CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE OPEN SPACE IN BEACH

WAY, FORT-KOCHI
A dissertation
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of
the Ninth Semester Curriculum for the
Degree of Bachelor of Architecture of the
APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

DISSERTATION
Aug 2022 – Jan 2023

Guided by
Ar. Ann Joseph
Assistant Professor
School of Architecture & Design
Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam Submitted by
Sijo Monachan

APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

2022-2023
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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled “CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE OPEN
SPACE IN, FORT-KOCHI” was carried out by me during the year 2022-2023 in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture of the APJ
Abdul Kalam Technological University. The dissertation is my effort and has not been
submitted to any other University.

Kollam

January 2022 Sijo Monachan

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this study would not have been possible without the participation and

assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated. All the contributions

are sincerely acknowledged and appreciated. However, I wish to express my sincere gratitude

and indebtedness to my guide and teacher Ar. Ann Joseph, Asst. Professor for her endless

support, encouragement, and understanding during the research. I also thank the dissertation

coordinator Ar. Niranjana S and other faculties for all their help and support rendered for the

fulfilment of my study. I am thankful to all my friends who in one way or the other shared their

support, either morally or physically to obtain the relevant data and resources. I am also thankful

to my parents who selflessly supported in the process and helped me to boost my confidence at

all times needed. Above all, thanks to the great almighty, the author of knowledge and wisdom,

for his countless love.

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ABSTRACT

People are the soul of the city and open spaces serve as nodes in the city where people gather

and celebrate the goodness of life.

Public spaces have always been a part of human civilization. The open public space should be

a social space that is accessible to all, regardless of gender, age, or socio-economic level, open

places become important as they create a visual communication between several persons who

visit it. Any public space has three characteristics: physical social and cultural.

To make a successful city it should provide a sense of space that strengthens community identity

and community pride. This improves community relations and reduces feelings of alienation

while creating a place for all types of people to congregate.

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023

 Contents

DECLERATION………………………………………………………………………………..i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………..ii

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..iii

Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 Aim…………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.2 Objective…………………………………………………………………………..……….2

1.3 Scope…………………………………………………………………………………….…2

1.4 Limitation……………………………………………………………………………..……2

1.5 Methodology………………………………………………………………………….……3

Chapter 2 Data Collection…………………………………………………………………..….4

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023

 List of figure

Figure 1 open park Figure 2 water front ......... 4

Figure 3 Map of Fort-Kochi .................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 4 Existing urban open space ........................................................................................................ 6

Figure 5 Beachside fort-kochi ................................................................................................................. 7

Figure 6 Nehru park Figure 7 Nehru park entrance .... 8

Figure 8 Delta study school ground ........................................................................................................ 8

Figure 9 Parade Ground .......................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 10 santa cruz ground .................................................................................................................. 10

Figure 11 open space map Figure 12 figure ground map

............................................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 13 human dimension .................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 14 human activities .................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 15 Relation with environment .................................................................................................... 13

Figure 16 Kevin Lynch's Five Principles .............................................................................................. 14

Figure 17 pathway ................................................................................................................................. 15

Figure 18 street Figure 19 public plaza ................. 16

Figure 20 public seating ........................................................................................................................ 17

Figure 21 water plaza ............................................................................................................................ 18

Figure 22 street artist Figure 23 street musician.................................... 19

Figure 24 aerial view Figure 25 walk way ................. 21

Figure 26 Crowd Gathering in the Beach Figure 27 Night view

............................................................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 28 sitting space........................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 29 plan........................................................................................................................................ 23

Figure 30 diagram ................................................................................................................................. 24

Figure 31 walkway Figure 32 playing ........................ 26

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023

Figure 33 aerial view Figure 34 sitting space ............... 27

Figure 35 aerial view ............................................................................................................................. 27

Figure 36 aerial view ............................................................................................................................. 28

Figure 37 marina beach food stall Figure 38 aerial view

............................................................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 39 Crowd Gathering in the Beach Figure 40 evening view ... 30

Figure 41 seating area............................................................................................................................ 31

Figure 42 Mahatma Gandhi statue Figure 43 Bose statue Figure 44 Kannagi

statue...................................................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 45 Beach aerial view Figure 46 freedom square ................. 33

Figure 47 Kozhikode Beach New Waiting Shed ................................................................................... 33

Figure 48 Wall Paintings on Kozhikode Beach Figure 49 Kozhikode Beach

Footpath................................................................................................................................................. 34

Figure 50 selfie corners Figure 51freedom square sketch . 34

Figure 52 analysing the space ............................................................................................................... 35

Figure 53 analysing the space ............................................................................................................... 35

Figure 54 section ................................................................................................................................... 35

Figure 55 street view ............................................................................................................................. 36

Figure 56 accessible roads Figure 57 entries .................. 37

Figure 58 public parking ....................................................................................................................... 37

Figure 59 live performances space Figure 60 exercising ..... 38

Figure 61 seating Figure 62 seating under the tree ......... 38

Figure 63 view to the beach Figure 64 view from the freedom square

............................................................................................................................................................... 39

Figure 65 monumental structure Figure 66 freedom square .. 40

Figure 67 Beach top view Figure 68 square lighting .......... 40

Figure 69 Beach Pathway Figure 70 fort Kochi beach ........... 42

Figure 71 fort Kochi beach.................................................................................................................... 43

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023

Figure 72 activity diagram .................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 73 Activity points....................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 74 fishing Figure 75 Chinese net ....................................... 45

Figure 76 boat fishing Figure 77 ventors..................................... 45

Figure 78 ventors ,lottery, tea makers ................................................................................................... 46

Figure 79 local and tourist ..................................................................................................................... 46

Figure 80 Beach section ........................................................................................................................ 47

Figure 81 pedestrian path ...................................................................................................................... 47

Figure 82 access map ............................................................................................................................ 48

Figure 83 pedestrian path ...................................................................................................................... 48

Figure 84 street light Figure 85 parking area........................ 49

Figure 86 sitting space........................................................................................................................... 49

Figure 87 view point.............................................................................................................................. 50

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023

 List of Tables

Table 6.1 Comparative study based on parameters…………………………………………51

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Aim

• To study and critical analysis of active open space in beach way, fort-Kochi. Produce

developmental guidelines that could help enhance the experience of these spaces.

1.2 Objective

• To evaluate the urban open space, their role and essence.

• Analysis the open space in urban context of fort Kochi.

• finding out the reason why it is successful or fail in our context.

• studying the various aspects in open space planning.

1.3 Scope

• The study will undertake a critical, visual and physical survey of various public space

in fort Kochi.

• Understanding of urban open space will need to take in account its physical and social

dimension simultaneously.

1.4 Limitation

Due to the limitation in the research focusing on the fort Koch beach area and does not address

the higher activity point in other part of the cities.

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1.5 Methodology
Introduction

Data collection

Literature readings

Cities for People - Jan Gehl

Image of the City - Kevin

Lynch Introduction to open spaces in fort Kochi

Social Life of Small Urban

Spaces - William H. Whyte
Responsive Environments

Literature case study Live case study Field study

➢ Tel Aviv’s Central ➢ South beach front, ➢ fort-Kochi beach
Promenade Renewal Calicut

➢ Marina beach,
Chennai

Analysis comparative analysis

Conclusion

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Chapter 2 Data Collection

2.1 Definition?

Public space is the stage upon which the drama of communal life unfolds. The streets, squares,
and parks of a city give form to the ebb and flow of human exchange. These dynamic spaces
are essential counterpart to the more settled places and routines of work and home life,
providing channels for movement, nodes for communication, and common grounds for play
and relaxation. (Carr, Francis, Rivlin, and Stone, 1992)

The open public is a valuable component of the city's urban fabric. The most prevalent open
spaces in Kerala include public parks, bazaars, monuments, marketplaces, streets, playgrounds,
community open spaces, greenways and linear parkways, religious sites, and waterfronts. Many
of these venues have been identified as having a word that describes their casual, daily,
functional use.

Urban open spaces in India frequently focus on town centres and metropolitan areas, where
retail and tourism demand, as well as general public interest, are highly significant. Local youth
use the open areas extensively for social and cultural development. Different types of open
spaces have different predominant functions, which can fall either into providing services to
society or conserving natural value.

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Urban open spaces have been critical sites of cultural, political, and economic life from early

civilizations to the present day. We define open space as any urban ground space, regardless of

public accessibility, that is not roofed by an architectural structure.

Figure 1 open park Figure 2 water front

2.1.1 Characteristics of a Great Public Space.

Great public spaces are accessible to people, engage the public with activities, are
comfortable, project a good image and foster a sense of community. (The American
Planning Association, 2019)
Other characteristics of a Great Public include:

• Promoting human contact and social activities

• Is safe, welcoming, and accommodating for all users.
• Has design and architectural features that are visually interesting.
• Promoting community involvement.
• Reflects the local culture or history.
• Relates well to bordering uses.
• Is well maintained.
• Has a unique or special character.

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2.2. Introduction to fort-Kochi.

Fort Kochi was an important spice trading center on the west coast of India from the 14th

century onward and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era.

Communities existed during the arrival of Portuguese include Hindus, Muslims, Christians,

Jews, hill tribes and fishing caste. Farming was the major activity then, Portuguese promoted

agriculture through introducing different crops including cashew and tobacco. Religious

activities, trade, toddy tapping, collection of forest produce, military, Fishing, and pottery forms

activities other than farming.

Figure 3 Map of Fort-Kochi

The city lacks recreational activities even though it has urban open spaces. In Kochi, as per the

current land use, about 5.71% of the total land use is reserved for parks and other open spaces.

However, the beaches and the park in the city are other potential areas that could facilitate

recreational activities in the area. The types of recreational facilities available in the area are

parks, beaches and ground

Since Fort Kochi comes under the Special Tourist Zone, we can see that more public spaces are

allotted. The water edge and the park are mainly used by the public and the ground is used by

mostly students, making it a semi-public area and the private area - an open space used for

residential parking.

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2.2.1 Existing Urban Open Spaces in Fort Kochi

There are different typologies which include large open grounds, community open ground,

children's park, beach front parks, etc. The key issues include that the neighborhood parks are

not maintained periodically. Parade ground is one of the important grounds and recreational

areas in the city, the Maidan needs landscaping, jogging tracks, barrier-free tracks, and planting

of more trees, etc.

Some of the existing urban open spaces in fort-Kochi that are currently in use is shown in fig 4

Beach side
Nehru Park

Delta study school ground

Parade ground

Santa cruz ground

Figure 4 Existing urban open space

Since Fort Kochi comes under the Special Tourist Zone, we can see that more

public spaces are allotted. The water edge and the park are mainly used by the public and the

ground is used by mostly students, making it a semi-public area and the private area - an open

space used for residential parking.

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Beachside,Fort-Kochi

The Vasco Da Gama Square is one of the most active places in Fort Kochi having a narrow

promenade along the beach, food stalls, Chinese fishing nets and cultural events. the most active

area with activities changing from morning to evening. Attracts many tourists and local visitors

for activities like shopping, sea food, sight view, photography and many other similar purposes.

Figure 5 Beachside fort-kochi

Nehru Park

Nehru Park, located near the seashore in Fort Kochi, is dedicated to children. Total area 6245

sqm This park offers drawing and painting camps for school children. This area has been a

popular gathering place for the public since the British time. open space for entertainment and

leisure with a commercial edge for recreational purpose.

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Figure 6 Nehru park Figure 7 Nehru park entrance

Delta study school ground

The Delta Study is an important landmark in Fort Nagar, Fort Kochi. Since the establishment

of the school, there was an increase in other sectors mainly residential, recreational and

institutional .it is a private area mainly for playing and exercise.

Figure 8 Delta study school ground

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Parade ground

The 4 acre Parade Ground, was where once the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British colonists

conducted their military parades and drills. The buildings around the ground housed their

defence establishments. Today, the largest open ground in Fort Kochi, the Parade Ground is a

sports arena. The ground was mostly used for sporting events.

Figure 9 Parade Ground

Santa cruz ground

The ground was mostly used for sporting events and other occasion, Santa Cruz Cathedral

events also conducted in the ground

The ground is situated at a slightly lower level and hence waterlogging is frequent issue during

monsoon

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Figure 10 santa cruz ground

Figure ground | open space map

Figure 11 open space map Figure 12 figure ground map

A total of 32% of the given area are covered by buildings, the rest 68 % of the open spaces are

used as public grounds, recreational areas and as spaces which are utilized for major tourist

activities.

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Chapter 3 Literature Reading

3.1. Cities for People - Jan Gehl

The author explains city as a place for exchange of ideas, trade, activities, main domain

streets, squares, parks and an easily accessible place.

Figure 13 human dimension

https://m-festival.biz/en/introduce/aarhus-sommeropera

Human Dimension

The human dimension's situation is even more complex and tragic in developing countries. The

majority of the population is forced to use city space extensively for a variety of everyday

activities. When many space is available, it is better used.

Optional activities are pleasant and recreational. The quality of the city is a critical precondition

for this important group of enterprises. Social activities include all types of human contact and

take occur everywhere people go in the city..

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ACTIVITIES

Activities are divided into two categories: necessary and

optional. Necessary activities are categorized into different degrees of necessity. This activity

takes place under all conditions. E.g.: going to work for school, waiting for the bus, bringing

goods to customers, etc. Optional activities are largely recreational and take place under good

and favorable conditions. E.g.: people might like walking down the promenade, standing up to

get a good view, sitting and enjoying the good weather.

Figure 14 human activities

CLIMATE

When conditions are tolerable, the scope of actions required increases. When the weather

allows, people engage in many necessary activities as well as an increasing number of

recreational ones. People emerge from their buildings to stay in city space, attracted by the

weather, places, and life in the city. Children gather in front of houses to play on chairs that

have recently dragged out. Climate is mentioned as a important element for the extent and

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nature of outdoor activities with good cause. Outdoor activities are limited or impossible when

it is too cold, too hot, or too rainy. Because climate cannot be controlled, we should be able to

design settings that attempt to mitigate the negative consequences of extreme weather.

Figure 15 Relation with environment

Physical quality of open space

Planning and design can be used to influence the extent and character of outdoor activities.

invitations to do something outdoors other than just walking should include protection,

security, reasonable space, furniture, and visual quality. The author explains that an open

space should be more inviting by having a number of built or non-built elements in it. It

makes a space more interesting.

City's greatest attraction

Studies from cities all over the world illuminate the importance of life and activity as an urban

attraction. People gather where things are happening and spontaneously seek the presence of

other people.

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3.2. Image of the City - Kevin Lynch

The author says, "Every citizen has had long associations with some part of the says, city, and

his image is soaked in memories and meanings." He is also concerned with how we locate

ourselves within the city, and how we find our way around. To know where we are within the

city, therefore, we have to build u p a workable image of each part.

Imageability

The quality of a physical object which gives an observer a strong vivid image. A highly image-

able city would be well-formed, would contain very distinct parts, and would be instantly

recognizable to the common inhabitant. The contents of the city images so far studied, which

are preferable to physical forms, can conveniently be classified into five types of elements:

• Paths

• Edges

• Districts

• Nodes

• Landmarks

Figure 16 Kevin Lynch's Five Principles

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Public Image

Everyone holds a unique image of his or her city, a visual representation that guides through

daily life and maps out meaning. Researching a sample of these images can help planners

discern a "public image" of their city. A person's perception of the world is known as a mental

map. A mental map is an individual's own map of their known world. Mental maps of

individuals can be investigated. This can be evaluated in terms of identity, what makes this

particular image unique among cities structure, how the image is spatially formed and meaning,

what values are attached to the image through which one can locate himself.

Path

Figure 17 pathway

Familiar routes followed- "Are the channels along which the observer customarily,

occasionally, or potentially moves." E.g., streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, railroads.

The continuity depends on:

• Width

• Gradient

• Activity

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3.3. Social Life of Small Urban Spaces - William H. Whyte

1. Well defined spaces

Urban spaces are public settings in which everyone creates their own private space. This is only

done when gaps are defined by design elements like a light pole, post, or bench. The author

notes that some aspects such as these are offered since it has been shown that when a person

attempts to establish his own space, he prefers to locate these items for his use, therefore making

it more defined. The author began a street life project in 1970 to study small urban places in

order to determine why some urban spaces function and others do not. It addressed the

frequency of chance interactions, street conferences, street behaviour, and public choices..

Figure 18 street Figure 19 public plaza

2. Sitting spaces
People tend to sit mostly where there are places to sit. 6 to 10% of the total open space should

be given for sitting. The most popular spaces tend to have more sitting spaces than the less

popular ones.

Some factors that contribute to the quality of a sitting space:

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• Seating Heights

• Integral

• Seating Benches.

• Chairs

• The Amount of Seating Space

Figure 20 public seating

3. Sun, wind, trees and water

Experimentation to find better ways to hoard the sun or to obscure it and to also use wind for

breezes. With the use of glass canopies or small pavilions, semi outdoor spaces can be created

that would be usable in every weather. Trees should be related much more to sitting spaces as

the best liked sitting spaces are those that can afford a view into the passing scene and the

comfort of the shade of the tree. It provides a satisfying enclosure. A number of parks or plazas

include water in different forms, such as waterfalls, pools, water tunnels, fountains, and so on.

What is lacking, though, is access. It is not right to provide water in front of people and then

take it away. Touching the water should be allowed. The sound of water is also big

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factor as it allows people to freely talk to their components with the white noise of water in

the background. It gives them a sense of privacy.

Figure 21 water plaza

4.Triangulation

Triangulation is the process by which an external stimulus provides a link between strangers

and prompts strangers to talk to each other. The stimulus can vary from a sculpture to a

performing artist. The author mention that when two or more strangers at a public space are

watching a mime artist or a performer, they are automatically connected, and it makes them

want to mingle with each other.

• Performers provide a connection between strangers and acquaintances

• Musicians and entertainers draw people together

o Rockefeller Plaza

o Increases social interaction among visitors

• Develops curiosity among kids.

• Encourage people to think over it.

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Figure 22 street artist Figure 23 street musician

Triangulation would be defined as "the characteristic of a public space that can bring people

together, or things, actions, or activities that act as magnets to bring people together art

installations, buskers, skating rinks, dance floors, street band, street artist, street sculpture.

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3.4 Responsive Environments - Ian Bently, Alan Alcock, Paul Murrain, Sue

McGlynn, Graham Smith

"The design of a place affects the choices people can make, at many levels:

• Permeability: where people can go and where they cannot

• Variety: the range of uses available to people

• Legibility: how easily people can understand what opportunities it offers

• Robustness: the degree to which people can use a given place for different purposes.

• Visual appropriateness: the detailed appearance of the place makes people aware of the

choices available.

• Richness: people's choice of sensory experiences

• Personalization: the extent to which people can put their own stamp on a place."

3.5 Inference from Data Collection

From the data collected, we can conclude by saying that it is important to increase the number

of public spaces in a city. Without any proper guidance or planning by the local government,

we will witness the decrease in public spaces making cities bland and lifeless. It will weaken

community relationships and bring Identity into the city. Therefore, it is important that public

spaces be successful

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Chapter 4 Literature Case Studies

4.1 Tel Aviv’s Central Promenade Renewal / Mayslits Kassif Architects

Location: (Street, City, Country): Tel Aviv promenade- Herbert Samuel street, Tel Aviv- Yafo,

Israel

Architects: Mayslits Kassif Architects

Client: Tel Aviv Municipality

The central promenade of Tel Aviv, a young Bauhaus city, was essential in creating the ever-

evolving link between the city and its shoreline from the time it was built in the late 1930s. The

raised boardwalk served as a dividing line between the city and its beach during all the stages

of its existence.

Figure 24 aerial view Figure 25 walk way

https://www.archdaily.com/913023/tel-avivs-central-promenade-

The current renovation project aimed to transform this historical blockade by creating a new

continuous interface that enables free pedestrian flow to and from the sandy beach, throughout

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the city's central waterfront. Moreover, serving as the main waterfront public space of the entire

metropolitan area, the new promenade and its sitting-terraces were designed to offer a generous

array of seats and relaxation opportunities along the seafront, in order to host a great many new

visitors and create a hospitable and lively public domain for this large dense urban area.

https://www.archdaily.com/913023/tel-avivs-central-promenade- https://landezine-award.com/tel-avivs-central-promenade-renewal/

Figure 26 Crowd Gathering in the Beach Figure 27 Night view

The physical gap between the city and the sea was repaired by building a continuous stretch of

sitting steps and ramps along the waterfront and redesigning the vacant rooftops of the old beach

buildings into warm urban balconies. The promenade was extended towards the beach with

terraced seating platforms, large, covered areas, and new recreational areas that contained

sporting amenities, different game courts, playgrounds, and resting places under the palms.

Figure 28 sitting space

https://www.archdaily.com/913023/tel-avivs-central-promenade

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In order to mediate between the city and its beach, a new "in-between" space was developed.

This space has since developed into an essential melting pot for a new urban culture, where

improvised groups of acrobats, backgammon players, young parents, joggers, and many others

use the promenade as their common social platform. Its generous, welcoming, and inclusive

territory fosters a very diverse and diversified environment that radiates optimism and a free

spirit in its tense and difficult environment.

Figure 29 plan

https://www.archdaily.com/913023/tel-avivs-central-promenade-

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4.1.2 Renewel Of Tel Aviv’s Central

• Before And After

Figure 30 diagram

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Analysis

1. Activity

The people prefer to move around as the space is permeable and get engaged in different

activities which include backgammon players, jogging, skating, walking, talking. exercising,

cultural activities, different game courts, playgrounds.

Figure 31 walkway Figure 32 playing

2. Sitting Spaces

A wide choice of seating and relaxation facilities were designed to be provided along the seaside

by the new walkway and its sitting-terraces.

3.views and vista

The Mediterranean Sea and public square are the dominant features of Tel Aviv's central It

provides good beach views. The whole beach is nicely landscaped with paths and areas for

relaxing.

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Figure 33 aerial view Figure 34 sitting space

4.Imageability

The whole beach is imageable as it is multifunctional. The walkway is set up like an avenue

with well-defined landscape and is paved.

https://www.landscapearchitecturebuilt.com/tel-aviv-centra https://nonspewpa.com/land?c=v6WMZTLIuw-0g1Lx4og4Fm8

Figure 35 aerial view

5.safety

Different types of lighting include spot lights, ground lights etc. The entire stretch can be

developed as walkway with well lighting fixture making a safer place for evening.

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4.2 Marina Beach, Chennai

Marina Beach is a natural urban beach on the Bay of Bengal in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

The beach is the longest natural urban beach in the country, spanning 6.0 kilometres (3.7 miles)

from near to Fort St. George in the north to Foreshore Estate in the south. The Marina is mostly

sandy in contrast to Mumbai's Juhu Beach, which is made up of small rock outcroppings. The

beach's maximum length is 437 metres, with an average width of 300 metres (980 feet) (1,434

ft.). The risks presented by the strong element at Marina Beach make bathing and swimming

prohibited. With 30,000 people per day during the week and 50,000 visitors per day on

weekends and holidays, it is one of the busiest beaches in the nation. Throughout the summer,

between 15,000 and 20,000 people come.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Beach

Figure 36 aerial view

In the 1880s, the beach was just a strip of mud that would wash up very close to the road. The

then governor of Madras, Grant Duff was captivated by this long stretch of beach and decided

to build the promenade in 1884. The same year he officially named it the Madras Marina. Since

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then, a number of public buildings, monuments, and statues have been erected along the beach,

around 17 to be precise.

https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2022/apr/21/chennais-marina-stretch-to-be-developed-for-blue-flag-tag-2444523.html

Figure 37 marina beach food stall Figure 38 aerial view

Around 500 vendors manage the beach's famous stores and food stalls, which are well known.

Because of the memorials and sculptures, as well as the morning stroll, joggers' track, lovers'

area, aquarium, and other amenities, it is a popularly hangout for people of all ages. Beach

cricket has been played at the Marina for decades. Other popular beach activities include kite

flying and beach cricket. However, Chennai City Police has outlawed it in a number of places

because to its disruption of people on the beach and traffic. Large waves and severe seas are

common. There are fishing communities at the shore's two ends.

As part of the 'Chennai Forever' initiative by the Tamil Nadu government, a 34-foot (10 m)

tall, the artificial waterfall was installed in September 2005 at a cost of ₹ 1.5 million. A visitor

centre near the Coolum River mouth on the Marina, similar to the Marina Barrage Visitor

Centre in Singapore and San Antonio Visitor Center in the United States, has been planned as

part of an initiative to create awareness of the need for clean waterways.

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Analysis

1. Activity

In the beach people engaged in different activities which include the morning stroll, joggers'

track, aquarium, and other amenities. At the beach, kite flying, and beach cricket are popular

activities, and pony rides. The beach is well-known for its shops and food stalls there for more

people and activities in the beach.

Figure 39 Crowd Gathering in the Beach Figure 40 evening view

Source: google map

2. Sitting Spaces

Benches are provided at regular intervals at the marina beach. Normal plate forms with granite

finishes are also provided

3.views and vista

The seating of the beach is facing to the beach. The whole beach is nicely landscaped with paths

and areas for relaxing.

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Figure 41 seating area

4.Permeability

The site is well permeable and is designed along a stretch with different activities

5.safety

The Marina continues to be the most dangerous area to bathe or swim in the state of Tamil

Nadu, with the highest frequency of drownings. Bathing and swimming are prohibited at

Marina Beach due to the strong undercurrent in the area and the lack of lifeguards.

6.Sculptures

The park includes a variety of large-scale sculptures which fit into the landscape of the site

Figure 42 Mahatma Gandhi statue Figure 43 Bose statue Figure 44 Kannagi statue

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Beach

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Chapter 5 Live Case Studies

South Beach, Calicut, Kerala

The Kozhikode Beach also Known as the South Beach, is a beach on the western side of

Kozhikode, situated on the Malabar Coast of India. Kozhikode beach which was once a major

trade port for traders from all parts of the world to import and exports goods especially textiles

which consist of silk, calico and other forms of spices has a wide variety of areas which still are

not introduced to the tourist even though they are placed in front of them. The beach is famous

for an old lighthouse which gives it an ancient tinge. The beach also has a cultural status as it

brings all the sections of the community to enjoy its magnificence every day. The Beach is

accessible through four road overbridges in the city. The beach has paved stones and

illumination. The road parallel to the shoreline is known as ‘Gandhi Road’ after Gandhi visited

Calicut in 1934. There is one Lions Park for the children and an aquarium. After the revamping

measures were introduced, a new space known as the Freedom Square has been set up, along

with side walkways and seating spaces. The beach has been a prominent location for conducting

public meetings. Due to the significance of the beach and as it has been the main gathering area

for the people of Kozhikode, different development measures are being taken to improve and

uplift the beach. The South Beach, which recently underwent a massive facelift, was open on

July 1. The renovations are part of the measures to improve tourism potential in the district.

After the development of Freedom Square, the beautified beach now holds the key to the port

city’s rich and eventful history that has remained somewhat concealed till now.

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Figure 45 Beach aerial view Figure 46 freedom square

https://www.archdaily.com/968994/freedom-square-de-earth-architects/614c7fa75bec4f01656ff70e-freedom-square-de-earth-architects-
photo?next_project=no https://www.architectandinteriorsindia.com/projects/16710-freedom-square-unbridled-expression-of-the-values-
of-a-city

The District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC) and the district administration worked

together on the beautifying project. The transformation begins in South Beach and concludes

towards Freedom Square. The renovation's motif is inspired by the district's cultural legacy,

which includes the famous Valiyangadi, Kuttichira, and Tail temples.

Figure 47 Kozhikode Beach New Waiting Shed

https://www.bizglob.com/2021/06/new-look-kozhikode-beach.html

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Apart from improving the aesthetics of the beach, the improvements have made room for

improved sitting arrangements, healthier meadows, and more plants. The beach's walls are

adorned with photographs of literary luminaries such as Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, MT

Vasudevan Nair, and SK Pottekkat. The district's culture and customs, as well as its well-known

delicacies, are brilliantly reflected in the form of street art on the walls.

Figure 48 Wall Paintings on Kozhikode Beach Figure 49 Kozhikode Beach Footpath

In-built wooden waste bins, children’s play area, washrooms, and ramps for differently-abled

persons, lit-up walkways, surveillance cameras, and defined parking spaces are also among the

latest renovations here. Selfie corners with ‘I love Kozhikode’ and ‘Nammude Kozhikode’

structures are among the major attractions apart from the huge chess board and snake and ladder

game board installed here.

Figure 50 selfie corners Figure 51freedom square sketch

Source Instagram/ de Earth Architects/Freedom Square

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Figure 52 analysing the space

View Point Recreational space Monumental Accessibility Seating space

Figure 53 analysing the space

There are many visual connections from the nearby beach area and Gandhi road to the Square,
and we see diverse visual features of the same space from each point. However, in areas where
isolation from noise and visual access from the road are required, the design has included tiny
buffer zones created by vegetation.

Figure 54 section

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The existing stage is carefully carved to be a multifunctional space, diverging the performance

stages with a symbolic spine into the sea creating positive spaces. The large main stage facing

south is designed for political events and large functions. The North stage is for cultural events

and the central walk radiating from the space is designed as a reminiscence of Calicut's history

with a walking gallery, with historical narratives engraved on curated plates. Green rooms act

as an asset for the successful functioning of the performance areas

Key Findings

o This is one of the central attractions of Kozhikode city

o This is one of the few beaches that provides camel safari

o Kozhikode beach is also a famous movie shooting location

o Plastic waste has enormous presence in the beach

o Drainage comes directly to beach without any pipe line thus spreading bad odour to the

atmosphere

o Lack of proper drinking water and seating arrangement is a major constraint for the

visitors

o Lack of proper first aid facility

Figure 55 street view

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Analysis
1. Accessibility

Figure 56 accessible roads Figure 57 entries

Source: archdaily
The Beach is accessible through four road overbridges in the city. There are several entries from

the road, this makes it suitable for people to make choices. The freedom square, and beach is

open for all public. No ramps are provided for accessing the stage and walkway making it

difficult for disabled persons.

2. Vehicular parking

Figure 58 public parking

There provided more number of parking to the public .

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3. Activity

Freedom square itself adults to seasons, time, function & users. The space is equally open to

political and cultural events of various scales. It also acts as a meeting place, striking photo

destination, an urban gym, and more. There were different activities which include jogging,

walking, talking. exercising, cultural activities, live performances, etc.

Figure 59 live performances space Figure 60 exercising

https://archello.com/story/101724/attachments/photos-videos/29

4. Sitting Spaces

Normal platforms with granite finishes are provided and the seating area provide under the tree

for natural shade. The seating mainly provide the edges of the freedom square

Figure 61 seating Figure 62 seating under the tree

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5. views and vista

Figure 63 view to the beach Figure 64 view from the freedom square

Gandhi Road and the neighbouring beach area have various visual connections to the Square,

and from each location, we may view different visual aspects of the same space. However, the

design has modest buffer zones made of plants in places where noise isolation and visual access

from the road are necessary.

5. climate

The beach experiences direct sun during the day and hot sea breeze blow into the square.

8. Activity And Age Group

There were different activities which include jogging, walking, talking. exercising, cultural

activities, live performances, etc. User group include family, college students, youngsters, and

children’s.

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7. Imageability

The freedom square add to the imageability of the beach and the freedom square is also an

imageable element.

Figure 65 monumental structure Figure 66 freedom square

8. Safety

In terms of light

Beach is active at evening time. Different type of light under trees, ground with

landscape, lamp post at certain distances, and tree hung lights

Figure 67 Beach top view Figure 68 square lighting

https://surfacesreporter.com/articles/123490/freedom-square-designed-by-deearth-architects-reminisces-the-rich-history-and-cultural-
versatility-of-calicut

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5. Inference of the Case Studies

Based on the study, some parameters were identified, that play a major role in improving the

public spaces near coastlines.

• Accessible with viable road networks and visual connections.

• The various areas, monuments, and signs on and around the shore must be legible to all.

• Beach quality is determined by the nature of the coastline. It should be considered to

ensure a safe and user-friendly environment.

• Proximity to the city, allowing people to visit the beach premises regularly and easily.

• Tourist industry economic opportunities for the local community as well as the

government.

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Chapter 6 Field Study

Fort Kochi Beach, Kerala

Site area :2.36 Acres

One of the famous beaches of the state, Fort Kochi Beach has its fair share of cultural and

historic legacy along with being the venue for famous Cochin Carnival. The beach is situated

near the estuary of Vembanad Lake. The beach is adjacent to many historical monuments that

speak about the colonial past of Kochi. Fort Kochi beach is part of culture and lifestyle of Kochi.

The beach is crowded in most of the evenings especially in weekends and vacations. The beach

is also famous for Kite – flying.

Figure 69 Beach Pathway Figure 70 fort Kochi beach

https://upinthenusair.com/2019/05/20/fort-kochi/

The Vasco Da Gama Square is one of the most active places in Fort Kochi having a narrow

promenade along the beach, food stalls, Chinese fishing nets and cultural events. the most active

area with activities changing from morning to evening. Attracts many tourists and local visitors

for activities like shopping, sea food, sight view, photography and many other similar purposes.

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Site area :2.36 Acres

Figure 71 fort Kochi beach

Source : google map

Key Findings

• The beach is one of the most busiest public place of the city
• The beach has a wide and long walkway which gives the tourists to walk and enjoy the
beauty of the water bodies and beach
• There are lot of food joints that provides tasty sea food cuisine
• There is a children's park adjacent to the beach which is functioning properly
• The beach walkway is a busy shopping spot
• The beach cleanliness Is poor
• Rest room facility is limited
• Tree shelters are not sufficient to provide shades
• Beach staff is limited
• Lacks safe drinking water facility
• Lacks first aid facility

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Analysis

1. Activity

Figure 72 activity diagram

One among the most active area with activities changing from
morning to evening. Attracts many tourists and local visitors for activities like shopping, sea
food, sight view, photography and many other similar purposes.

Main activity points

1
3 2
4
6 5

Figure 73 Activity points

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Figure 74 fishing Figure 75 Chinese net

1 FISHING
2 CHINESE
fishing is done by the locals near
NET The chinese net fishing is done by a
fort kochi. Time morning 7:00am to 11pm
group of people The sale of fish is done near
evening 3:00 to 5:30pm
the net its self-time morning 7:30am to 9pm
night

Figure 76 boat fishing Figure 77 ventors

3 BOAT FISHING 4 VENTORS

Boat fishing is done by the locals. And Small vendors are placed in between shops.
fish caught are taken to auction space. They are basically Bengalis.
Boat fishing is done by the locals. And fish
caught are taken to auction space.

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Figure 78 ventors ,lottery, tea makers

6 JOGGING

People come for jogging and exercise at morning 6-8am. 72% of them will be locals nearby

rest 28% foreigners. At morning the park area is also used for exercise.

Pie chart

7:00am-8:00 12:00pm-1:00 7:00pm-8:00

locals tourist locals tourist locals tourist

28% 30% 40%

72% 70% 60%

Figure 6.2.8 local and tourist ratio

Figure 79 local and tourist

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The Chinese fishnets can be connected to walkway to make the beach more interactive.

Figure 80 Beach section

Beach pathway analysis

Figure 81 pedestrian path

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2.Accessibility

Figure 82 access map

The beach is open for all public, free

movement is possible. Ramps are provided for accessing the walkway making it easy for

disabled persons. There are several entry to the beach. this make its suitable for people to make

choice.

3. Permeability

A continuous walkway run throughout the beach with well-defined curbs

and pavements.

Figure 83 pedestrian path

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4. Safety

Active during night due to proper lighting and ornamental lighting make space vibrant,

making the walkway well it makes it safer and more active.

Figure 84 street light Figure 85 parking area

5. Sitting space

Choices include people sitting under the shaded tree. Benches and platforms are used as

sitting spaces. Few of them are not well shaded so people prefer to sit under the trees.

Figure 86 sitting space

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5. View and vista

Good view to the Arabian sea, proper seating facing the sea are provided. Mainly active morning and

evening.

Figure 87 view point

6. User Group

. User group include family, college students, youngsters, tourists, couples etc

6. Imageability

The long stretch of pathways adds to the beauty of the beach. The Chinese fishnets

Is also a imageability of the beach.

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Chapter 6 Comparative Analysis

Table 6.1 Comparative study based on parameters

Tel Aviv’s Marina beach Calicut beach Fort-Kochi inference

Central beach

Accessibility

The beach road is The beach road The Beach is Should provide
access from a is accessed from accessible several entries
two-lane road five main nodal through four from the road,
points of the road this makes it
access roads. overbridges in suitable for
the city. There people and make
The beach is
are several it active all days
open for all
entries from the
public, free
road, this makes
movement is
it suitable for
possible.
people to make
choices.
Proximity

Proximate from Proximate from Proximate from There were many There were more
the city. Many the city. Many the city. Many heritage businesses and
commercial important food joints are buildings and office buildings
buildings near the buildings present. shops built along the
beach. located here. beach because it
developed.

Vehicular
parking
The parking Parking is done There provided There were Proper parking
provides either along the street more number of parking spaces in space should be
side of the road parking to the the beach. planned with
It is not well defined
public.
sufficient during
the peak time
Permeability

The site is well The site is well The site is well A continuous Provide proper
permeable and permeable and is permeable walkway run walkway and
walkway run designed along a throughout the cycle path
throughout the stretch with beach with well- .throughout the
beach with different activities defined curbs and
beach
different activities pavements.

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Tel Aviv’s Marina beach Calicut beach Fort-Kochi Inference

Central beach

View and vistas

The The seating of Gandhi Road Good view to the Space with
Mediterranean the beach is and the Arabian sea, visual quality
Sea and public facing to the neighbouring proper seating should properly
square are the beach. The beach area have facing the sea are designed with
provided. Mainly
dominant whole beach is various visual seating to sit and
active morning
features of Tel nicely connections to and evening.
spend time
Aviv's central It landscaped with the Square, and
provides good paths and areas from each These space
beach views. The for relaxing. location, we should be well
whole beach is may view shaded
nicely different visual
landscaped with aspects of the
paths and areas same space.
for relaxing.

Safety

Different types The Marina Beach is active Active during Properly

of lighting continues to be at evening time. night due to designed edges
includespotlights, the most Different type of proper lighting
ground lights etc. dangerous area light under and ornamental Proper lighting
The entire stretch to bathe or swim trees, ground lighting make
can be developed in the state of with landscape, space vibrant, Make the
as walkway with Tamil Nadu, lamp post at making the walkway well it
well lighting with the highest certain walkway well it make it safer
fixture making a frequency of distances, and makes it safer
safer place for drownings. tree hung lights and more active.
evening.
Sitting space

A wide choice of Benches are Normal platforms Choices include Proper shaded
seating and provided at with granite people sitting seating
relaxation regular intervals finishes are under the shaded preferably under
facilities were at the marina provided and the tree. Benches and a tree
designed to be beach. Normal seating area platforms are used Different type
provide under the as sitting spaces.
provided along plate forms with platform,
tree Few of them are
the seaside by the granite finishes for natural shade. not well shaded so moveable type,
new walkway and are also provided The seating people prefer to informal seating
its sitting- mainly provides sit under the trees. are more
terraces. the edges of the desirable
freedom square.

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Tel Aviv’s Marina beach Calicut beach Fort-Kochi Inference

Central beach

Imageability
The whole beach several public The freedom The long stretch The
is imageable as it buildings, square add to the of pathways adds characteristics of
is monuments, and imageability of to the beauty of a place that help
multifunctional. the beach and the beach. The people recognize
statues its add to
The walkway is the freedom Chinese fishnets and memorable
set up like an the imageability square is also an Is also a
avenue with well- of the marina imageable imageability of
defined beach element. the beach.
landscape and is
paved.

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Chapter 7 Inference
The general parameters to find the potential of coastal edges to form efficient active public

spaces were identified. Accessibility to the beach is an important factor in all beaches,

Proximity to the city, allowing people to visit the beach premises regularly and easily. The study

of the Fort Kochi Beachfront Spaces led to the development of specific guidelines that could

help in developing such areas into functional public spaces.

7.1 Guidelines

• Parking places must be made available on the property close to the beach road. The
government should acquire the land under the Land Acquisition Act.

• The promenade pathway must be slightly sloped so that water drains naturally through
the holes provided.

• Maintenance of Trash cans provided on the beach should be done on a regular basis.

• The present vegetation between the beach and the promenade should be fenced in,
with regular access paths to the beach provided.

• The open spaces should be attractive and imageable

• A lack of good place to sit is an equally important issue. For example, a choice of
seats in sun or shade can make all the difference in a place success, depending on its
climate and location

• The beach cleanliness has to be a priority and needs suitable intervention

• More beach staff has to be appointed to ensure safety of the visitors

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• The area chosen as a public space should firstly be well maintained after.

Chapter 6 Conclusion

Beach areas have the potential to become important public interaction places. With the use of

the data collected from the field study, I can conclude that the beach way in Fort Kochi should

be maintain for the long-term benefit. The study provided insight into the many characteristics

of beach sides, which can the general parameters that help to easily identify the coastal edges

that can develop as people's places.

A successful beach is defined not only by its design but also by the public's commitment and

involvement.

The beach cleanliness must be a priority and needs suitable intervention. Pollution of these

beaches also makes them unusable for the public.

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Chapter 7 Bibliography

https://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/StanleyEtAl-OpenSpaces.pdf

https://www.nar.realtor/blogs/spaces-to-places/what-makes-a-great-public-

space#:~:text=Great%20public%20spaces%20are%20accessible,and%20accommodating%20

for%20all%20users

https://www.archdaily.com/913023/tel-avivs-central-promenade-renewal-mayslits-kassif-architects

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Beach

https://www.academia.edu/43135686/A_STUDY_ON_TOURISM_POTENTIAL_OF_BEACH_TOURISM_

HIGHLIGHTING_KOZHIKODE_BEACH_Repaired_

https://healthbridge.ca/dist/library/Situational_Analysis_of_Beaches_of_Kerala_inner_with_cover_

May_2017.pdf.

School of Architecture, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam 2022-2023