blood or coughing up blood
• Excessive thirst
• An injured extremity that is blue or extremely pale
• Altered mental state

Open Wound
In an open wound, the outer layer of skin is broken. The break in the skin can be as minor as a scrape of the
surface layers or as severe as a deep penetration.
 Types of Open Wounds

• Abrasions
• Lacerations
• Avulsion
• Amputations
• Puncture

First Aid Management

General care for open wound includes controlling bleeding, preventing infection and using
dressings.

Minor Open Wounds

• Use a barrier between your hand and the wound.
• Apply direct pressure.
• Wash abrasions and other superficial wounds.
• Apply a Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) antiseptic solution or, if available, a triple antibiotic
ointment or cream
• Cover the wound with a sterile dressing.
• Wash your hands immediately after giving a care.
Major Open Wounds
• Call the local emergency number.
• Put on PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
• Control bleeding by applying direct pressure or employing a pressure bandage.
• Monitor airway and breathing.
• In cases where the injured party in shock. Keep him or her from experiencing chills or feeling overheated.
• Have the person rest comfortably and provide reassurance.
• Wash your hands immediately after giving care.

Burns
Burns are injuries to the skin and other body tissues that is
caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation.

Classification
• Superficial (first degree) burns
• Partial-thickness (second-degree) burns
• Full-thickness (third-degree) burns
Critical burns
Critical burns are those burns that require immediate medical care. These are based on factors such as depth,
area and location. The following are considered critical burns: Full thickness burns that cover more than five
percent if the body’s surface area or those that can be found in multiple locations
Burns to the face, genitals and injuries that completely encircle the hands or feet which may cause possible
constriction and prevent circulations.
Burns caused by chemicals, electricity and explosives.
Burns involving someone under five years old or older than five who have thinner skin and often burn more
severely.
Burns involving with people with chronic medical problems such as heart or kidney ailments.
People who may be undernourished. People wo are exposed to burn sources who may not be able to leave the
area.

Electrical Burns
• Never go near the person until you are sure that he or she is no longer in contact with the power source.
• Turn of the power at its source and be aware of any life threatening conditions.
• Call the local emergency number.
• Be aware that electrocution can cause cardiac and respiratory emergencies.
• Care for shock and thermal burns.
• Look for entry and exit wounds and give appropriate care.
• Remember that anyone suffering from electric shock requires advanced medical attention.
Radiation Burns
• Care for a radiation burns, i.e. sunburn, as you would for any thermal burn.
• Always cool the burn and protect the area from the further damage by keeping the person away from the
burn source.

Head and Spine Injuries

Types
• Head injury
A head injury is potentially dangerous. If not properly treated, injuries that
seem minor could become life threatening. Head injuries include scalp
wounds, skull fractures, and brain injuries.

• Concussion
A concussion involves a temporary loss of brain function from a blow
received by a victim to the head. Loss of consciousness may not always
occur, but its after-effects can be easily recognized.

• Spinal injury
Spine Injuries often fracture of the vertebrate and sprain the ligaments.
 Prevent injuries to the head, neck and back by practicing
these safety guidelines:
• Wear safety belts (lap and shoulder restraints) and place children in car safety seats.
• Wear approved helmets, eyewear, faceguards and mouth guards.
• Climb steps carefully to prevent slipping ang falling.
• Obey rules in sports and recreational activities.
• Avoid inappropriate alcohol use.
• Inspect work and recreational equipment regularly.
• Think and talk about safety.

First Aid Management

• Call the local emergency number

• Minimize movement of the head, neck and back
• Check for life-threatening conditions
• Maintain open airways
• Monitor consciousness and breathing
• Control any external bleeding with direct pressure unless the bleeding is located directly over a suspected fracture
• Help patients maintain normal body temperature
Bones, Joints and Muscle Injuries
Types

• A strain or pulled muscle is caused by the overstretching

and tearing of muscles or tendons. This usually involves
muscles in the neck, back, thigh or the back of the lower
leg.

• A sprain is the tearing ligaments at a joint. The joint most

easily injured are the ankle, knee, wrist and fingers.

• A dislocation is the movement of a bone at a joint away

from its normal position. This movement is usually caused
by a violent force tearing the ligaments that hold bones in
place.

• A fracture is a complete break, a chip or a crack in a

bone. In general, fractures are not life threatening.
However, a breakage in the large bones, a severed artery,
and difficulties in breathing are dangerous signals to look
out for. A fracture is either closed or open.
 Signs and Symptoms
• Pain
• Significant and bruising and swelling
• Significant deformity
• Inability to use affected body part normally
• Bone fragments sticking out of a wound
• Grating sensations after hearing a bone pop or snap
• Cold, numb and tingly sensations on the injured area
• When the cause of injury suggests that it may be severe.

First Aid Management • R-Rest.

• I-Immobilize.
• C-cold.
• E-Elevate.
Fainting
Fainting is a partial or complete loss of consciousness resulting from a temporary reduction of blood flow to
the brain.

Signs and Symptoms Causes

• Light-headedness or dizziness. • An emotionally stressful event.
• Signs of shock, such as pale, cool or moist • Pain.
skin • Specific medical conditions such as heart disease.
• Nausea and numbness or tingling in the • Standing for long periods of time or overexertion.
fingers and toes. • Pregnant women and the elderly are more likely than
others to faint when suddenly changing positions.
First Aid Management
• Position the victim on his or her back.
• Keep the victim in a lying position.
• Loosen any restrictive clothing, such as a tie or a buttoned-up collar.
• Check for any other life-threatening and non-life-threatening conditions.
• Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink.

Heat-related Emergencies

Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is milder form of heat-related illness that can develop after exposure to high temperature. This
may also be a result of inadequate fluid intake or insufficient replacement of fluids.
First Aid Management Signs and Symptoms
• Remove the patient from the hot • Heavy sweating ·Paleness
environment. Fan the body, place
ice bags, or spray water on the skin. • Muscle cramps ·Tiredness and Weakness
• Start oral rehydration with a • Dizziness ·Headache
beverage containing salt, or make • Nausea or vomiting ·Fainting
them drink an Oral Rehydration • Cool, moist skin ·Fast, weak pulse rate.
Solution (ORS).
Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is a form of hyperthermia. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can contribute to failure of the
body’s temperature control system.

First Aid Management Signs and Symptoms

• Call of have someone call the local emergency • Strange behavior, headaches,
number. dizziness, hallucinations,
• Move the person into a cool place, a shaded confusion, agitation,
area, or an air-conditioned room. disorientation, and coma.
• Cool the patient immediately by immersing • High body temperature.
him/her in water. • Absence of sweating.
• If water immersion is not possible or is
• Red, hot, dry and flushed skin.
delayed, the following actions can be
performed: • Rapid pulse and difficulty
Douse the patient with copious amount of breathing.
cold water, spray the patient with water, fan • Nausea, vomiting, fatigue and
the patient, or cover the patient with ice weakness.
towels or surround the patient with ice bags.
• Respond to any life-threatening conditions that
may come about.
Special Situations
Emergency Preparedness

Emergency Evacuation Drills

A physical or mental exercise aimed at perfecting facility or skill especially by regular
practice.

Duties and Roles of the First team:

Three Types of Drills • Ensure all member review skill application.

• Determine an area for establishing medical station.
1. Scheduled Drill • Ensure all the first aid/medical supplies and
2. Unannounced Drill equipment is available.
3. In-Services Drills • Maintain the list of other responders in nearby
institution if need.
• Provide first aid care to injured and ill patients.
• Coordinate with other responding units.
Lifting and Moving
Lifting and carrying dynamic processes. A patient can be moved to safety in many different
ways, but no one way is the best for every situation. The objective is to move a patient to safety
without causing injury to either the patient or the first aider.

Emergency Move

Is the movement of a patient to a safe place before initial assessment and care is provided,
typically because there is some potential danger.

Non-Emergency Move

Is the movement of a patient when both the scene and the patient are stable.
Generally, DO NOT move an injured or ill person while giving
care except in the following situations:

• When faced with immediate danger such as fire, lack of oxygen, risk of
explosion or collapsing structure. Give care only when it can be done
safely.
• When there is need to get to another person who may have a more serious
problem. In this case, a person with minor injuries may be moved to reach
someone needing immediate care.
• When it necessary to give a proper care. For example, if someone needs
CPR, he or she might have to be moved from a bed because CPR needs to
be performed on a firm, flat surface or space is not adequate for giving the
necessary care, the person should be moved.
Lifting and Moving Guidelines
▪ Only attempt to move persons who you are sure you can comfortably handle.

▪ Bend your body at knees and hips.

▪ Lift with your legs, not with your back.

▪ Walk carefully using short steps.

▪ When possible, moved forward rather than backward.

▪ Always look where you are going.

▪ Support the victim’s head, neck and back, in necessary.

▪ If supine, lift and carry the patient’s entire body as one unit.

▪ Avoid bending or twisting a victim with a possible head, neck and back injury.

▪ Use the log-roll technique when placing a blanked or a spine board under the patient in
preparation for a carry.
 Philippine Red Cross Services
BLOOD SERVICES
The Blood Services is of the only two organizations authorized to collect, screen and issue blood in the country.
With state-of-the-art technology to ensure safe, adequate and quality blood supply nationwide. It promotes a system
of free and voluntary blood donation program that aims to save the lives of patients in need of blood and blood
products. Advocacy programs are conducted regularly to encourage people to donate blood.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Guided by the principle “predict, plan, cope, mitigate, relief, rehabilitation and resurrect”, Disaster Management
Services conducts and rescue, relief and rehabilitation operations in times of disasters, as well as disaster
preparedness programs and mitigation measures in vulnerable communities before disaster event hits. It has first-
class rescue equipment which allows it to respond to emergencies quickly and efficiently.

SAFETY SERVICES
The Safety Services implements a nationwide education campaign to ensure the safety of the Filipino people. It
conducts world class training in First Aid, Basic Life Support-CPR, Swimming /Water Safety Accident Prevention,
renders first aid, lifeguarding rescue and ambulance services.

HEALTH SERVICES
The volunteer nurses and staff of the Health Services provide health care and prevent illnesses in the community
through projects like the Primary Health Care, Water and Sanitation, Dengue Prevention and Avian Flu Information
Campaign. It also provides basic nursing services to victims of disaster.
SOCIAL SERVICES
The Social Services fosters family and community welfare through a wide range of services including stress
debriefing, tracing, communication facilitation, health welfare reports, and referrals to hospitals and welfare
agencies. Among its target population are disadvantaged women, elderly, physically disables persons, disaster
victims and overpass migrant workers.

RED CROSS YOUTH

The Red Cross Youth inculcates in children and youth the values of community health solidarity and services to
humanity through immersion in civic work. I provides opportunities for character building and leadership, as well
as regular training on general health, first aid, drug abuse and HIV/AIDS prevention, and blood donor recruitment.

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW (IHL)

The IHL Office is mainly responsible for the promotion of the seven fundamental principles of the International
Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (humanity, impartiality, neutrally, independence, voluntary service, unity
and universality), the basics of IHL, and the advocacy of domestic legislation and measures to implement
provisions of the Geneva Convention.
7 Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross & Red
Crescent Movement
HUMANITY
“We serve people, but not the system.”
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring
assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield-endeavors in its
national international capacity to prevent and alleviate human suffering whenever it may
be found. Its purpose is to protect the life and health and to ensure respect for the human
being.
IMPARTIALITY
“We serve for the victims and for the aggressor alike.”
In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, the Red Cross may not take sides in
hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or
ideological in nature.
NEUTRALITY
“We take initiative, but never sides.”
In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, the Red Cross may not take sides in
hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or
ideological in nature.
INDEPENDENCE
“We bow to needs but not to kings.”
The movement is independent. The national societies, while auxiliaries in the humanitarian
services for their autonomy so that they may be able at all times to act in accordance with
Principles of the Movement.

VOLUNTARY SERVICE
“We work around the clock, but never for personal gain.”
There can only be one Red Cross Society in the one country. It must be open to all. It must carry
on its humanitarian work throughout its territory.

UNITY
“We have many talents, but a single idea.”
There can only be one Red Cross Society in the one country. It must be open to all. It must carry
on its humanitarian work throughout its territory.

UNIVERSALITY
“We respect nations, but our work knows no bounds.”
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in which all societies have equal status
and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other is a worldwide organization.
First Aid and
Basic Life Support Training

Standard First Aid and Basic Life Support – CPR with Automated External
Defibrillator
(13y/p and above) – 32 hours

Occupational First Aid and Basic Life Support – CPR with Automated
External Defibrillator
(office Employees age 18 y/o and above) – 16 hours

Emergency First Aid

(Students, employees, household worker and community
worker aged 13 y/o and above) – 8 hours
Junior First Aid
(Elementary student and out-of-school youth aged 7-12y/o and above) – 6 hours

Basic Life Support- CPR for Healthcare Providers

(Job-related duty to respond in emergency aged 18y/o and above) – 8hours

Basic Life Support – CPR for Lay Rescuers

(Job-related duty to respond in emergency aged 18 y/o and above) – 8hours